CultureCulture

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Development of CultureDevelopment of Culture

• What is culture?What is culture?

• The entire way you live.The entire way you live.

• If you were going to make a If you were going to make a time capsule for your time capsule for your culture, what would put in culture, what would put in it?it?

• Cultural Change-new Cultural Change-new technology development-technology development-auto, television, new auto, television, new religion, philosophies, religion, philosophies, artistic stylesartistic styles

• Social Change-changes in Social Change-changes in human relationshipshuman relationships

Cultural ChangeCultural Change

• Four ways to change:Four ways to change:

• 1. Invention/innovation-can also be 1. Invention/innovation-can also be social-example Islamic Revolution, social-example Islamic Revolution, automobileautomobile

• 2. Diffusion-custom or item moves from 2. Diffusion-custom or item moves from one part of the world to another and is one part of the world to another and is adopted in the other-military invasion or adopted in the other-military invasion or religious missionreligious mission

• 3. Acculturation-change which effects 3. Acculturation-change which effects the relationships between people of the relationships between people of different cultures who are in contactdifferent cultures who are in contact

• a. Assimilation-cultural distinction are a. Assimilation-cultural distinction are lost, both share same the culturelost, both share same the culture

• b. Pluralism-retain distinct cultures b. Pluralism-retain distinct cultures within a culturewithin a culture

• c. Displacementc. Displacement

• d. Domination d. Domination

• 4. Revitalization-sweeping social change 4. Revitalization-sweeping social change that transform people’s way of life that transform people’s way of life

Cultural UniversalsCultural Universals

• What are some cultural What are some cultural universals?universals?

• Hand out Hand out The Body Ritual The Body Ritual of the <Naciremaof the <Nacirema

• What is wrong with these What is wrong with these people?people?

• Describe their lifestyle.Describe their lifestyle.

• Do they have any traits Do they have any traits that resemble Americans?that resemble Americans?

Cultural UniversalsCultural Universals

• List all the different terms that refer List all the different terms that refer to an automobile.to an automobile.

• What does that tell you about the What does that tell you about the importance of automobiles?importance of automobiles?

• Foundation of every culture is an Foundation of every culture is an abstract system of word meanings abstract system of word meanings and symbols.and symbols.

• LanguageLanguage• Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis-Language Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis-Language

does more than describe reality, it does more than describe reality, it shapes it.shapes it.

• People conceptualize the world People conceptualize the world through languagethrough language

• therefore-language precedes therefore-language precedes thought and language is not a giventhought and language is not a given

• Do you agree?Do you agree?

LanguageLanguage

• Gender related Gender related language-list for me language-list for me the words that imply the words that imply male or female male or female connotationsconnotations

• race stereotypes-black race stereotypes-black v. whitev. white

• <Rodney King Beating<Rodney King Beating

NormsNorms

• Are established standards of Are established standards of behavior maintained by behavior maintained by societysociety

• Types of NormsTypes of Norms

• 1. Formal Norms-strict rules 1. Formal Norms-strict rules for punishmentfor punishment

• ““laws”, requirement for major laws”, requirement for major at college, rules for a card at college, rules for a card gamegame

• 2. Informal Norms-generally 2. Informal Norms-generally understood but not precisely understood but not precisely recordedrecorded

• standards of proper dress-standards of proper dress-example at churchexample at church

NormsNorms

• Classified by importance-Classified by importance-

• 1. Mores-highly necessary 1. Mores-highly necessary to the welfare of society-to the welfare of society-obedience to mores is obedience to mores is expected-severe sanctionsexpected-severe sanctions

• 2. Folkways-comparatively 2. Folkways-comparatively little concern with slight little concern with slight sanctionssanctions

• **Norms Observation****Norms Observation**

• observe the norms of the observe the norms of the school in 2 completely school in 2 completely different settings using the different settings using the worksheet givenworksheet given

NormsNorms

• Discussion of Norms Discussion of Norms ObservationObservation

• 1. Do you feel that the 1. Do you feel that the norms of the school are in norms of the school are in effect wherever you go?effect wherever you go?

• 2. What are the sanctions 2. What are the sanctions for the norms?for the norms?

• 3. Name some positive 3. Name some positive and negative sanctions you and negative sanctions you observed.observed.

Subculture and Subculture and CountercultureCounterculture

• We will use teenagers as the We will use teenagers as the subculture example!!subculture example!!

• Do you think a culture can exist Do you think a culture can exist in a culture?in a culture?

• What are some like traits of the What are some like traits of the teenage subculture that are teenage subculture that are present in our culture?present in our culture?

• What makes teenagers a What makes teenagers a subculture?subculture?

• What is the counterculture, What is the counterculture, today?today?

• Make a table that uses the Make a table that uses the school as a culture, include school as a culture, include cultural trait, teenage subculture cultural trait, teenage subculture and include the counterculture.and include the counterculture.

Cultural ComparisonCultural Comparison

• 1970’s and 2000’s1970’s and 2000’s

• compare the things that compare the things that are the same in the are the same in the Rolling Rolling Stones Stones andand Mad Mad magazines magazines from the 1970’s to the from the 1970’s to the 2000’s.2000’s.

• compare things that are compare things that are much differentmuch different

• look at not only the look at not only the articles, but pictures, ads, articles, but pictures, ads, format of the magazine format of the magazine etc.etc.