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CULTURAL DIVERSITY
CHAPTER 9
CULTURE, ETHNICITY, AND RACE
• Health care workers are involved with many different people• Respect individuality • Be aware of factors that cause each person
to be unique• Influence is cultural/ethnic heritage
CULTURE
• Culture- Values, beliefs, attitudes, language, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a particular group of people• Passed from one generation to next• Often defined set of rules• Foundation of behavior, but variances
(continues)
CULTURE
• Culture is learned- does not just happen; it is taught• Culture is shared- common practices and
beliefs are shared with others in a cultural group• Social in nature- individuals in the group
understand appropriate behavior based on tradition that has been passed down from generations• Dynamic and constantly changing- new
ideas may generate different standards for behavior
ETHNICITY
• Classification of people based on national origin and/or culture• Share common heritage, geographic location,
national origin, social customs, language, and beliefs• Common ethnic groups• Subgroups within larger ethnic groups
RACE
• Based on physical or biological factors• Color of skin, hair, and eyes• Facial features• Blood types• Bone structure• Race cuts across multiple ethnic and cultural groups
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
• Differences among people resulting from cultural, ethnic, and racial factors• These differences influence a person’s behavior• Differences exist within ethnic/cultural groups• United States called a “melting pot,” or is it more
accurately a “salad bowl?”
ACCULTURATION
• Process of learning the beliefs and behaviors of a dominant culture and assuming some of the characteristics
• Every individual has unique blend of characteristics• Need to develop sensitivity to differences
• Bias: preference or inclination that inhibits impartial judgment• Prejudice: strong feelings or beliefs about a
person or subject; pre-judging others without reviewing facts or information; often based on fear• Stereotyping: making the assumption that
everyone in a group is the same
BIAS, PREJUDICE, AND STEREOTYPING
(continues)
BIAS, PREJUDICE, AND STEREOTYPING
• Creates barriers to relationships• Health care workers need to avoid feelings and
assumptions• What are ways to avoid bias, prejudice, and
stereotyping?
UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIVERSITY
• Cultural and ethnic beliefs will affect behavior• Health care worker needs to be aware of these
beliefs to meet the physical, social, emotional, and mental needs of individuals: holistic care
UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIVERSITY
(CONTINUED)
• Family organization• Nuclear- mother, father, and children• Extended- includes nuclear family plus grandparents,
aunts, uncles and cousins• Patriarchal versus matriarchal• Recognition and acceptance of family organization
is essential in all aspects of the health care field
(continues)
UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIVERSITY
• Language• Personal space and touch• Eye contact• Gestures• Health care beliefs • Spirituality and religion
RESPECT CULTURAL DIVERSITY
• Regard each individual as unique• Everyone adopts beliefs and forms a pattern of
behavior based on culture, ethnicity, race, life experiences, spirituality, and religion• Health care workers must learn to respect
differences in individuals