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JAMMU & KASHMIRJammu & Kashmir has the distinction of being one of the ethnically most important states of the country owing its diversereligion, language and culture. The state is divided into three distinct regions ² Ladakh, Jammu and the Kashmir valley. The state offers a rich diversity of landscapes, religions, and people. The Kashmir valley is a mosaic of forests, waterways and covered with snow clad mountains. The Jammu region is a religious hotspot of the Hindus. The shrine of Mata Vai
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JAMMU & KASHMIR
Jammu & Kashmir has the distinction of being one of the ethnically
most important states of the country owing its diverse
religion, language and culture. The state is divided into three
distinct regions – Ladakh, Jammu and the Kashmir valley. The state offers
a rich diversity of landscapes, religions, and people.
The Kashmir valley is a mosaic of forests, waterways and covered with
snow clad mountains.
The Jammu region is a religious hotspot of the Hindus. The shrine of Mata
Vaishno Devi is situated here.
The Ladakh region is situated on the high altitude of Himalayan
Mountains and is a sparsely populated desert studded with Buddhist
monasteries which are its main attraction.
The state has a rich cultural heritage and has a wealth of ancient
literature, language, religion, arts and crafts, dance, music and delicious
cuisines. The popular clothing are usually made of wool and has a lot of
embroidery work done on it. These eye-catching dresses are decorated
with colorful floral designs. Jammu & Kashmir offers an opportunity to feel
the rich and diversified tradition in the Indian culture. Experience the
stark beauty of the land scapes and enjoy the colourful fairs and festivals
with the people of this ancient land
Jammu district derives its name from the city of Jammu which besides being
the winter capital of the state, is known as the city of temples. Jammu, the Duggar
land where the past still has a living presence. It is believed that the city was
originally founded by Raja Jamboo Lochan who lived in fourteenth century B.C.
The Raja had gone out one day for hunting when he happened to witness a tiger
and a goat drinking water from one and the same pond. This extraordinary
phenomenon set him thinking and he decided to build a city at this site so that the
strong and weak could live together in peace and mutual tolerance. Raja Jambu
Lochan, who lived in the later vedic period, decided to found his capital ,
Jambupura, on his soil, on the right bank of the Tawi. He founded the city which
came to be known as "Jamboo" after his own name. With the passage of time and
due to its frequent use the pronunciation of the name got slightly distorted and
the city, came to be known as 'Jammu' as it is called. His brother king Bahu's fort
created the temple of Maha Kali ( better known as Bahu or Bawey Wali Mata),
located in the Bahufort, is considered second only to Mata Vaishno Devi in terms of
mystical power. The present temple was built shortly after the coronation of
Maharaja Gulab singh, in 1822. The existing fort, as well as the Manasabdar's
palace inside it, was constructed in 1820.
Jammu is situated on a hillock, on the bank of river Tawi and is
bound by Udhampur district in the north and northeast , Kathua district in the east
and southeast, Pakistan (Sialkote) in west and Rajauri district and POK (Bhimber) in
the northwest. Its skyline was once dotted with glittering spires of temples. These
spikes are no longer visible as most of these are hidden behind multi storyed
buildings. The city has numerous shrines for Muslims, Sikhs & Christians also.
Jammu also serves as base camp for the holy shrine of Vaishno Devi. Jammu is
also the Railhead of the state.
Jammu is justly famous for its temples. In fact it is known as the city of temples and
the every fame of its tends to overshadow its palaces, forts, forests and powerful
ziarats. If Bahu Mata is the presiding deity of Jammu, the dargah of Peer Budhan Ali
Shah is the other shrine that protects Jammuites. The other major tourist attraction
is the Ragunath Temple Complex. Maharaja Gulab Singh began the construction of
the Raghunath Mandir Complex in the crowded downtown Bazaar named after it, in
1851. It was left to his son, Ranbir Singh, to inaugurate it six years later perhaps the
most popular temple north of Benares, it contains representations of almost entire
Hindu pantheon, though the emphasis falls on the various incarnations of Lord
Vishnu. The complex houses a rich collection of ancient texts and manuscripts.
District Jammu falls in sub-mountainous region at the foothills of the Himalayas.
Shivalik range rises gradually in the north part of the district and merges with the
Indo-Gangetic plains in the south. Jammu city is at an elevation of 1030 feet above
the sea level.
District Jammu falls in sub-mountainous region at the foothills of the Himalayas.
Shivalik range rises gradually in the north part of the district and merges with the
Indo-Gangetic plains in the south. Jammu city is at an elevation of 1030 feet above
the sea level.
It is largest populated District of the state and second largest in terms of population
density and falls under the category 'B'. The literacy percentage of the District is
77% in as per 2001 census which was highest in the state.
LOCATION
Jammu is located 74 degree 24' and 75 degree 18', East longitude and 32 degree
50' and 33 degree 30' North latitude. It is approximately 600 Kms away from
National Capital, New Delhi and is linked with a National Highway.
TEMPREATURE
The temperature varies from cold in winter with minimum temperature touching even
0.9 degree Centigrade to heat wave in summers when the temperature shoots upto
46 degree centigrade. Jammu District is spread over an area of 3097 Sq Kms and
has a population of about 15.88 lakhs as per the estimates of 2001.
ADMINISTRATION
District has been divided into 5 tehsils , 11 blocks 13 towns including one
municipality 1192 villages and 201 panchayats including 41 command areas.
POPULATION DESTINY
As per the census of 2001,the district has a population of 15.88 lakh.The average
density of population in the district as per census of 2001 is 513 persons per
square km.
AREA UTILISATION
The total area of Jammu district is 3097 square kilometers. In 2005-06, the net
area sown was 1.05 lakh acres. Adding to it, the areas sown more than once which
was of the order of 1.08 lakh acres, the gross cultivated area works out to be 2.13
Lakh acres
OCCUPATION PATTERN
According to census of 2001 the occupation pattern of the District is such that the
number of Cultivators is 134576, Agriculture Labourer is 27523, Business man 8042
and other 358190. The percentage of agricultural labourer is about
25% of the total working force.
CLIMATE
Jammu district has a sub tropical climate with hot and dry climate in summer and
cold climate in winter. Being in the foothills of the mountains, nights are generally
cooler than what they are in the neighbouring areas of Punjab. Minimum and
Maximum temperature is around 4 Degree Celsius and 47 Degree Celsius
respectively.
Rainy season usually starts from the end of June or the beginning of July. Average
rainfall in the district is about 1246 mm.
GENERAL TOURISM
Amar Mahal Palace Museum
This is a beautiful palace of red sand stone which stands amidst the most
picturesque environments of Jammu. There is beautiful view of the Shivaliks at the
north and the River Tawi flows down below. adding to the Grandeur. This was once
the residential palace of Raja Amar Singh. the palace has been converted to a
museum and is looked after by Hari-Tara Charitable trust. The museum has a
golden throne made of 120kg pure gold sofa and has golden lions embedded into it.
The thore is placed in a hexagonal room…
The museum has a gallery of paintings of paintings known as NAL DAMYANTI. It
has a library of around 25000 books on various subjects and disciplines. This is
really a beautiful spot to be visited round the year in Jammu. Hotel Hari Nivas
Palace Hotel :A heritage Hotel is also located adjacent to this.
MUBARAKH MANDI PALACE
The oldest building in this Palace complex date to 1824. The architecture is blend of
Rajasthani, Mugal and even Baroque European influences. The most stunning
segment is the Sheesh Mahal. The Pink Hall now houses of Dogra Art Museum
which has miniature paintings of the various Hill Schools. The Complex has a
history which i 150 years old. It was royal residence of Dogra Kings. The location
was carefully selected for having a commanding view of river Tawi on one side and
the City on other side. The Palaces are built as a group of buildings around a
courtyard.
The Complex has halls and Galleries which were used for official functions and
ceremonies. As the time passed the need was felt to have separate buildings to
house full fledged Royal Secretariat. These buildings were constructed around a
garden cum courtyard which ultimately beacme the venue for important events for
Royal audience for comman man.
Dogra Art Gallery
This is located in the erstwhile Pink Hall of the old Mubarak Mandi Palace Complex.
This museum houses 800 rare and exquisite paintings from different schools of
paintings viz: Basohli, Jammu and Kangra. Gold painted bow and arrow of Shah
Jehan and a number carpentry tools make an important section of the display. The
museum also has Shahnama and Sikandernama hand written manuscripts in
Persian.
Akhnoor
32 kms from south west of Jammu situated on the banks of mighty Chenab river is
the historic town of Akhnoor. This town is associated with the legend of Soni-
Mahiwal. Ruins of the Indus-Valley Civilization are to be seen along the river bank
commanding a panoramic view all around.
Jhajjar kotli
35 kms, On the National Highway leading towards Srinagar is the Jajjar Kotli Tourist
Complex, built on the banks of Jujjar rivulet. The crystal clear, cool water of Jajjar
attracts picnickers in large numbers during the summer. A Tourist Cafeteria, a Bar
and a small Tourist Bungalow are the facilities provided here by JKTDC
RELIGIOUS PLACES
R AGHUNATH TEMPLE
Situated in the heart of the city and surrounded by a group of other temples,this
temple, dedicated to Lord Rama is outstanding and unique in Northern India. Work
on the temple was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh, founder of the Kingdom of
Jammu and Kashmir in 1835 AD and was completed by his son Maharaja Ranbir
Singh 1860 AD. The inner walls of the main temple are covered with gold sheet on
three sides. There are many galleries with lakhs of 'Saligrams'. The surrounding
Temples are dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses connected with the epic
Ramayana.
RANBIRESHWAR TEMPLE
It is located on the Shalimar Road near the New
Secretariat, and Built by Maharaja Ranbir Singh
in1883 AD; Ranbireshwar Temple is dedicated to Lord
Shiva. It has one central 'Lingam' measuring seven
and a half feet height (7.5 ft.) and twelve Shiva
'Lingams' of crystal measuring from 15 cms. To 38
cms. And galleries with thousands of Shiva 'Lingams'
fixed on stone slabs
IDGAHThe city has a number of historic idgah's.Of them Ziarat Baba Buddan Shah is
located in the outskrits of Jammu city at a distance of about 8 kms towards the
aerodrome at Satwari. This ziarat is very popular among all sections of society and
is being visited by large number of people throughout the year. Baba Buddan Shah
was borne at Talwandi in Punjab and it is said that another shrine of this Peer is
located at Anandpur Sahib in Punjab.The real name of this Peer was Shamas-ud-
din, Fard-i-Wahid, Imad-ul-Mulk Hazarat Baba Buddhan Shah. Other idgah's are
Ziarat Baba Roshan Shah Wali near Gumat Bazar, Ziarat Peer Mitha near Peer
mitha bazar. Another idgah is Panch-Peer.This Dargah is situated at a little distance
from the Maharaja's palace on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. The place is
known because of the residence of five peers, who lived here and dedicated
themselves to the meditation
BAHU FORT/ TEMPLE5 kms from Jammu city. Situated on a rock face on the left bank of the river Tawi,
This is perhaps the oldest fort and edifice in the city. Constructed originally by Raja
Bahu lochan over 3,000 years ago, the existing Fort was more recently improved
and built by Dogra rulers. There is a temple dedicated to Goddess Kali inside the
fort popularly known as Bave wali Mata. The fort
overlooks river placidly down the Jammu city. every
Tuesday and Sunday pilgrims throng this templeand
jostle for Tawi flowing worship. Bave Wali Mata is the
presiding deity of Jammu. One can really imagine; on
looking at the fort; the wars fought, the invasions
prevented and even the grandeur of the Royal families.
Today the fort is surrounded with beautiful terraced
garden which is favourite picnic spot of the city folk. It
has waterfalls, flowers and big trees
ART & CRAFT OF JAMMU
Jammu & Kashmir, a state with rich craft and cultural heritage deserves
to be better known in its crafts context of people and culture. Nowhere
else in the country the paintings, costumes and ornaments of the people
are as exotic, divergent and colourful as in Jammu & Kashmir. The state is
a home to miniature Basohli Qualm paintings that are kept in a number of
celebrated museums across the world. The walls and pillars of
several buildings in Jammu, especially the temples, are adorned with
sculptures, intricate carvings of Gods and Goddesses or floral motifs.
This is a common feature of folk art all over the state and is indeed
praiseworthy.
Jammu arts and crafts are famous for their rich workmanship. Some
popular art and crafts of the state include Floor coverings, Wood-work,
Papier mache, Metal work, Silverware, Jewellery, Basketry & mat
weaving, Leather and furs, Clay and ceramics, Paintings and Stone craft.
The Kashmiri artisan also produces articles of copper-ware consisting of
cooking pots and samovars and sundry articles for the households. As far
as textile is concerned, Jammu & Kashmir has a separate position owing
to its fascinating art of Kashmiri shawl. These shawls have great demand
in national as well as international markets.
Fairs and Festivals
LOHRI (January 13,Every Year)
This festival is also known as Makar Sankarnti. It heralds the onset of spring. The
whole of Jammu region wears a festive look on this day. Thousands take a dip in
the holy rivers. 'Havan Yagnas' light up nearly every house and temple in Jammu. In
the rural areas, Custom requires boys to go around asking for gifts from newly-weds
and new parents.
A special dance called the 'Chajja' dance is held on the occasion of Lohri. It makes
a striking picture to see boys along with their 'Chajjas' elaborately decorated with
colored paper and flowers move on the street in a dancing processio. The whole
atmosphere comes alive with the pulsating drum beats.
BAISAKHI (April 13 or 14)
The name Baisakhi is taken from the first month of the Vikram calendar. Every year,
on the first day of Vaishakh, the people of Jammu-like the rest of northern India-
celebrate baisakhi.
Baisakhi is also known as the harvest festival and is considered auspicious
especially for marriages. Rivers, canals and ponds are thronged by devotees who
unfailingly take a ritual dip every year. Many people go to the Nagbani Temple to
witness a grand new year celebration.
Numerous fairs are organized and people come in thousands to celebrate the
beginning of the new year and watch the famous bhangra dance of Punjab. For the
Sikhs of Jammu, Baisakhi is the day their tenth Guru Gobind Singhji formed the
Khalsa sect in 1699. The Gurudwaras are full of people who come to listen to
Kirtans, offer prayers and feast on the parsad from the common Kitchen(Langer).
BAHU MELA (March-April and Sept-Oct)
A Major festival is held at the Kali Temple in Bahu Fort(Jammu) twice a year.
CHAITRE CHAUDASH (March-April)
Chaiter Chaudash is celebrated at Uttar Behni,about 25 Kms. From Jammu. Uttar
Behni gets its name from the fact that the Devak River (also known as Gupt Ganga
locally) flows here in the northerly direction.
PURMANDAL MELA (Feb-March)
Purmandal is 39 Kms. from Jammu city. On Shivratri, the town is transformed for
three days as people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to Goddess Parvati here.
The people of Jammu also come out in their colorful best to celebrate Shivaratri at
peer khoh, the Rainbireshwar Temple and the Panjbhaktar Temple.
JHIRI MELA (Oct – Nov)
Baba Jitu was a simple, God loving and honest farmer who preferred to kill himself
rather than submit to the unjust demands of the local landlord to part with his corp.
He killed himself in the village of Jhiri,14 kms. from Jammu. A legend has grown
around the Baba and his followers congregate at Jhiri on the appointed day from
every him for his compassion, courage and honesty and hold an annual fair in his
name.
MANSAR FOOD AND CRAFT MELA
This mela is organised by J&K Tourism during Baisakhi every year. Held at the
picturesque Mansar Lake-62 kms away from Jammu, it is a three day celebration of
the local crafts and cuisine, where people from adjoining states also take part
Cu is ines : Jammu and Kashmir
The state offers a variety of exotic recipes bearing a distinct seal of the
state. The cooking style varies according to religions and regions. The
Kashmir pandits, Muslims and Rajputs follow their own
tradition of cooking.
Preparation includes both vegetarian and non-vegetarian cuisines but
meat based dishes with lamb being preferred over others.
People of the state use a variety of spices, condiments and curd
while cooking. The medium of cooking is chiefly mustard oil. The most
important feature of Kashmir cuisine is the use of expensive saffron or
kesar, which is produced in the state. Rice is the major form of staple
food in Kashmir. Variations in recipes can also be seen in the
different regions of the state. Cooking pattern as seen in Ladakh differs to
that Hindu Dogras. This is due to variation in crop production in
different regions of the state. Some of the popular recipes are depicted
below.
List of Recipes
Vegetarian
Kashmiri Dum Aloo (Potato)
Haak- Kashmiri Spinach
Kashmiri Pulao
Zafrani Pulao (Saffron flavoured pulao, Indian recipe)
Sweets
Phirni
Non Vegetarian
Shab Deg Kashmiri Roghan Josh (The famous Red Kashmiri dish)
Kashmiri Gustaba (Lamb koftas)
Kashmiri Mutanjan (A type of lamb pullao)
Pasande Kabob (Spicy lamb steaks)
Kashmiri Qambargah (Lamb rib chops cooked in a spice mixture
then coated in besan batter and fried)
Kashmiri Qeema Pullao (A minced lamb pullao)
Kashmiri Roast Yakhni (Leg of lamb with a spicy coating)
Rista (Meat-balls in red gravy)
Daniwal Korma (Lamb in a yogurt based gravy)
Shami Kabab (Minced lamb patties)
Tabak Maaz (Fried lamb ribs)
HISTORIC PLACES AND MONUMENTS
Bahu Fort
It is a renowned historical temple of Goddess Mahakali popularly known as Bawe-
Wali Mata. The fort overlooks the river Tawi flowing placidly down the Jammu City
Mubarak Mandi Complex
The complex is housing 76 government offices and courts. The complex has a
history as old as 150 years back. It was a royal residence of Dogra rulers. The
palaces are built as a group of buildings around the courtyard. Successive Dogra
rulers added to the complex in size. The buildings were used as the residences of
the royal Dogra families. The complex has halls and galleries which were used for
official functions and public events.
Rani Charak Mahal
It is also located on river side, connected with Toshakhana on one side.
Amar Mahal Museum
Is a beautiful palace of red sand stone which stands amidst most picturesque
horizons of Jammu. Once the residential palace of Raja Amar Singh, the palace has
been converted into a museum and is looked after by Hari-Tara Charitable trust.
The museum still has the golden throne on which Maharaja used to sit, which is
made up of 120 Kg pure. The museum has a gallery of paintings known as the
NALDAMYANT and a library in which about 25,000 books on various subjects and
disciplines have been presented.
Dogra Art Museum
It is presently located in the Pink Hall of Mubarak Mandi Complex. The Museum
houses about 800 rare and exuisite paintings from different schools of paintings-viz.
Basholi, Jammu and Kangra. Gold painted bow and arrow of Mughal Emperor
Shahjehan and a number of carpentary tools also make an important section of the
museum. The museum also has hand written manuscripts of Shahnama and
Sikandernama both in Persian.
Ziarat Baba Buddan Shah
Located in the outskirts of Jammu city at a distance of about 8 Kms towards the
aerodrome at Satwari. This shrine is very popular among all sections of society.
Baba Buddan Shah was borne at Talwandi in Punjab, and it is said that another
shrine of this Peer is located at Anandpur Sahib in Punjab.
Ziarat baba Roshan Shah Wali
An Arabian faquir in 6th century travelled the Asian penninunsula and came to
Jammu to settle at the plateau outside the town in a dense forest. The exceptionally
large grave built on the slope of Gumat speaks about his lofty personality.
Ziarat Peer Mitha
In the heart of Jammu city we find a magnificent tomb alongwith a mosque. The
Ziarat is popularly known as Peer Mitha. Even the locality around it is named after
the Ziarat. The ziarat became popular among the masses as Pir Mitha as he
accepted a pinch of sugar among the offerings.
Panch Peer
This dargah is situated at a little distance from the Maharaja's palace on the
Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. The place is as known because of the
residence of five peers (holy men), lived here and dedicated themselves to the
meditation.
Peer Khoh
This cave shrine of Lord Shiva also known as Jamawant cave is said to be the
oldest historic place in the Shivalik region. Located amidst Igneous rocks and acacia
jungle in North-East of Jammu city on the side of circular road above Tawi river, the
history of the cave is said to be connected with epic-age.
Aap Shambhu Temple Sathrian
Is a temple situated at Sathrian in Roopnagar area of Jammu city. The stone temple
has self-made stone Lingam. According to a legend, in the times immemorial this
entire place was an uninhabited jungle, the milky cows and buffaloes used to come
to the Lingam after grazing and shed entire milk on the Lingam.
Raghunath Temple
Located in the heart of Jammu city, this complex is the most splendid temple
complex in Northern India. The main commercial market of Jammu is named after
the temple complex. The complex consists of 17 temples. However, it was named
after the main temple of Lord Rama, Sita Mata and Lakshman as the Dogra dynasty
is believed to be the descendant of Lord Rama. There is hardly any image of diety
which is not represented in the temple complex.
Gadhadharji Temple
Maharaja Gulab Singh also constructed a Gadhadhargi temple near his palace
(Mubarak Mandi) soon after becoming the ruler of the State. The temple has two life
size statues of Narayana and Lakshmi.
MUSIC AND DANCE
Jammu & Kashmir has a rich tradition of music, dance and drama. The
folk music and dance of the state is the lifeline of the Kashmiris. There
are various dance forms performed according to the occasion – various
seasons, harvest, weddings and religious festivals. One of the
popular dance forms of the state is the Mask Dance, performed during
the Hemis festival in Ladakh by the Lamas of the Hemis monastery. The
dancers, representing divine or mythological figures, wear colourful
brocade robes and heavy masks as they perform ceremonial dances
around the monastery courtyard.
Marriage ceremonies in the state are marked by the Hafiza dance where
young Kashmiri boys celebrate the harvest season with Bacha Nagma
dance. Other famous folk dances of Jammu and Kashmir are Ruf, Wuegi-
Nachun, Roul and Dogri. Among folk music, the most famous is the Rabab
and the common musical instruments are Dukra, Sitar and Nagara.
As far as forms of music in Kashmir is concerned there are three distinct
forms, viz. Sufi, Ghazals and Choral Music. Wanawun is another form of
music that is sung and played during wedding ceremonies in Kashmir.
GOVERNMENT
Jammu and Kashmir has a multi party democratic system of governance. Main political
parties include the National Conference, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the
Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP). Presently, Indian National
Congress and its ally PDP hold the maximum number of seats in the Jammu and
Kashmir state assembly. After Mufti Mohammed Sayeed of the PDP completed his
third year as Chief Minister, as per the power sharing agreement between the PDP-
Congress alliance reached in late 2002, Congress leader Ghulam Nabi Azad replaced
Mufti on November 2005.