di~tatQrship of tne whole peopkagainst' the very small re,\ctionaq' ~Inotity; ready to grab back,their age~old domiiHl,tion arid 'hinder the march of' therevolut1bn. Not, befng' 'firtnfy' ~epress~d, ;ther~actionaries at home have, been used by the French and international reaction­aries to::cie~te dIfficulties for'the'revolu'tiol}ary power andttH!i'vide'Otir people,On:e"lvonders why the,admi­nistratj:v~' 'Committee' on~am Eo immediately, after, its fouhda1'ion; did not order the.dmmediate arrest of the pro-French Nguyen Van Thillh traitors, some,o(,the most dangerotlsand,hti~chie'\'ons: elemeri'ts ' among the ' pro­Japane~,~, and 'the most, confi,rrned trotskyite, sabotage e"perts,whIch ,!acDilJ;llowedthese people to prepare,th," re.ttirn,of: tl)~Ft!lnCh by creatingproyocations before and on' ~dllpell!len~e Day (Senx, ;:;:, 1945).1 One wqp:der\l- ' wllty in,iBati Eo, ,ll,Her,the foundation of the, people'~s,' power inthecapit!ll~ many prod'l,panese traitors ,and other machiavelliah agents,from abroad were ,not arT,ested?

. t ," ,', ,'~ I '

CHAF'PER-'V ,<,,;,,'

,~ftAMC'r$R, ANDSIGNIFICA.'NdE oJ.\' :''riftl: ; " ',' , ,.,' j,"-" !. ~,r - j (,

'i,' f\UQl.!ST,REYOJ.,l)'~l(,l.N"

'I c4~ra.,:terpf,the August.R~voJ,utJI?,n,: ,:', Ii The:August ,R~N.@ltitiO{l')Vas !t,r.evq)uH01i :q£,natioIjal

, 'Uberation, Jtaimeqat liberating the, We:tllaiinese; p,6,Qple " "£rom, the colonial 'yokeandmakJng Vietn/l.m al'! ttrJ'Jepeu.

,dent nation." ' ':, ",,',; :"J ' , , , ' . I

,'}f0wever,'becaii~e 'It' struggled ag/tinst';the Japanes;e , land ' French fits<iists as, 1.I1eli lIS their lackllyll, the feudal ,teacfi6nltries; audbecause 'it Jconfributeda;pavt, "though small', in, the' greatworicl'anti-fasciststtuggle, ithad':the

,'iQh~raofer of a ,democratic r'1!volution', thoul)'h Ii has ,not 'ab6lishedall thevestige$0ffeudal~m in:: Vi~fuJ.am, nor realised agrarian ret,i'>fl11' sci as: todistrlhute the Hind ,held by,t:h~, l~U1dloi'ds, to the, peasatits. , ",,'

Inthepr~s~nt historic condit'ions, a colouial revolution mus,t,have, .the following,double character: first, it must, ,bean anli-imperialist, 'revolution aimed at overthrowing

',the imperialist dom.inatfon, and sec,oll<\,it must be an :aIVarianrevol'u/ion'so as .toconf).scate the. lands <lithe' .fetidatlandloId~anddistribute them to' the peasants,

, .The>~lIgusfRevolution has only aimed.!).t ov~rthr()wing . 1he imperialist rule' and. that of the iellcjalpuppets, and setting'up .tl)e'demo.pratic replI,bIican.regime ; but it has ll,otaboHshed landownership by .theJeudallandlordc~ass I" and alJ>othe'r vestiges offeudaIisU'l to create~onditions'"

·.':.ii>Lindllstrjal • atJd, cOnlmercial development, Thanks to'the AugusJRevpllliioi), a, pprtiofloftheimperialists

. andtraitl;>ts· 'la.nds haveiJeen confi'scated;land. rents " '," '" , ' -, ",,' , " ,"" . - ,

:'"

.. 4ave ~€\n re4u~,q,h~ii5 ,p~~,q~nta,ndl~pwe\'lf the91d , ," qompollnd,i/)ter'¢~te,<ifdeptshay,~,b~lin canM~le4. HQ1Never.

~n the a,grarian: n,eld; g~njlfaJlr,~ei>~jng. t}:l~ r,~!~tionsl:)~, . tWeel'llandle>f(j,~ ana pe!lS:<V)l.t~ hll-v~ rwt~l)aFig~:d,iI'lwr¢folie we;, ~a)l' $8iY, tl)at,tth~gh .. '*~~lIg#~tRevplU1<ion ,has. a demlloliatic oha;raQ'te,f,,' thj~: ~GhJjJa9t"r"is n9t st~<;'P.gfy mar~ed,enollgh, "I, ' . . , ' '

:,:')$ol!\~,peQple l)a*eisaiChtJ:iat;:' bec'flil'lsethe " Aug,Nst Revolutibn ha.s abolished. the tmperial Governm~lit w~th 'J'~J!JmaGhiMXy,C,OJ,n\>qs.e40r ,mahda;r~ns . apd ,!}ot~J:!lI1.s., it

'.\las,';". disttnetly apJhfft)l<),,1 characJ'er: 'S')lt,1;>]' al;>,Q1is9)ng tk'e bnpf'xiald{pv.ernment •. w.~ h'!iv,e, a;boli~lIed ,cip,\yon~

,. as.pect.,,of ,the f.ewlat i ~~i!Uei;'beG.a\lse,itl\. b,aj;is "wAi,c.\l , ':, is 'IlQ~±edJl(j)w".1~1l',tb;e,£'e~lj.tj9P~'bet\Ve~n: )anqlor,ql,§'lI-n(!

peasllIpros i.n th;~ '$/,irairioa;n lleld,$s, .~tilla!i:v~.t!l~ ~~wt~1 -reg:ime'is $tiUln:e,xist~n~e ,'~e.}n ll~tsee, t@ it tl},itw,e advance the;antf!.feud~lst1uggl~. :a.n4:pot 9,~c'complage,I1,'t

',:'a6o)lt.theachieveim.en~s '9£tbe A~gust Re,yol~tj?'h' :' ,', ::" '., I t:!s,cMilt,i(:fu:attbeA1!1I'g:mt ;Revo'1U:tionhasesfaplis~ed'

. ji!;Viethama'd~mocril>tic' 'repultlkan regime,ha".hlg' .tlW . , tharattetof 'it,? ew idem96racYi ~opii!lat,repre$elrtail~n.·.· ' has'tleeil\Widet\yesta:1DUs.he1A at'ikI11'e~.els~! uqiversaI

, " . stitlr,agei':"6:p~'Pl~te i eCjrtality.bet\\>,e",vthllS/Jl!;\lS:" .witl;f!' , 'delnii'~atk :W'¢\idl;\m~;;'as ,well 'i,aspersorlaL,libertyi,.al1d, ,

, " ,. .. ,,' ,1'," _', ,_.',. ., . , , . _ ~ , ',,' : ' : equ:ality"1iej;wee;a 'ltU:l1ati.;p:ltlitie~,!big ,and 'small •. have

, '" , , be,<:li>; ~romulga:t"'~'lii$fi~ii~giVSle, of 'PQPllla,x,ass~D,1bly. , msui'i!llg "tlit¢<l:il~Wilf.~'\'ie~,.'l'lll'l:"ei!>ecq1itv:~.:;po,w~rB';9..f •. ' thl! '." , P.etj~lei'iilis ,be~::iEi$~a:P:l.i~~l'\I!!>jrd;~h()til,e,x~ts ' .• ll; ;!fleffiq;" ",

/,,~~o'rff~ei,'o:Q~I?~t~l\Y,\dj~~iiel'lt·.· fpOw.,bq~rg;~,()is ' . .• ··.'.~&I1'!iI).1nent~~,?em;~ra'cl\';:wb,i()!i;~g~~~t~ t.hl).iP,~9pl~.~QnIM· ... D\(, "~~~al1t~h~t:I:i)'i(X(I,~),{i~']irq~C!s~~s;);~Ii;q}i!1 .. ~dttp~~I!1~i" .... ~;"',,~~.~~v,errifueiJ,'t)i~:;~tlllti eC.Qn9~k¥1lC'~or.i~~te:'t~~¥ .. ·,· .• ·. )'" ' . 'r "!'. <;,;';:,:;" , ' . • ,';;::, ;,.,. ;', '

"':;::/: ,,", ' .. ,' ,. i;' .,':";",' ". _.· .. ,":"~~',':i.>;:<,. ", ';"<u.> ' , " , ;'",'" " ., ; ,":;', "',) .. "<",~.',,+:"~,:,::,:r,, '" 'or 'jilt? iIi' .,', .'''\.':;~~~f'~~;.,:':... ",' ~!.,'~.·,":i;"::'.;:;,'.'.,~.,i"";'·"" .. ',,':r,:: ..• ,:.~.;.":,.,' .•. ;,'<,.'j,~.'""",,.,',;.: .... ;.'"""".:',',,',,~,':,'.:.:;.:,"".:;.'.~.:.',,'.'.:: ..•. '.:, ",:, " ,;.,C ";:',' <.:. " '-." ,';';:,;.~'·~,;~:;:i~'·':" ~:.::._ -:- ,_,; ~~~. ~f~'_~.':.:>: .-,'.. ,:;;'~;\'.<: ::f.;;~;!\~:y:::;:~'~j<" ::i~~.:.": >::~~:~:~~·:~':;,;£,,·I,\~\t:pf;>J::':/<':)

shape;thepeople'soonditionSd:(', life: are improved; attention, is paid to the 'life of the working and peasant masses ; the 8-hour-w6I'king d'li.yis officially recognized; the' proletarian dass' now actually holds power, etc .. ; , AII'these facts makei't amply clear that the Vietnamese regiIi)1i 'is that of a ,democratic republic of, a new style quite different from the old-style bourgeois democratic regime (forexal1llple the Fvench b6urgeois parliamentary regime). ' ' ' ,

However, the democratic regime in Vietnam is djffe~ renffrom the, present Soviet democratic regime: Indeed; tIie'de,mocr~tic regime in Vietnamgllarantees the inte\-ests'ot:a:II'sociaI strata, While the parliamenta.ry repuMiCan regime in France is a disgti~se<l dictatorship, of the bourgeoisie'; '1)nder the doak of. democvacy the bbur!(eois' class exerts a dictatorialpowei- which;defends oilly the il1terests of, amiilority of'te1l:ploiters, the capit<!Jists. M; f 0~I:tM Sbviet delh0'~raUc republican reg-hue:, it is: a.regime, in; which the proletarian ;c1a.ss· offici'itllyexemisesthedictatorship,s1)ppresses all VIlS;' Hges of the; ,exPl!!>iting dass (landlords, bourgeois <\\1d ' kulaks), and'gilarantees the widest interests aiM! hi.bouringpeople (workers,peasl\nts, ihtelle¢.tuals). W119 . liberated ,themselves' and 'are <;Qoperating toJ)1)iUk:a, new life under the leadership. of . the proletatial'), c.1.'!~s.

',l'he republican democratic. regime in Vietnamds in ~eepillgWlththestagebf d~v¢lopmentOfouvcoJ1llti!Y',aM .

. Wfththe presentwerldde;ni.ocratic.niovement.f\l)aUih.i1 ha!vbeen'estal:!lished hl..a backward.agricultu.~al,c·ou~tiry, itca~ries anew arid,'Pl\9g:ressivecharacter,J;>,e.c£iise'it..wa~:,

"born of thehardantl fietcestibggfe\.:,a.gili1'si~:tp;eF~encli and Japanese>fascists,' outol tbesifiluggiefornati9Ml.

• ',.'J, .

, ,

liberatiohIedby theproletitrian class. A struggle' led by the mosf revolutionary class 'against the mostteactiooa:ry enemy must cbe:crowned, with the ,installation of a 'non'· conservative regime;'quite':the reverse of t,he retrograde, regime of the ,eMtfly~ " , '

MoreoV'er>ffdur regime has the 'chatat:ter' of a new democracy, tMti isb<\()!luse it was''b'orna:t' a time when the' vanguard democratic reginie of the Soviet-Union has ftilly triumphed 'over its eneniies, 'and' is being consoli­dated after surviving: the' terrible test of war ,after the coIla:pse of th:e\vorId'system offaScism/artdwhile the greatmovemeIito'f progressive democracy issprea:ding throughout" the 'world.

,Born i\1 the "new times, the democratiC republican regime in Vietnam 'inevitably ·bears the mark 'of the new times.l'he'AUgust ~evolu!ion is ,a revolution oinational liberation in its form aM tone; df"'new democracy in its content. In other WoO'r#s. the August Revolution, jsa revolution of nationalliberatio~' witli a, new demo,cntic character.:1tconatttutesastep·imthe ,national demo~tatic i'evolutien of Vietnam. ' '

i:.H , I'

",TbE!. hi&.tol'ic significan(!e of,~he '" , ' 'A\lgust Revolution,', ,;""

, The Atl~ti~~Rev61utibnhashighlightedthe iridomit­,able spirie'of the Vietna!p.esB'people, a'pedple who are struggllri~ U:!l'tirill~)y'tO'S:ha:kebfftfi'e for~ignyoke. It 'is the c6mpleti@J)'bf' '$6 ·y~ars:of. un'iriternipted' struggleo! theV!~tll((fu~se.people 'agliirist the Frenchcbforii1l,Hsts. It

.lJ;ls~c6listitutes the' gteatest]iistoric'evtmfin 61ircountry 'liiil,~i!theiVoi'c~<#nitirietr br'QuimgTtung'wlllldrove the .. MaJicl1utfbdp§'out, ofViefnamin 178'9:"In'lact, since' .

,-,'

. . " ",:,:' "

1:ht~n ther.eh;t~ heen !"iljl/l{t.,ic,mitf.lllovltinen,t whiph has, a~ . fll/Jy ·,;tS Jh.e .A,l\gu~t RevokutiQI!,.gi\',en\7v,idelfc.e. Qf tpe i,ndQmitl}ble hero~sm· all{l ,O! tIw ~t}10ng:·llIji.WQ£ ,therVlet-

. nal1leSa: p~ople.: I t haNlottw.reI:Y',~,r(?l,<:¢Il,the,<lQ~~le y.~l<:e imposed by the Japanese and tlie"Fr~m;h>,b\1(j:;it ha,Il.;ll:lso

.. Qvertp.~p'wp,t/1\i,PlL9n¥fjJ.~~ r~;~iffle:~~t~Ws¥%lJOJthou­sa1;1i=1s of', y~;trJl)n -, Y~'"tj.Wm., .. ,cp.§~~d, lOne! IC(),~\1tn:inAQ 'ilP~W. d,ell\c>pnlt,ic ,~ep\lbJi.,c" pro/lWtiIlj;·the, YiTtlfame~.~ people to t/l,e;raAk ,9Jdl ,Ya,f!g~'I-~d l1e'i'pI~,·· :TMF~W 1ies:tjJ.~ great s~grdg9,a!lCelOi tlle,A;ugusF:R~y.Ql\j-UQ!1 ;;tnr;lPre~ir dent,;f.IQ GJ»!Min\l),~He firstrLe<¥4~nt;:of t,p.e pemocratic ~eJi'l;lbljQ of V.ill;tillallhthe,'l~a,detQf ttle iA,ugllst, Rer;oJu­tion, thoroughly deserves the. titl~<;lf:patiflna} ,hero.

; " Thtrollgh.' :the' .·Ahgus,," RevolutiQ,n,th~'Nietn8linese people. ha,vedearlyshown,:thek. ,anti4ajiblsf spirw . and their attachment to ,Ctem6cracyand peltce. The·r~oJ.ution

. ~'on$titutes the splenaUi:l completion, of.,tille ,great: mo\le • .ment ,.against the French arid J~pa:nese ·fa;scists .ihNiet- . nam<i1ul'ing W:or1<i1:. W;tr, n, ;.especially .. ,from' :MarcIl last 'year .. Before the. Augu~t 'Rev.olutfun;the :Vieiinalillese peoplestnl~gIed in very hardcQm:ldt.d:oris' to. ha>rass)and exhaust tIle rear lines of the Japaneseiorces.Frolllthe ·end of 1944i'1ihe'Jitpati~Se'-slia"litr~1!;W&re atltacked by the Allied forces ; IndQdMha;'had>ibecol!ie'~V' Qridge" over the

'. J ~p,a~el'e ", Gfea;t :Ol'i~t{l1 Asja,RP~d", :abi'ir1~~extr.~mely .... ...... ,. . .....• tl;te:tli\0Yellj,ent.. .' .~UPR1Y~.QfJ~i1i'al):eM,:.

Ncmthe.rn. : I\ld9n~sia." . .Ym¢e~:,l;V!\~

the'Vfe~~~e}~~~~Pte"to:~~iaftM~i~~'~\r~f.¥A1:Ja~9JB;; ese strategi!i'PQ$itions,thus· ~~llsiTl.'g.~·IJroc:kiirithe t'£~ffi:(J; of tb;e \:;;r:'Papese··ij:¢irf)H~ "G~6at Otiti1.tl!<t;~A;S&' !ro~4"

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~~f~f1al~1~yt~~~it~{~~1:~~~~i~1

" .

Japallese. aptt1!l,{ltign,lllst' August tp rise,up, a,nd win, , demOG~acy ,an4 ,fre~c19m (Ij",., . '

Bythtffa:et "f,the Augllst Revolu'iion, the Vjetlllllll~ . ese peQpie hil'v~lodg~dt"isg~ner,alcJailll to the)J.N.O.: th~, (;reatPqw~r~ '!1!u~treqo,gni;e the, right to ~~lt,d~ter1Jli­nfltio,n ,01.ih:e,',V;~~t1Jqmese. peopl~",tn,acqar,4~'I!.c,e 'I!Iith,)h~ Atlantic. rmd :Stl{lll!:rp,n.ci~coir;M.rt~rs".1).s a ,lla,t)lf:":l,cons~.­quence 'Rf .. t!J.~ Japa1!es~, qolJ,~p~e':ial:lp,eopl,~~, I lIll;4er, t,he, Ja,panese,yo,~e ,l}Iustpe lil;>e~\tt~c1' 81j1<;l ll\,PlldY,Il!'lISf, b,e a4~pw(jd! tp.,eplace the ; J a,pan~se I • .iJ? ... opp.r~s,sing ,'. a~fl'" e.xploiting,th.~ll),J;h.e V.\eth~~S~ people,.bllve spff~red' from, J a!i'\l1\~s,ecl6mllaa,tl!,!n .slIl,ee, ,I94q.~)ld tpey;)w Xe w0r~hiIM played: the;ir,,part sicle,. bysW~ wi~~ .t!J.e 4mfl~, in .th~,struggle agaillst""the,' J {lPa.nes~~ ,t,hustl,leY .filllly deserve, ~heir jndepend,enp~. Jhe Yie:~l)amesepeoJ?)e ,wVI r~sotutelyoppOsedh~1 retutn,;o( the Frenc4, p,ppressors; a~ ;. \V~llas, the,regillle"qf ~," map~atel:l~o~lllt~X: :"1 beca,)j~r:; theyhavea;lrea~yattallled thelr,lll\l-Hmty .. ', ' " ",' .. , TheAugu~t, RevolutiQn~lld, the,wa.r ;Qf"selhlefence wa:ged'.fot,."almo~t. ay~ar:by: the Vie,tna,!I)ese"people aga.insttheFt~:n:ch rea:ct.i~n.arie~havieHrqcl\linwd thtlse eager la.spirati9ns 'to the. ·Ii!o~d,. T4ey $\lowc1ea,rJy ',tha.t " .' the i colonial:,iJI(periaJist. ,~y:stel)l. is ,(:lisil);tegr!ltingail~ .

I ',' . L' ~. ",J .. ','

'I •• :' ,,' ': _, " "'" ,':', • ':': -,,, , " <i/-' ,- _, ";_-,'," , \i-' r .,::

. . '(i)The'pe0l'les <.)f :SurIba. Malaya, and .6f ~he'~J;dllpl'iil~f alsd'orgaIibM gUeTilIa' 'forces to re$is.t the J "l'ajles,;' "i,n\viJ,defs but:' wh~n the Jai?an~$e,::surr.uder took:pl ... e,th<iir,fcij-~.~,:w:ere still insufficient. ~O" cop,e"wjt!l,.tAe.inv.a~i~ri,:.of'·th~V:$i •. and)3l:i~ish

. iirtlt\erialists; 'who werelilOre,!'9lYerftl} th~ftheir: cp~!S;~nersl;,. ~h,e '. F:repch and the, Dll1;ch. Therefore;.m. S)i>li:e' of theIr" relattvelY·

'. big.'~lfoWi'~~l>d15ilerl'tiIiIi~i',thel.\!tfi\.ggl~Shaye' IiWbrtlugl\.l1a&ltnpor-, t!i';l1i,~~.u(.tl!;.taa, '1lIlose"tfutl>ltted' 'bY ' the·peopl.slo1Illdon.s)a>;' China I

~;'.,~d·Yi~naQ:l~;/:'"~):~):'~''' ;,;i:i' ,.': ." .,'.;::k;;>~~<;.:"· , ' ., .,.

' •. .oJ 1"

..... 'j ,,"' .

tha~ the hour. of liberation hasstr.uc.k f<:Jr.the oppre~seli Peoples. The Vietn;tmese. Revolution,.Ji)te"the Chinese ;l.pd Indonesiap. Revol11tigns, strongly promotes ~he

liber,ation. movements.oi the Laotianalld Camqodiiln Piloples and Q~her ,polonial countries in South~EastAsia,: .

. this fact ei>Plains clearly why, ~he. British jmperi8llists have done their best to help the French. colollialtsps to ,eptess the VietuameseRevolut.ion in S~\1~p. Yietnil<D,l, am;l··why the internatiGl1)a\ rea,~tioI).ar'e.shave.· made <l9n.cessi()ns to oneanotl\er tq"llow 'theFr:ench toLrelieve. thetro.ops 9£ .Chili,ng-~8Ii:"She);: .. In ; Nqrth .. Yietnal)l ... :. '. '. In fact, frpm September z3 last year and all thl'<l>ugh our struggle waged .agairlstthe French, O·llr forces have met the British, Indian,French .and Japanese troops in .

. many a bat tIe. Our strllggle, of self-defence has. unveiled' thqperfidio us schemes of the inter\lational reactionaries. It has exposed before wo,rld opinion that froliJ. the start of their landing in Indo.::hina, the. British troops, only ,commissioned by the AUiesto disarD,l and repatriate the ..

. 'japanese soldiers, instead6fseHing to this task of repa­triation, u.sed many of these soldiers to'hdli" the French .. colonialists to: coun'ter-attack the VietI).ameSe Revolution.: and repress the Vietnamese people's struggle of SlOW liefence;thu$/,W'¢'ca!:isay thatth~ Vietnamese people are not (igh/¥'ng j~j;t~~mSlipl)es o'1ly, .butalso to. a certain degree, Nrt~e,d;"t~nc~/iaf''lflorid'Peace. . ..

1\ t .th.e. endot.:t1:ib;,~J,i~i:f~sSist war, th~ task of' ~ll\ . . progressive world fd~~es'i,~.t0.d~~elopdem09racyan:d' /.quildpeace. With t\Ie A ugU~t>~wolu Honand thepresellt, It~~istl\n:ce WIl:~~the;",'V'ietn~iile,s~.pefJpl~:>have~1t<1Uldered

" ..••..•..... apa~t of the lfesp~psi1:>ility Jo"tp,l1ilthi6misS~()Il. side ..... bY;~Wwi.ththe .progresg.iv~C'~lldf1il~QcratiG. forces

, , ,'"\;' _. ,'. '.

. stiliggllnglora"bett6JCworld, 'Wh~theto~elikes. jtot . ,,' !lot/the' AtlgustRevolution!s'parto£ the.gteitt movem~nt . '.of/n'l,nkhlil for th!l'bulldillgofpea:ce andd;,inocracy, ,The

... ",iet'Flll.meSepeopleJullyundersta 11d '. theirjMerriational .• f?le.!ttthis l?o~t,W!trp¢riod,Tliey' ate.'deterniined, to' ...•. . fdlfH'~his"task; 'whateyd the obstac1es may bel " ', . . ~'(.:1;~s'isPr,e.cisellY:t4ereasoIi why the' August Revo~

." lifiio'h i~,w~1'#tly~cbla:ifu~c1i byprogtessive opiIiioIi"~n:d.> .• Why' ~li~ V:{~tnii,it)esli,p~'w}e,ltowelljoytokell's' of s'6lidap ,

.' ,rity'" antI' sj'rt'i.i5athY··,ftbm..··a1t.· democratic ·c,ounttieS'· .,' thtQugll,olit'''A:!le:'W6tid. ··.espeda~lf '£tqu. 'tIie 'oppressed

,Peo]S:tah: ' :'.' , " '. ' i

·, "'" "CHAF'lFE:R"VI";'''''''! .,t, ,'I .'

, ,,.< ::,', ,1(-',' 'I', i!l --",', ,l:l',f';;' r.,';;'_,!.' i' :r' ,; :mj: 'j,.il:;. i PRPSI;'};P'I;~. or i T,a,J!:; "Y~~Tlll'l.l\\\1E.~¥. ,".1

.. ".' '1' 'c.·· .,.,~I!1VQ1iV,'f,i1iO;iN";,. "I'" CI.d "nn!"" "1 ; I' (')', r' 'r '"r '-)!~t t'.-·.\)",'l, .,,:\' :L':_:'\\')I \1,_!"-"~

.. ,.'"ra.v04P19.WI;~<!J,l:4.ftj?II;~",oUJ1,/l,)YieJ9wnl\~,el .. ii " "I" " .'. Devolution' , 1 "',">,_P >"'.' ,,'.1 . ,I ~,. ,'·r'· J ,"'(r: 1;, \. I,';' \ , ,:,1',1'

. j;, "What.conc1ition§, 'wiI1l!/;dy,~npe.,th!B; Vj!ltIliL.lIlM.e, ~e,vo,

)u.tion ",ndelll!ur~,;i~ ~1\1,'Vi?~oW ? ,'; " •• :., •..• .1,' "

,:.c;1ifere·anj·"tw.(jli1PP9dl\ijtiOOl'\dit~ollS ; ,,[,,ii, .,. ,f. :First,'subjectivelyl'spe'akd1j'gl'the Vie,tnam:ese people;

Weil5'bited ·for"'a'long· time \lllFJJcler,;the·.,Frenchy.oke: and recently by the' dOIN'ble' &ppreiision Land'iEixploitati<!ln,of the· French, and •• Ja,plI<ltE!se ,fjj,~Gi~.1i~4. ,h",y~ r.'wM.~e<;l; 1 that only ReVlol ution OGlIl ,lip!lJ;ate.t\lem. '. q9~el:v ijni~i\d;·¥;rl<;ler the national banner they are determined to support the Republican @nei"llt:r1entl inJ Jna,dE1~)ol\liberation and natib,jl;a1re'form. :il'1l;e<:N Ij.tiqllft1, :Un~t~d Xr.qiJt,nJl,d,~r the rem'lr 1<a bJe" le,a<iershi p. "o~fue:~id~nt .!;Io", Rh l.))1iI)i), ,.an<f with: :the' Mo,.c" of! nationa,!:. ~i!iIV\ltjpJh~md.,;<;l:6m9fw,aqy,-;; the .:Wet\1linh ...,..a~H~lb",~e\':jWiJ.l jC,e,rtainl,}':", I!4lbifllY~! it~ dutiY <il~" TJlobili~i:ng'i~he;iw.qol~\.',p\,oPJe", tQ ~QllUt~L!I¥ reabU<ilna.r(Y' fOl'c¢aH,o"~ljc~~,l/.ll <;lidjlcJI!tj~s ,a.nd,9ib~t'lI#S all(;l.'lll1~~ch· fofWil.P.d, .• : J "i. J" "'.', ',L" i •. ie'

" ' . 'Se6ondly;dr(!)lIlh,the,.objedti;.r~,'.poinr ofj;vi .... w,i • s)n¢e the ,world; war; 'theL iriterhfiti<imW ,.eictn.artiPll I,has; .!:tt\P1;I;g!l,t hew.ipt<1ispectsto ,thW¥ie!tnaii:neBel ReJVolntiibn,:)ihe .;ll'lv,iet UnjO''IIi''completely'Viototi6us'i n,aB,,1i>ec6~e(an ~mviIlPi.l:lIt ~o'¢e I· In' se,veral i dou,n tries, '.' the' Q@ffi1'jlllniJlt llll ~rty, .has b!t1ganiMd c, \}'(l)wer;: o:r.:takem.pa1'tr inv.d:t, "'i.e'\'!r,<ilemoor~tic in'b~~memi.t~' arE;rdeve~l!>pirlg 1inman:)t),cQrilmttri,ea, f~~lPe~w,I)f .ttp·thosd:J'1;~st ;1i'~lfitted!Arot:il Jill' jfascb,ic )'$k~dr' t,llj)

-iI>l,-'

movement for national. liberation is boiling up in

colonial and semi-colonial countries. After the collapse

of fascism, the impedalist system· has grown weak. The

movement for the consolidation of peace against interna­

tional reaction has attracted the majority of mankind.

The Vietnamese Revolution, 'as part of the world move­

ment of peace and democracy, is inevitably deeply

influenced by the internatioI)al progressive mo,vement.

The Vietnamese Revolution ,also stands between

the revolutionary streams of China, Indonesia and India,

from which it receives, a good influence and with which.

it is in tune ;.at the same time the Vietnamese revolution

exerts a considerable influenge upon those movements.

In short, the Vietnamese Revolution has sufficient

conditions to march forward strongly to final victory. '

Objectives, to be achieved

Nevertheless, no matter. how impdrtant the achieve­

ments' of the August Revolution ate at present, we must

recognize this objective truth: the national liberation

tif Vietnam has not yet completely succeeded. The August

:Revolution seized power for the' people, but from

S~ptember 23, 1945, the French colonialists attacked us

and partly wrested it back. In the South of Vietnam,

they set up the puppet government under Nguyen

Van Thinh and reestablished their domination in some

towns. According to the Preliminary .Agreementof

March '6, 1946, Vietnam and CFrance came to a compro­

mise: France agreed to· recognize Vietnam as a free

state having its own Government, its~ Parliamel'lt. its

army':'anditlf 'own; system ,of finance;,' Vietnamagr'eed .

to remain part of the iFrencJi' Uniol'l; French troops

-.52 -

were given the right t<;> stati~m on. the territory of Vi~t~am lor a fixe~ period!> an1. generally ;~peakiJ?~, French economic and cultural. interests',In Vietnam

,_ .' '.":'" '" .'"., '_ to:!' '. ate to be en~ured. So, our country . is only a' free state, . but not yet a completely independent on~.

What ·.Is· complete independence? ·.the . ~Iiole. of Vietham from'Nam QuantoCa' Mau must'be"'placed

. unde~ the people's power organized by the peopte; there should be no foreigntroops'on the' t~rt<itory;Of Vietham; Vietnamese economy ·must be .:independent, not tied to French economy or toJ th'atr.ofanycountry; Vietnam ·must develop ,its'~ation9J1 culture .. ··lri a.word, the' Vietnamese . peopk :must .. be ·the masters 'of their coUntry .. .in' eVMy 'resPect ·alld .the· Revolution' for national liberation lljust ;c,Qmpletcits. task. of,· sha~ter­iJ,1g 'all ilnperialistllonds.

The .. Franco" Vietna,mesel'reliqlinary Agreemel;lt as;.we~l as the Franl!~cVjetnamese. treaty whi,~hmaybe signed soon are not 1I1tiI!1ate., aims but .only t~mpQra,rY measures .inQ~der ,to give ou.r .,people .. }1 mOJlleqt;s breathing space in which to.cQnsolidate:.th~ position; of, the' d~J;Il0Hatic repllplicl}n r;egime. ,brollghtinto.; beifig,PY. tl\e August ~~vl"~utiqn,; tH1(~trengtiJ,en.opr :r~atfQrce~ ~o march towa.vg,s :,~h"l!-e.W sJag!i~... ..1. .... . .;.,h, ..

, Th~ VietnaIl;l~$~t;~~lI?j!!tiPllll!-1f~t.u,nce~singly ~rQ, gr~s~" sOIl;letim~~.qWcltl:£, .. S\Wll~times '. s19,wly, spmetimes I?~, .)~aBs an1.~q?iiil~ ;,;s~mMi~~f:st9~pl.il~.fo~ati~e • t.o r,ega,m breath.'9~~v~,,~,:,~t,eg bIfC~W(l:.r~s tQ(:)~mp . ~¢rQs~ a dee,pdltph.~.s,brr,-~~\me~~o.d,g!ng. to .ay6ida~

i;Q,~~~,~c1~.soast0J.'e\l?~r~~;~.?ly~ts ~~~L ; . ii,' /" " .. ;, ,;:Rw~ng .th~. c~}'lr~e, oflt~a~v;,,19P~;~t: ~~e.t!et~~'}f~· ,~~,t!~ryqj~~l~~ .~~~tjl,ot! ~~~¥JUl~I,.l~S~!]\l~~1Ppenal!~t

-,~3 -

task but also complete its anti-feudal task which is laQd , reform. 'Because so ,long as these tasks are not rea!'i~ed, Vj~tnam wllinot getr,id of .itsoackwardness al1d bec6me really strong an<\ prosperous;, so long as these tasks are not realized, people's happiness cannot' be guar,uiteed.

I~deed. t~ b~~o~e prosperou~ ~db.appy, Wetn,am, now an, agricultural, ,country, It)].Jst change into aJil il1Pus­trial one, ,(j:Jecause oIlly with '3;' deve19pedin,dustry Can ,a country prodUce su:ffiwent" arms, for its natiQnaldefence a,!d sufficient 'goods for the ,peo,ple'$ weU,being). But the long imperialist &dminati<l)!Il, has always kept Vietn,aro in, a backwarcl agric'ulturalstate. The French imperialc !stsmonop61ized heavy industry for French 'capitalists in France 'and 'established' only light industry in' Indo" c,hina . .In the deveiopmentofsinan 'industry, the qapitalists dfbUtiea\!ntry suffered from'impeiialist competition, while" under 'the'Frellchaind !Japa.nese

, dbmiha1i'on, the question of' Inst'alHl1g 1iea vy industry was far beyond their rea.ch.Thus; 'the ,French im­petialists 'h'ilJtlijp6Hz~dheavy "indust~~ With the aim df' compEitHrlg' Vietnam'to','consuhie"th'eir' gO'ods,"and pre\'ehtil:ll'iln~Olnpe'fiiibri' ~ith:t them: ',HoW: canan essentially agdculturalcountfy c'iiinpefe, WIth a • co~ntry, ' wlHcIl'ittis '~" d~V~lO~e'd, n:~a:vtfdiltlstry ?ltcannot.That l~ why" to qec?nl.c: apr9siiijio~s' coi,ln\r,y:' 'yi~tnamthu1it

, 'g~t' free:i'ot,~I.t' '.imp.eria1i~f'li4R'S';a!l~!1.~~:V,erRP its 'r1~ayy 'indlistry, s'O: alt!i)e, ,co~~I,~t~1~h~~r!l,te4' ,from f6ref~rt

,ecoiiomic sUboi'din,~ti0#;~\FN~'r!li.r~i1gi~h~'tit must"D~, 'i "i,~,~,~fe~~~t;t li~il~!W~f?-Jlqijl,f¢, ;~~l~';'iil;~,wen,~si~" po~jt,

jCl).l,and, ", cult.ural!fields. ,TheVletnam~se, Revolution ,ha~ h8rye't'~l\'o~6Ukhj9i;;:~~lished~it ltiilperiallst priv1leg~s

" ' '.

from our country., put has only restricted them. It n)llst p~ogress }urthei to flllfjl its ap.ti~irnperia)i~ttask.' '

III the otherfteld,: the' French, imperialistsconf1-nued to nlaintilin all forms of feudal exploitatiqn'to mak~ use of. them' 'in order t.o el'ploit 01,lrpeople more alld more. In the ,rnoulltaino1,ls regions. even today, they contin1,le to carry..out serfdom ,and forc~d labour. In the, delta, .thetenan~y ,regime with high landrellts, is still mailjtailled, Moreover there, are still heavy .tal(es, lin<;l

. req1,lisitiqning, side by sidewiihI.!'lany privil~ges for a few.l\ILost of the, PeopJearepeasants 'linG! they are cruelly exploited, and asa reSult, mallY qf them have· beqome impoverished; they sanllot conthlUe,to ·live ill the douD,~ tryside and hlive to go,to the towns Ijoping to ftridj<;>,bs in factories.;. but as. industry inqur country cannot develop, the. few enterprises:which exist (factories, ritines,

. ' '-, ",' ',- ,',-.. ' 'r \

plantatfons,etc .. ,)call qnly, employ .a.. small.' nuniber of these peoplewhHetheremailldergo to 'increase tb,e ranks. of the "ReserveariI\Y·· forilldustry", .' in other words, thearmyoLllnempk.Ye.d OJ. vagrants. The greater. the uumberof unemplqyed,theJ,9wer .the wage,~:: The very Ipw wag~s~ave, ,a,cO?s1detable influence on~rchlli1¥ impro:verne-llt:in ag~icn1\ureandindustry . .:\~ the ~~plOlt~' a tiollo'lch'~aRl~lJ~r)Y~~, 'sp,ffiCient. for their • ow:~tl1t~r-

.. ~$ts, the c()l()Il\!)lj~t~¥Ud ti9~ ~otlwi to improY~,P~oduc· ti<m techniques, and a~'~:r~s~lt"tl\~:e~QI.l0m;y o.~Yi~tnam upd~l' the imperali~t:yOk~':':Vasuna1;ll¢:to, e$cape. fr.:>m

.~t!i{d~ir~lfJ('flt~%,9j:~1~~i,A~1:ie}~:m~~r:~~~i~'~;~j~; e,li:pl()lt~<L In~rLagrJcultprli! CCl)~!1try lrlli~"p,urs ,~U' ~j>ea)<ing' .of'the;people,'s,h!)pVt.i{ess'VI,f~u,sL.~1i'eak Qf .die, improyeineM,ofthli peasal1ts'and'wot)<~~$' .Jife,

" ;",':' 'I ,', ,J',", "':' '. ','-'f '-',',' :'., , .",'

",' ,_t ---: '

. pati:icu)i';~lywl,leJl :neatly go wiT: ce:rit6f'Wpeoplea:re' peasants. Butl\owcah the peasitilts' living cO"ditions

be effectively improved if they, have'not'enough land to

till ?'l'herefore, 'the question'of tile people's happiness

is basically' one Of giving land' to· the pealiants .

. ' • Flna'UY, fat thisreasoiV the' r~gimeof feudal and

se'mi-£euda:l exploitation mUst '\Ie' i.:MlIsl\ed, and oland

to the tillers ". must be realized. So fat; 'the :Vietnaniese

Revolutiollha'S"onIY"restricte'd' ti't1tFfeudal and se'mi'

feudaFex!?loihitioil, .It. must progress 'further to realize

taha reform 'and wipe out all vestiges of' feuda:tism;' In

.1:Itief,theVletnamese Revolution 'musHulfil both tlie

atiti-imperia:\ist and anti-£eudaltasksto realize indepim; •

. de-:t1:ce;;ifte~dii>mand 1iappines~for . the people .. In of her

WordS; it niust complete the task' of dem6cratiz'ation

to'vave the' wayto.·.the so~ia:1istrevolutionin the future!

'fo sdcialize~ll m\\ans'of proJtictjon, abolish fr6lirVietnafu

the teginHiiof e"Xplbitatlonofman ibY'nHin.'·· '/, >," ";,: :"'[,;, <. i _.J.<'" '. ,: '. ',~ l:', ""

pJ'oellis$ ot dev¢!opmertt oftlie'Vietnam\lse RevolUtion

1'h;/wrohg:.c1inc~1j'd6n"·or: .~HeJ' 'piogt'ess •. Of the

'VX~~na1).1e$.~ R~ volutlohtpus("be'wi ped>ou'f"n6'w." People

'thih,,'tl\a't'Ure Vietna'rliei><~e~dirifion: 'ri:t'!~tl:>r!.ig~¢ss step

bystep·ithaf'aftilr.thet'e'Vb1titlon'o~ natibilalliberation,

. (an1:i·,impendligtj >coiries the'agbl.Hali revolution (anH( > '

, feu~ll.l)'tben th.ndiHi)isti'rev·dlt'ltion:·'· .. i'C';;

, ",; i,:~ <",~c:::'J6 (,~' ''':,'' n ,','J :"', ': \,." '- (>1" """ ',' '( .'~':"'~""1,"

.' ··Th~s . th(l&yo~ ,",succ,ess,ive 'R~6gte,~si!.i:n'~, ~i:ic?tdi1')~

i.oaAl:tfed ),r~. h, CtitJi,hg :tMVi~tln,~e$.·elte~3t\ttll#i,. ','ijlt6

'. tlit~t~tl7s1 'l'~ •... not r!gh,r..· ,~ip:t:~~a,' ': (he .' s?vl~%'\'tjr!rbp" , ':the.oci~i'~l:' state: Ita:s"uri\lmphed Ij.hd thi!in~'w: '~eniddilttfc.

Diol~~~lt~'i~)ia.fjlji d~~~f'fu~nt.At Hdm'I;Jtikle'tiiers!ii , ;/ 'th~"'vii{tn~lnese' '.R:Zolutioh grii>w~.'/~tr0rtg~;.·a:iI~ "',' - -, .

",', ; " ), ~ " " ',0, .',< "

·i.:> ... ,:.;.·5·.'6···.·~· . ,-;'

,'; "

" " , "','" ,,., .' ~." .'

stroag,er ,in the" hands by; "'th'6: iproletarian . class' . in . . '. Pf;~ i· ;t~e,p.l10gre~siv;e(deIll9pi:l}t~c,fpi(lCes',.foM)l' ~~n

.' unshakeablii bloc; In su~h J,1ist.pt;ic conditions,the Revo­lution for the national liberation of Vietnam. can .f,ulftl

· its anti-il!lNe~ialisttask and.attqe. Sam.e timerellli~e, II

p,qr.t.of tM agr.ar,ii\n task,The Vi~tnamese,denw~ratic r~;Y~lutiou:doe~ .u!'t,hay;e to wa~t.for'a;~et<:\rmi!leql ct\lite befOre itbreal{s ,o.u~, but c\lin be realized in the cour~e itself·pf the develo.pmeut .of. new.,dempcmcy l,u

, Vi~tui\Iu, a..develo~m!(lltwhich'fl%'ibe rapict th!1~kSHM) .,the support of thene"Y,.democ~.atlCjlloNemellt, tbrR.llgh~.wt .

. . . tQ,~,wf1fyl .(J;l,arti?1,!huly. in ClUnaa:nd)n France).; and .,", pe,qause ,the,!Iio\leme.n!.,lRF-' the soci~IM",.reyol\litiori Js

· g~qwing ,stea~iJy, a~Lo'l¢J; .theworl~.,.the yi~t11am!'\l\e ~ql'ia!jst .;Rev\>llJ:Fo:rma,y, aIso;.beaphieyed even ,if, H hasnotfflJ tlle'lleGess!l!1;Y,sooi,fljbco.11dit~ons, (for instanc~,i heavy industry is' notyetcleveloped, 'alI/Jprmfi,.o£' ~mil-11 fa.pitalist~pl'1i.tatiollare:llot.·' yet abolishyd etc.,,) As" is .stated. infhe.Com~unist. InterIlational'frqg~i\lllme;

· ··c,.:' ... A/t!J.p1!'glqhe so.cialr,~lati~,nl!of.,ev.~ry ~cQloll;y<an.'lI .. S~lp~'C&!ou¥,~avenoty:et .. ripened,allIl}ovements ~qr

lilati6'llah,/p;p~r~ 9911 .,in,t)a<i~e . c0\111tl!i~s Can· alsodevel0J? il1't,o,,(\,OQ;\ltlltwt, ,,it;~ll.~~~ .J,V,ovemllnts enjoy, .. }np~fJ;i~l!!l' •. ;the'Ii.~I~i~;q,!~1-l1rI;l~ft.?fprolet;t~i!l.n 4iFta~Qf~liip,!a:nd in .' Ke,neral, t~at9t;te~;~p::t~lI~f!~n'a). prQI~~,:;ri~lil. mov~m~t.. \' .

• ,',' ,1'':'" ,." 'I,d "'{:.'.', ;' ,,;./:> ":·::~"1:_'::'. \~';:1~J.:~ ," ,

,·CHA.PTERVII ' " , -,'

THE URGENT TASKS OF'rH.E VIETNAMESE,' . PEOPLE' ',. .

Four chief points, foursiQgM1l9, . After the secoudworld war, the Vietnamese Revol'u.", ,

tion, devdoplnginthe new conditions prevaUing in the , . . world, has severa( allies ~nd enjoys riiuch support. BUt no !liatt'er how favourable conditions are, 'the Revol'Utiort

, might fail if our people" and especiallyourrevoluHbr1ary fighters ,were th' 'go the wrong 'w~y:. ' ..' '"

Moreover, the Frenchreaetionades, collaJ;j(>rati#g with'the~nteri:iationaJ reaetionaries,are'6arryingoiili'll per'ficlious poliey designed to rob ,ils of out poWer.: Offi" . cia:!!y, theyreeoghizeourcountry asa free stafe.i,but . in actual fact ,tliey wanl! tomakeoi61i'teountiy' art autono'Ihe,ns""one> . :-",,' ;.' i'J',- .,.-,,', ,"r{'-;"<i':

'Under tnecov-er df "New Franc&'i; they'have sighil'd atiagt'eeirrent'VVrthus; put ,at'the . saine time they use ~a!;cistniethods'Wh:ichruncountettothe"F';t~rlch peopie's' wUl: in'dulging ina~tS"'o:f'pr()voeatio:ti" aefFol' !'f~its' ;accomplis "; anclgraclual .. ' eneroachmeht,so'lhat'finally t1t'il"" Agr~M!ietit .•. becotrt~s 'al worthl~lss ise¥a.p' 'eif; pap1!t;;,

eunuulgW ~nd accorqing to a sY's(e~ati~ (Vian, (hef". ' 'apply' ·the.tiailiti6l)al' impe(ia)i~t,p\j,lit;Y';\\i ,'" di vHk arii:! 'ru,ze "; te~titpri;l.l;pl!.rcelling,divisioh bcetweeil different natiohalities, religions, political I'lIrtjes,· etc ... llilri~a:·:at-,. r~ndering us pow.erless to'::I1ghJagain$t them: They . , savagely te1!:l'Qrize' people. in .' tneOcqu,pied ~ohes·. or ,. r~.,i:' ,the ,zones wher,e. tlieirstretigth is. greater,thwnottrs/,'

"ilhoping"to,anrtihihtte PUT cadres and to' Intimidat<i'a:ric;1:,;' , , 'derP.or!l<'ize,,~'t'If,compa.ttiot$. 'd: ,J

• • ,., . , l

We are faced withamachiavellian and experienced enemy. New difficulties await us. All our compatriots must remain most vigilant and thoroughly understand

. their urgent task .. What is the aim of our people in the present·:stage ?

In our opinion,olir people's task can be 'summed up in these four chief points i

INDErENDENCE, UNIFICATION, DEMOCRAC{, REBIRtH,

a) INDEPIJ:NDENCE,' Our country . is not yet completely independent. The . foreign army is .stilI on our territory .. WIl. must. struggle:. to force' them tQ withdraw from our country in the .near.future.We mUst struggle .for . our national .sovet:eignty, so.thatin addition to our .. own gQver'l1meJ;lt, army, :finliilCes,. and. Parliament, we ... also h!\;ve. Qur.own diplomatio ,represen" tatioo.We mUst s~(uggle to chang~ourposition:fnQm tljai; ofa free stat~t6.;9-completely illdepel1del1t~tate ol1the prilioipleof "the right of l18,tions to sejf·determi" ' nati<;m "; t4ismeal'ls that ,We havet4e.: rig4t:·to ad4ere to the French Union qt our 'own tr~e will (ifE~ance reml\insaprogress~veCQunt!.y) .orto withdraw from it if, , ll(!ed : be., . . .' .

. ·h) fJ'NIF1CATWN " vietlil\nimust be one.·'8.nd its territorial integrity. must . begtiaranteed~ To 'athieve this;, we.must wre<;k, th~reac1ilona:ryF.renoh 'c61'oni~lists' 'plot to pattition out 'tetfi.tory. aI7d'. to' form what fhey; il)'! pudentI:t

'. . ~a.1l tli~ : !pNa:mky:'~tate!', ".Moi,'staite ",. ",,'Jl.hai, state. "". , .. '" Nu~gstat~" et9 .... There .. cou(<i nQt be'set up in· our

. ¢i:!un't~y :thre~states. differil)g.fl:omone, a.l1o~het',in· their politiQAA. econOlllicand cult.uralregimes. There is all the

'- 59.-.

lj\$$,~eas~n, why ~her;e'shQnld#~istiin onr:'c(!)Untry:afree . state'N:Q1'th of the: s.[xteemth. ,para1lel atlli anal!lton\i1mous one in.fherSouthiVietnatn mtlst"be, worthy 'dt,the name nation; tliat is to say, it is one and indLvisible becau§e Vi~tnam,)s a .territorial, political; eaon,omicaud :cultural U1J;ity,,; :#his unity is 1Mt a jortuitou8 or a~mpor(J;1!y comC

bination, but one which, in the. courfle' of ,various 'h1:storic e:AQ~hs" .has "been built uP ,by the sweat and, toil of.., our 'P~opZe:' " ' ", , ' ,

, c) DEMOCRACY/ In maintaining and developing th-e detno'Qrati!c :republican re/iirile;:' ,strengthening the p$0ple'li power :and 'bunaingithenew 'democratic' donsUe "­

mtion, we'Inust guard against 'e'hang,lng :,ourctinsfitutioh in'1!o a ll'leaninglessahu'out-of.dateone,'!\1ong the liiieS'of tlielMurgeoisoonsHtutioii,: 'We must 'furthermore oppose all;teljCdelfoles to 'sliP ,the '~eglnltj' ofpopularrepre'Senf­a;thilnl ia;'progl:tlssiv:e and adequate regi)neworthy 0fJ-Hs bl~t<l\.rirgh'twonby' thllpeepie' sreV()liu tionary, initiative in), th~; (colltseo£their s1!tuggke' for 'liber~tioili ''Tlie country'fuust a,IWaiys have ,'\1 '1l0ostittrtl6nargovern­nlentwhich·iselected,' sU],'>pot<ted, and, 'contrdlled by'the'

, p'eople'; ; ;,': , ' " " "'We must,', Te'Otgaril'ze tl,1ead1ninrstrative' services;

eliminate the reactionary ai:t~ corrupt elerri~nts ti:\:>1:h tl,111 '~4miniahati!Ve.'roftiQesas, well; laS 1~r,o)U ,tMJiXUblii; ,s~tv,iQe~\,; IIPP. ; \\\ipe 'O)1t, 'bllreauCrl>,lIY. "We,l!!l.puld; ,Q.o;:our utrnQa,t ,ip. rliranllfornl) Vietll,a.m, inioa',g;elllly ,djjl}lQC:~atit: C0l111t?1Y;ig"tlle .F;at'oll)fl;st" "wQrt~. ai"JIliU¥ing, among'the \lew .demp~ei~$ which lIllve, 'j~f('~ee'll,Jjb.er,~te<l;lftl:UJl 1il,1\l f!\$cis;f y~ec'i,' ': ", f",' ',' , '

',; !rl)' .RrElIiWR'il' Hi'.'; We';musf;ml.tHd'uPI'ancl';Odn~cI>lid~ tHd l1b.Ii.!ies'cI>f .. the 'CIl'¢~~tlt1W¢j Ifegune ':lIy:"econoiJIiic J itrl1l

-eo -

c uUfur4l1 'resto!a.:tidn,aon:d bY":national reoorm huna1teriaIr

a'!ldispiritU1l:F 1leldS .. " ,.;,.. . ,. .: >'" on the ·one 'hand~ w6lI)usb'pDoduce, ,a:n<ip~oduoel

again!, wit,h0ut .. interruption. We' must push\,fodvard:

indust'rial, agticultural and; cultural production to. ma;ke'

good the war wounds so as to· .jJlut anrend to alii signs:.: qf

misery, ,coriruptioo, and: de;vastatwn ,caused by eighty

ye3ills: of slavery,,,EvoEltyone sMold make, a contribution

t@,the nationa;L restor.Mion :the'·rich shouM"put ·their .

cQpitalinto·the enterprises, .·the able .:bodied, ,sh1!J,~ld'

worlll ,J;iard, those . who ha"e jJlQlitical"and. inte~C'I!ual:

abilities ,sMnld, ;pu~ al1 nh-ein ,initia~i ve ·into dl1awing'Uii>'

. plans, and. p<ll1icies. ,We: m1llst: respect labour,:encew:a.ge:

private enterprises, rewllird, ,those who'haN'e':'madlisacDi.'

· fices and punish alJ speculators and saboteurs. It is not·

eUlllUgh' simply" to: l'I!)a'ktl, yaetna\l:l ;a.dembdtatic : state;

we q:nu$1li,:ehang,ltdt,.ilil'tOc', arconllt-ry,; wit-h:a, pJJogres$ive:

al1d;independentc e"cbncu!ny", ": q,' ;, ,lV' "

,DILthe titheDoj;l(lillQ, w6"shourliltmeet; the;pii!Cl1pleI6111a,te~.:

rial meeds; espeeial1y. 'th0$e '\0f rthe"WoDking jJiso¢e '.'. (both;

mantlal'and intellectual), so that they wHlhai\lil.'fth'll) .. ·

ne06SSi\ry' stre:\1,gth tp. p"od~ce'; ~e S4QlllQ, stfi '1~, topiqtect

· OJl1l' T,acef;rromphY$ica¥;. d,e~nepati~"'i" it'" ~~dllCeij\lfant,

.' m<i>rta,H,tya,nfl, tigh~ ,agaipsi<,aUdi,seflse.$. , ;'., 'j ',' ,"J,' (t'"

;' .'j' ,~e\9~.tan9!! W!;l~I\P4,",~i~,~ecpp.lit~l1cti?\1!: ".

r ',j ne:te~ist~oe' ~ar¢pxisi~ta.'~. $tvugg1ii1gfo~ ,Jllati~na:[; . U'lil[fication.andoilll~tlp~ndence.rana'~ep'\rulllbt~l17he1r'Ei'r~nohl

c,olonioali&t. attack(NanQnllll; re¢onsibr'l'Otionr 'a:imsii/!.t . esta' , '

bJishing~nd cOhsolid~ting :the:. cl:eniocraticiMpblMican

· r,egimeJ"r~st.or:ing; ilind rtran8fol1mingthe COUlltily, Li:ke JChi·

·lllI.,/Nhicbistf1ilggle& d\$ ai:l!!-ny ~~arltlllgainilU~e"Jl1,paheS6H

"

fOr" a; "'y.e!Lr"now @ur ,people :h!LIVe, been: ,waging; ,the resistance war and at the same time,;have, be-en;,carrying , ouVnatiOlial ,re,Gonstructlou~ That is can inherent charac. teristi,c of the str,uggle for the :liberation ofourcounhyr one part ,'ofwhi:ch ' .is, ,liberated, andth~other stiH oppressed by the.impe;ialists;, " ,"

.In the reconstruction work; for,a,' yearuowour , people, have strlvento' increase' production,:simultan' eously \9uppLy the front'and fightMainstdamine; and' repair "roads, bridges, dykes, etc. Thisyei<l', our people have won vlc,tories':ovlM' three big enemies: "famine;' Hlitetacy aOdfi00ds.IDhose ara'u.lir tangi1¥eaehievetnehts" Bllt we sti11lack a gimill'ai: plan ,for all our ,reconstr,nction! work". The 'follp;wingi exa:nlples:,'are enough topmve! tpat,:: ' ,I;, ';',;'-'"

" Puttiirgi:ntQ:liffect,the sl()gan'" l'lotanjnchof'waste' land:', our,' compatdots: in',the moutaino1,l~:tegiortshave

, in some places burnt down par,tsof' oth<l.,iorest, dearing , lan'<il'for,:c,ultivation, at;irlludomi ":'a, pniCtice' Which is

ha:rIl1fuMothe 'preservation to.f lorestsandthe, preventiOn, of, ftooqs,~\ .,,';" -,; ( " "-:''It'.:' "),':I;$,,:'~".::f;'

." ....'I;;i'eo/ejjyp'rovlrit~a!i111pca.llty" tIie '~logari:· '>iltcl'eMe' , productioll'" iscarri'e'd oti~'with~u1i;clb~e: guid'a:nceastd '., the 11ature oUhe. :ct('jF)S,',t~e!i'<l:l1a11tity; tbtie'"of 19fowth and consumption, et'c:.. '. , ' , ' r.rhe' 'efforts exe'l!te~ tiur pMple ~n a year aTe 'fI~yond ' irnaginati()n,~Howevei';ql1e,'lias' theililil'reli~loutha.ttMY have" thr~wn:','f~ell'l:~elvili!:int.(tprQducti()nUke~:w:oocl .. i em t,ter w h~ ,clio,ps·. w<!lod" "Vjt.!lh~sey~s$hu.t> ... vrgdt.(j\[slhr; putwithj;much:wastedeffdrt. ' ."" '.., "::.:»" .. .. ,' Itds' t!iltte ,to,.work:out 'an,· (ivllra:lI.r.el1'011stt#ction:.,

plan for 'tht).!W11OIet()l1nt~yj, t6ireadjtlljt.;e;~~;; ifu;~n~fi')) . ' """ "', . ,,-, ,'" ',',' ,

~'

pro<iltiction: and' to give ,rational gU1dance t~, nationlll reform. work.

, Of course this work of pianning:willmeetwith d,ifP,. culties because the situation has noty,e,t been'stabHized and the question of French interesti in Indochina" h!)'s not yet been' settled. NevertheLess, it is, no.~"absolJ1tely im,possible.to ,draw up a preliminary planbn ,simpl~ andrea;iistic lilles. " " .;' '"

If we strive only for n,ationalreconstrllotiihfput·. neglect to stru'ggle for sovereignty and territorial int~­grity, national indepencl~nce will certainly not be rec9g·' nizedand OUr' country will be ~educed to ,an aU,tOD,OIll9US state. Our . people' are not a warli~epeople.]n:k~eping: with our people's deep love for peace,our goveriunent signed the Preliminary Agreement ,of MaTch 6,' 'I946:'But the ,tteacherous' behaviour of' the' ,French coh~nia!lst,s forced, uS to pursue ,the 'Resistance war'todefetldoutsel'; ves. Wearel'eady toaeoeptan kIJnourabls'1zrifiU'"tiac; bitt a$ long .as' the.Fre'll.ch.f9rce~:¢61).Ut\il.e"if6 atta.o'k a:ild terrori'ze us, we must remahvarme,d;:todef~r)d, ourselves" until they recogniz~.\th" imp<lss.ihiJHy' of establishing again theix: .dom.ination over our', counttyand'ofpartitiOlfing otit,~erritoty,\ Rae . the Resistance, war in ,theSoll'th,orily , a locala,nd;JIl,~:visiCihal chltta~ter or will it be, tranSfotmeli . intp.,\l'l(:mg.~erm tesi~t,!1,~qid That is fbr. the,j!'ren¢h, to . answer.. As .f9.r'1l:s,\~~ .;m.!Il,~t. tl1oroughly SUJ;l.p.9,tth'e s,t~~~gIe of t,h.e .p~opl~ incJtjl~SQ1l:thin eve.ryftell1.·~nd W~, w:iUi~crea4~ 9J1~.J?~~es'i~v,~ty\\(.h!:1te'~0 M tpperl'>a~ly .to, ~fl¢e,aI/Y .evpnt;'IIaHtyandngl\t;tq t)),e~lld •... : ...... .." \C

.' '.:. GrelltUllitYI:\""i~&Y.;tt\$k, i ••• ·,.. .•..• ", " ··To. oarry.out· R~sist!litl ce'andn;~ tioffal .• rf!'co)\stiuct!tftl; we':,must.mohiUze allthe·ii:>t:Q.~s ·ofliiutc0'untry r'llilth't',

.....

, "

again5~:< the 'FlirBn,O~, balonialist~ 'cc, p!ilH<i~l,ohdiviSiM>J1" consolidate our ranks inside the country atid(winl1lllW!' sup.port :,.frQm>:6utSid~:.',: :'I; ::~'" ' ':i::: ._'::"

""That'is why:. 'tlliiHillt~rna.i unity of1:'h@\fhdle people' m)lst be consbUdated:",', ' • ",'The, p'OI~'c# 6fgre!tt'unityatlVoc~te'd.'by President Hi)

, Chi Mitih most'b,V'6'a'tfred6ut thorl:ltt~hly arid 'Br'OacLIy:, ,[,J'lJity between n,ationalities; To fru~trhe the"qolOil.

i!ills(' sch'effieii"fo' dripe 'the :natlonal 'hliiloritiesinto '. ", • ,'~"', ,,' . -,' I,;,.: ,"I, , : "."~' "",' 1 -'

opposing tlie majority jlQPulatlOn.,· ',' ,

'.' Unity b~t!vden:r4;(iioil~ ,:To li~h?~g~\~~tt,~~:CMoni8Jist' plot't'1makeC,~tholi,c.;:\io~ H;,aq~rcl'~a() D\li'~onmati:iots opposeti\.'eir'o\vh people:" " " ,," "," ':','

, co','" ,",: c', 1_', -", ,/';" ;-,",(:-' -, ~l,;.'J

"iT NaMvnap !fn:i.ty', .', To, sIjlash,~he,colq!1'i~is~l schemtl', ~" " ~1-,~,ou~ c,ompatrio,ts W th,e, Soyt.hligil~ ag\liJ:1~~ tho.~ iJ1., the,~y,n~r,~ all,d.,~~tlTo,rtjl. "'i,i',",'" ,,".,," ••..

': i U?I'!'X\ '~6I,Wfl~'\ .a~[, !N:Q;eM#tq ~hliltaj ·o/.<,I#e." '#oP$8'.:, Stl'l~(,,)by) ,d<i\e\l~h,~y·. rll\Usjj ,,$tl1ll~Me:)'ag.s,~,~h~ ,CDIIItll\anl

. e~ffll.YJp!j g#>i;;li) tiilotiqJ.1;~l ind4pendeUl<l.ai<n~~?i'H ','i, .,,) . " ... Uni,t<y, .lbeD\'RJ'rup d//, Pillitie5,:!'!AiU~'Pa1IH0ti(}ili4i(jJdelllo" GJ1a~io) pMlttes:!Iliti.stl:'?tiltli~i,d$"9I1I"'f:1teiU:d~b'ei!ji~&a~Ji~.0)' st.nuggl~hand rinl ihlWd ~gaiirt6fi#k!l11~e~H t~t'1!rQJ!l\lti~si'

," t1it~: :V:ie,tname/lefitt~~ors 'laih:clri1rlieiri':.6fgandliitjfiiii!'ilil,nYi \. '.' .f' ,':Phe'efltife peQipI\~ s1rdiiid:uMif~"'Hito Ii' N:ait~it,~t,1P:MitF .

i,. tc"fig1t5""lv,a;~eai! [thIJt6y"F'reniQn co(61{Jal#ts"C'ild er.6rest'lJi.i¢"?f. ' .•. . QlimP~~t~1i{;;jiJ~fJMlillJ'n'dJ.liio#{y6~Wqht~ii¥)1i~si:Beei:tj~~~~'

;, t&isb\a'i<~'i;li.at;;gl1dnt'{Lcielfl~lI~W\tnll'bIWd"ot;,.:~~r:" ... ,~g,hters c,omlng{i'bfu'tJi.ei'il.ilrl:ab~¥,~y,6frti\tf'C'o'I!R~~~'$"·

(' ·,.de£encl:tl1eSoutJt~.~n'lij'l~i1,i~o~ti'l*lle:1\l:b(j)f~peopl~.§ir9uld\.< . '., ' .... '~~t;Mt;~li!M~'l~X1g~,~;t);t.fll~gi<l~~~~J.it,¢~e~~~~~lfot~/' ·i,

. 4~r~d, :.~il~ lil;l:€ll1,Rli'tatj,cJ~~Rlip,an! 'reg:iI1ie;:#~,t';Jimrmv ,~, " \ ',,' ";>';'. ','" -'- _,,;,arl>4',_,' ., .',' _,''',' '. ",,~~:~,'r. ,:~:::, . , "

.,' ':

-T'~I ,h',. " .. ',i .. " <I'~\':' <:,,:/; ,;,,'; "

, 1\

,; , , ".',

dtll!lJ cOtll'ntry .... ilmi$hotit. to" ChM!!'<WWEJtnarithin:td aln, inr.l",pend~nt,'" unified! free:iiVmI happy"eoullyty:' ,

" .. IThat is the obJecUve,'aimed at' :by',:tlie:,Pietiliam 1

N<atienat Lewgusi That Frdl'ltrepresents an',a<fe'<1j'1'i'ate i fbl'm oIf\Jnati<~l'ltilunlty'which' ouri 'peopfe' 'have'acliievied'l:lj"the struggl ",against, theFrenchreaetiofiaries; aM, 'tlieViet­names€>' traitors. "It, must be: broad~n:ed'W''inc'lbde: all' parties all'ldsect$ which, a~eJoi<natiorial 1 itrdepertdehctl"'aiHi' dem01jrllicy;: as.weB as' all patrioti,c'non'party"el'emell.ts.

" It ll1igol'1t'blli asked':,·Is'the ViettlainNationa:lJ:1eague i

only:a political :manoollvrebefngttsed:l;o' neutrllJize ,tllmpo'-' ra,rHy other jJolfrtica;V pa1'tles:? Certainly not I H'lniis~ 'be'a' htSlfliitgdrganisation':a'ble to mobi1i21eaJ! the'bi"b,M mas~es' trN flilifiili, the ta!;lk!> 'o~n'at1bnalsaIVa<tlotiand'lireti"rla:1j reCoflstrllcti0n:tt" shbul<\l' nevel" be 'regarded; a~ 'ai' fern.' poraI'yamd insi'g'frific3Jrtt' f",rm oi 'aIria.i:Jce'\betweetl' 'th'a, pa.tMegJ,· ,i,': _,'I,' ;. ,"! ".. . '. ~'!'!: j! '

, "'But iobroadeii 'aj,\,(fld:o.tl$olidat'e the Vi:ettiaili'Nli'tifoll:a:l: I.~l\cglle;: we,01:!gM t,~ d(wtll~.p,Md ,§1lt!engthell;jth.e!:Vie~inh E1!Qnt,.JiI~Pa:\ts,l!l,th~:¥jetrniJ1.h>f'rQM~itk its;istrO;l'lg 9rglLu,.., illatipns ,n\l't,l.j~alIjy' CphS'tittltes ,f'a 1/ arm; Ibas1.s,£pr, :,the' N '!1)iona1, ,li!la.gAe, "Mw1, ,to,' djlv,eU<l>pbandc,,,oooilso1icliatEl,' i'htl' Vie,tmiJili, F:Nl'lt. jj,1!,,';$'lII"'c~ssa'l'¥,tQ:r unite: iand:d<!i\I'ei.;op' IIIll, Q;t1gjj;nisl1ttio~, !.t of"tli-e( i vai\gci.a;t41t}l;a.~Sf: rcth.e "Nietri&MDv' ", WIIlpki!litg; "las8,'IT'!l~'l~lU!lJ;\C¢, 'Pet,wel'li:u :.lI1illlk<5ts;"pdaaants, ani! 'dji,teHec1:)ua-lii j mils): :,be "espe:cial!llY1:ilirnt,,';!,(J) ,,)';,; Ie· "

'iHJnsideilO1lW'),cm'tia4;,i<l!Jtsl'I\l;lISb;;closw&;,),,'mMad:lt',an'!k' eftwtiv,enlY "uilli1e,j]i~u t;, that' ;national I, uniJbyll>loner;,ts,i'll10>1n

,I em:nn,!§h,; We" mustr a:lsoit,inife; wHhlif4e allies:;outSi<!ieiil'lur; ',coUntDY\l ;First lweimnst:uriulte (.with' the ,Ji1rmh '!p.e()pl".~.

;', '·have i!llacile'. man¥!'s~ctifiaiis "in' ~itlistrQggJJer.foi'rlili~l''liy$ " .an<l ,tdlGIj U8tl¢MlS~11U1,d w.h<1XWith:~si.ha.ve arConwujnlMi$inyw'

the French;· rejl.Qtjonaories,·· theg~eedy monopolies and their lack~Y!l; the;'re.actionary . colonialists, We have· agreed to t:akepa,rt in the F.rench Union but ,this., l,ini0P. must be,' a" democratic. and· fraternal unioll between, free anq equal people",to ,use the words: of. Comrade Lo.4eray, Illelllber·of the Cen.tral Committee of the French CommullistPartyat a session of the French. CollstHuent. Assembly. on March 'lOj:t946".That Union should not be used as a cage to.impr.ison the cQlo1.lia,l peopl~s after :' clipping their wings,". In our struggle to demalld from France the respect of our sovereignty and territQrialintegrity. we must, achi!ll'<I ,unity of action, wi.th the Frelleh Peqplei al\d with all:orgf'.nizations faithful. to.the:idealsof the .French RevolutioQ; Iilmrty, equality, fraternity: For thatreasonwe,:warmly.,hail tp.e formation, oi the. "Franco-;VietnaIl.'lese Association" and ,we hope .that it will become a. steady bridge between the two:,

. peop~e~:w~o \lore linked to o~e.an()the~,):ly;, :the ,same, ,iqeal.

We: should'ally OU1'selvesn6t only with the French people,but' aI8(\: wit'l~ allpeace-Idilhig :and; 'tlentocratic' peoples,particularly with . theChip~sepeoplel'our . great' neighb0ufs' who are' resQJ:utel:5/ sttuggUng'for: dem0cucy;

·un.ification 'arid, indeperidenc'e,,:];ri.a;worcl,we must,unite-.. ' with 'all the 0J?pre$sed,:l?eQPl~S W!to are' fighting to Hber.ate themselvils.'C)tl1'ii1g. theS'scond wodd war; we' joilied out: efforts. to·· those' oftheforc6sof oOUllter,oppressto,ll (!1I . order W' defeat"thefascists; To'day; .' tlillili:war is ,.over'but wemust:continue: to sta:nd side ':by side With the.pro'" gressi;ve forces ,to. fight against tile reninantso£Iasc;iI!ll).' .

0.

. allli;.,the :i,llteniational '.reactionaries,to, build. dem<?eracy .... , and· world.pe<.lqe . and!4~l' smash;'thescl:)e]nes·,to.:dra w< .

. mankind.,into:,··an;. atr6Ciblls ,atomic:ihird".lV.orld :war,;, " '.- " '.' ,\.,,' "', .' .'

For that 'reason, our people mlls.t' ciaim their place'in 'the United Nations Organisa:<6ion, anI!! in ,the internationaJ' arena, asapaople who: have participated in the stroggleagainstaggressivefascism,.wrested power from' the]apartese fascists, and now . continue to struggle. 'to< exact from the· French . <:ioltmfaHsts. the respect(jf '.the.;Charter of the United Natiol\s,(l!,ga­nisation which was supported iIi San Francisco by France itsl'ljf: .'

Wipinaout Ill'rors., '.-:,' '.:- -';', '

To fulfil these tasks, the entire peopleiandparti­cU'ladY 'the oommunists and the' revolutionary ftgli'1lers,' must·corl'll'dt,. theirshortcom1ings anti" ,reject .whltt ,:i8 wrbng..Pliesident HoChi'Minhiofteil says:, '~Wd den '/ fear tMenemy : we' 'on/.'f tear ih6.8i'rors· ot, ourodtfv''aii~s,f';''

Indeed, has not the enelllyattacked u$ sntC'essfhll:v bye1\pjqiting onr inadequacies,'shortcomlngs itritferrors ? '!ha,f'is wliy"We must with detei'tninatiQI,f~nmrn'ate'a:lJ e~r.o~e\)ts":terlaencies. " ....... ," , ', '> ", ,'.

~".',:' "ro::;;r!>h' .'f,:P. ,',.""-1,,_- ".':- ,.,"' \, ,! :,' .:-,,)V~;tQ\Q!tlji .. wipe out t\le. len{lencies, ,1fJ" (marc"" ana

t:nctisci#U~tse.en incl!.relessness 'arid'dlsobediepc~ tp or4~rs 1 L;fTtQW::):~(~~2~fp.r~, a,8. we!Las. inf~i~~1p~nts . of goyepl~Cll,\~ilp,8}t.1:W.~~bIlSift!l~ ,9{ ,P~tty .4IsciB~in.\i: t~n"

',' d'l!l9ies;~hpi\'ii.~~;"~;i!W~;'l;II~~r~t.~lJdingpfth~ .;detnocraU~ regim;c:.; ther~ .. ar~:'~?m.~,;'WJ1,~,e~,!l8\"fl~~rl~ r,ilali~~it~~ !\1,e~lJl'lg!9#;4em.Qcr\l;~W', fi/r,i!M i~nddlsclplme; . th~y, think. t!I~Jll1 den;lqCl'ati9r~~l~:~,~llbg1?-l).iveat. ~(sot4er •. cO!ltusioii !I<!lll h,eedles'sn.~M;l(toll1 lhis'~narchyand

. in!'liscip!;~!l~,.'N,Viikem~rge,a~}4~:.on~hand,regi8na.lisIt1 •. regip.naL, a);ltonO\l1~sIt1"c;>n ,~;heothel]dQ'i'rr1:!ption, . abuse,' miAit al'js\l1.,Ml-Gi i.llufea)lqa~y. ";.(1) l ,i "'\'0'

.,.-' 6.'1',-.

• < ,;' We !tlrtlust-b"'ii1n ':-~ ,._, 'f-:" ,1:\\,?_"J'"J :;.' , t': II,) ,!

'.' Rool; :out",'!rhe' ,r"tldiinci~",,'t:o; isotaUci.n anll ,narr.fJfW·: mindMnlfss' ,which 'areJre>en in, ,the 'abuse"of,cad~!lS" iabilities: and ina wrongia1:tit.ude, :towan.ds:i::ertftin:e¥ents as:<in' carryiillg, out the"poIic~(i)f nati(1).a! U,tUt¥ .o,1].1(Iined 'by/the' l?arty, atldPr,~idellt; $0 ,Chi Minh, ,Thisharl.:,llaful ten,dencyc'omes fr<l>m' ;the feal.> 0fth~:ma~s 'and,from, a, .lack of. oonfidence in the' masses !\nd in Qnes~J,£:; at the same time it shows a mechanical interpret,ation ··otf Marxist-Leninist theories . expressed in abstract clicMs and. ,repeatedparr61!'fasfiiol!; i .

. . E(liminatesu bi ectitJJ#y and "1-/ /i.t : I,. tdnd:4nGi~s, which lell!d.~to "acting eVen lin unfp;voura ble· .condiliil'llls,; I to QeU!lV'7' iUg' t)lll\<t one/s:pettlsQPal 'desire~, a·re thQseloftth~, ,masses,;, 1:;0.; tr,avell~ng "pos~,h!\ste!.· I witM.ut, paying,attentioli(tQ,

th/il<;j.bjeo:ti,ve, .condit.jl'llll\l of thesit:\latiQn '3md' th~:, fllal, ~,!s,l!iQillties;Q~, th~:1Wlv~n:yJ,nt" : , "":, '. ' . • ,. J¥1J.4i,ca, t~ pp'nfervff}~ueand ,,ri,g,lJti~t ¥i~jie.~~i~~ :r;hich.

~1I;4J111'i~ge~li~ to, r:~1f~in~ allcl "to J~~,. ha~p~~e.9 py t\\~ old f?rmulas, to ~tick stubbornly t2t\L~, fllf:l; ~lilli1:!d~c~1!;> tqiaIl torecognl~e n~w changes ear!yen9ug1l. ~oact wlth "d~ti¢tHljjt,!;ti'(;h~the o'nIJf' ~plrrti'if!69hf'&in:itf wi,th ,_J ;J.;"iJ_t':i.il"" J",',' p;;,',.r '.'.J' -'1'''''' ,,' ",'1' 'I ,," \" , : ,,-our revo'lu .• onafy'Cera, :,"v""",. .' .•... '," .... " ,. .Eliniiiia~ei t'1l:(jte1til~ncj? tp bompr'o;it.'SBif>'ey6Wd' allptl:ilc'

.•.. .' c'ip,ies Wl'th\~it\ih{tf!~' 't,~.tbtibrit1,tie~·· ~t;tit6'6\lm!P'\i'n':l(j~s 'in' ·stWggl~;';t~is;t~rldenbr 'ae:ftioh,s'tta:t~s;a1a.i:\jN[t'&~tsr/ilI~) .•.. a:rlo,nin:'keIJP}n~ fi'ri:\liytd tin\; 's"po'$!'ti&n •. '~I! . W~~stlj£!\"t ~ i6it'tif t~I!'en~~Ja~d'dh u~#~t~stl/ii:rt~~R?~ti\e. s#'~#~fff:. (jt:~l;i ... e"~~~,~. e~~.' 'a.lf~itti. te::rlt:r~lt'. ti .. p. ,.Ji1::. fiie .. ·.'Jtn'ii:s~~l ~ ..... ~;.~J:j

.•.... . use'th"e'ta 'aka 'sWong' 're~rguat'(t' 'flli'S' t~l1den:W'als6' d!i'l!,Id1'lstrMeS awrong"und~tst-a:ndi'lig,Gff!tile"r!o1utri6f"H(li: . Nlttto1¥~.1 Fiotft;: a:~.(l{'ttie' e~iilte!ri'cel'of';the"b\!lie'f'tlili.t' because we are ill the same ftOtiFw~ifju&~ lMWa9s"~cus:e>l' .

one' allot:bel:, ,npt:criticising ,each,',Qth~t, ev,en.c mMera;tel~ and with the support of evidenced Lib" tendencies, tQ, isolatio.n 'and cna:rrQw,·rnWadedne~si!this toodEmcy'cornes

, ffPrn,a:"I~epQlicy:' 'whiohrd,o.es1W,t take+nto acco\luUhat qriticism; withoutsoJidarityis ba(ll. 'but solid3irity ,without ,cd ticisrn .Ie ,,;worse',: ! ' '!" " ! '

, Rej,ectr ,the tendency,to"complactncy"ibeingsati~fted with one's small success; that, mak«s u$,,'becbme short .. sighted,ies,sens, ,ourviIWanpe", ,weakens ,o~<tspiJ;jt of c,i,tjoism ,and,s~i~·cr~ticjsm and,l;reates :th~eonceF1tio.n that the ,r;eYoJution, is, infaIJikie,",~ 4@t~s1i1ble,aud.1PJallge,,­OU~'ij)qllGeptioI) ,whioh,!hindets', jO,Ur p,rogr~ss arid *e~p~, ':nl!, !a.w~y ~rpm ,themasse:s":l! ' ,'" ,', "

;W~pe,)."out .the .tende:ncyt~ ,\(J~s~i1nvsm"!\\,hich ,mak~s us grumble and ,lack courage when facing"thefsmailest oQstacles. or )llakeS usc;1ouN aJ;ld ,1.o,ge oUr,,,b,eags 'at the Ie!lst ,de/eat. and.coqseqll~i<tl.Y;, i,<ia.~S1'~O 'fc';rthles~ ~riti" Rism ,9r , mak.e~ us,' give, :IW ,.t/le .. s,t~u~gle ,and run a'fca.Y f~qtn',9,ur r,es,pWt~ibilit~. " " " " " , ' ',' , ", Tnosesh9rtco)llin,g,s a,nd etNrs,aro,tl1e;moatwidespread ~<iJd~y"a.m,O'l~ t..h:e ,peoill¢, 'sadr~~,al)c;1 ,the a,syet unorgan­i:z;ec;l'W.a~slO~Vijlt~iJl,p~ganizatiol)s .• ,'\\lId .in p,oliti"a.l,l/.dmiiiis­trative"lllfiita.ry·'and technical offices, e~c.,.Jf ..ye: go. I)ot 9otr~ct:t1iio~e, erpo1jS:.(n tilJle"w~cann.dt ,hopeto ,f:ealize t.~W~,n,atJ\>.narl:: ~iW:to,. puild up.an «<n,.,4Wp'endanl. u.nit~"" "1~1JJ;qqr,fllic:AAd:prpj;Jl1f;#i,ls. CQUIiII!;W r'" ' (,:',

W~ydo the "alxO;v,~\~,~/ltiRlledl,~P:9rtoomings :ll!n<i1 'M!lqi:i, ,ex,AAt, '?, Ni, . oqr'lpi~\IIl, ;;que r~o!,1:jl.e ilQQt!,fo1}:(i)wiug i<ii:.»ses·'!"(:t';f"",':":!."':<?·"i:'>-'- )",.,.,', ;1,', ','j

'", ',)!;i!";'Tb.~,i£i~atel1l)lit1't;,cd:rit)lr;e<:;Qmy ,<l'1l/Wls) M~ . ~ti:<lUl~u:f.e I an4ilh:a®diiU'a{ts. ','ifMi techmcai\.." j],eve.l·"(j)~odr ,,' Pe~~ieriIVlo%:: I!lIl<i \1I,s @O:~ltjth<!Y.:d,oi!lk~g!i~r~ll3il~ lsense.

, . , ,{' - .",

, --:"{)'--,.,

:,,1 "

ofOrgMlization. O~r work.is.,stm:routine, non":scientific and without . perspective. "

2 0 /.c...:bur country is a country:ofsmaUproductfonl Although led by' the proletariat; the:,nlOVement for the liberation' olour couritry possesses many pctt;y"bourgeois characteristics such as wavering, lacko£. Gietermination, ' hesitancy, lack of ,thoroughness. These defects are still numerous'i!,! OlJr movement. ' ",

3°/'~ 1I0r a lorig time our compatriots have not only been oppressed and ,exploited;',out have 'also' $uffered from:~heobscur,aritistpolicy; they have never partici~

,'pated:,broadly il'f, politicalandcultutal "activiHes, " therefore their Iimite.d knowledge has a bAd influence

<:in the. work'(lf 'national salvation' andi'lofllaflonal ' reconstructi'on\ ' " "

40 I -:- The August \ Revolution was, not' carried out with suffi,c'ientdeterminaflori and 'was' t)J.erefol'e not str6ng el10ugh to wipe oufliiI F6tterin'e~s0itheouhhoded

, regime. Many evil praCtices of tha;tcoriiiptiegtme':s~i1I persist"and'ddhatmfo thenewregimei,:,I"ii1,'i\, , " ~,Our shortcoming'S itn-derr6r,j' !lrise ou(',oft'he',coilctete'

cbriditidn<l:'cjf theVietri,amese rev'dlttt!6nary"m6vetriertt'in its present stase,' ,,', ,.:".' "',;; 'W'" , ,'" ,,,,

, " However we' are'con .... inted that ,'linder 'the'cleIH',: 'Sighted leadershi'pofPresident Ho Chi MInh a:!'Id'thaiiks, 'to our people's march towards progr(!'ssj. we'WHi effective~y: :ret!ted1thq~~:'e~j()Jis,'~p:a, '$h0r~tcen'ling$:'i ," ' " ' '"

, ,We'Sh'6urd,'tlbt"'ldelude:6qts'6We~ 'In hi tb.ll\'liifig"'1!Il.'a;~' ,,' ina short time "the Revolutfo119anwil?e out aUtfie"bM

", ,ll~I!>'jtS<attcl'cl1sMI!X$<)filiIie oldr~i~!'W:J.UchiliaveJ!jecome, ';d:eetJi~y!cr,0()tea!:Ih'Q?1'1 th<!>ug'4t~i; 'iA,jottg :j\'iitrh'thepiilltloa.l l'eVoll1ti()nl*e::cj1ltur~1 :teVolutio~ with ,'itSf" New'iif~'f~ '"

movement mllst,acliievetliereiormatiotlbf' thoughts and customs,and the eCOllomic revoll1tiol'l.s):i\lrt\d improve

.. :the:j!>e0ple's living- standatdss9 astocrei\>te ... ta-Y'ourable .condi tions for the succe.ss . of the political, . and. cultura,1 revolution which is inJul1swing.BuHf we area~,t~rmined :to fight those bad tendencies by all means ,:it wiB ·be possible to correct theInrapidly, proy,ided' ~very .citizen and every revolutionary . c6mbat'an't'slnc~relY' 'exercises criticism andself-criticlsm and cle9,rlyunders­tands, his duty to,e"terminate all these evil tendencies.

'-',:' , ,

Trainlt.g of cadres . , I'

After settling .• the,'que~ti<m of the political)iIletiY be followed and: Phe tasks to be fuHilled, the q1,lest:iQI;l ,of cad~es proves to. be .the, .most import'antll>ne, to

. -', I'·

:solve.· .' -:' ,'J :'>.:' ,,'" ,\'. ':':1.

Eifiectively, 'who applies the j!>pli'ticailineand c~ri'le's lout the tasks~:· Of'.cou1;sl1"!t is' the whole pe<i\ple,btt't . first'of all It is the 'cadres, \I'ho 'are thevanguardelemellts .....

. -devoting themselves actively to: theWorkbf propaganda .and organization, who devote tliemselyes to"leading'the m.asses tOOM't.y, .out ;t:\le . policies of :·the. Government a7;ld ,the' Fatty,·anddo."$'iifviIlg ,as.,gaod,examplesJorthe pC;iropleL", h:"~',;.';',,fi'-:,.,,: ':;n :.A :':;1

/) ,., We must, a:dinf~<tih~t)ol)e of .:til~ '. shoi'tdo~il;~s of .olir presenth16vernelilt.' 'lies'."i7;l the·)'l~ck)of)cadres' .. Few . -ta:dresform.ucibwqrk, ih'e'boethewei~l1~iisi'(j't:'ohe p~r90n . having too"ma'lly:irons' in the ,nte.M!l!D;y,Ol'!<ines,are,tUll' ble

,to accomplish. their' ta$j;:s,;ortd con!lli,le~e .th~~ thQro\lgh~;»;· • .. :01' I th~y wor k,thO\1~htles~ly:; 1ihia)slapdas,~;;ma,.rinet. < ...

wit,hout,au'Y ,pre-established plait;.: or • 'GIisplwy: a.nari';;W~ .', i" -,', ." . '-'1_ , '_, ' '~ , , '"

minded:,appi',oach tqtheir work. . .' ',o,;;

...:: '7'1';"

" I' : rTIa:~re1o~\l',,·a: ,d~Qis'i,yetask in ,tllis:preaent,lr\our .ist.o .~trive, ,tQ,llak¢, I\"g;l'eaternumb.er:.ofcadr~$, andito have gOQd, ,caQ#5 ';.toptomote, e;x:isting .. s;a,dres hia·1:MionOJI ' ianp'::fustrwa:ll.·'at/d;, ,to ,train· n<\w"Qnes: patiently lind :rnethodh)allY •. Ev.e~y.ca:dre.musLgulde thellovices who :W<'lrksid~ by 1Iid¢ with' him SO'IlS ·to ,create newca.dres. ·So ,many active wO.rkers lludpeasa:lilts, so many youths full~' devo:ted'.t(\"t.he Revolut-/<l>u!are ready to accept ~H',saCriftcesJ liave,conftdence,iu them, employ iJlem boldlYlg,lli!ie . 'them '. patieiltly, 'qu~tdo . not forget to co.ttrql them. .' .'. '. .," 'i.' .. . .

At pr~~ent, We' : are ovehvheInte'd . with work. It is necessary': to .. mobilize all ,manp6wer.'arrd"wealth. No '~bmtYf no reffort' ''rhustbe wa;sted. iAiffahts of State' aFe not tn'e rmbn:opolYbf" somec}spetiaL gr<1>Up 'of persons,"

. some party or some' revoiutionary class, but they/are' .theco!l'll<\11on '. '.business;ol "the ''\1'1:11'>1<\ .pe,"'<Fl.e. 'N,a:tllJrally the ~ll!6~<;!lof ica:dres,clll'uM .. note •. be,p!'IJ~IP~ed' by perscl1:!a.!

'. ;fli,elings, .bllt,w,e;'-oIIiustnQt.~i.ther·'1!>.etQ!,> !1'igoroll,S dn: .t.IJe, sele<i>tij)'I!'C,of,n!}w".l,I,ecr;uits, a~the case 'is. for, som¢ ,j'01l1\" raQesat;pr,E$e'nt,,[', / '; 'p irhere"are'iIOt .&:tiough 'of~h,e sclwQls,ioundedbythe .Govermmenti,·'to ,ensur,e the training.' of new, adminIs" trative, judicial, military andteohnicalcadres.ln addition ts> tlJ:Qs,e,JlIf1 r~vo!l1 ti opary_org~.l?.izatjon ,m ~~t I fre~tqeiitly Q;pep political~trf!i·tii,ngcourses aIt<;l;·\9rga:ni.ze~aLk~'~114 .

·j,eot,q.I'f"sAor),\,lj;iclhtiJel,PllbliilwLl1 '!>I!" ;w~4~lN:a:.dm~tttW.,. '. . .. ,Sim1i1ilitil;nfil)ll~IY1Wltlftifll.elct~liISi~\:O'fana:ss'edll;ca: th:)J!t

•.•. ··alld,,<ilietsttuggle;agar~,fiil1i~~~i;t~~~; rtliev.eloIDUlent (of· ... higher ·.ed1JVea.tlohi,is .gre it1l1y'IJlle:¢4l!~~:a:il'welli.a$' a,'~e'dsiQn.,\·; of;tlie;"cur~icAAl1iiJri"an.cd ..the,. s<ileil:ti:iJri,on'~~dentst@:tle .:

;'." . ,,,serit,,abtQad. '1 "r:, if .<',': .-j ri ' ~'):i1J'iJ'

,j ••

r· ~, '

~~, f ' ~ •. ',;:,:

'At the present time the 'questioriof cadres 'is· a contradictorY one, .the great majority 'ot cadr¢s,

. sthouled'by the ni"dlrtHhnary" struggle/' are.' roYalf, eager'anaskilhil 'elements' with a good 'poYftidti . b'ack; ground; anll a fair degree '0£ organization, llUtmost

'_' _ . "" "'. _::',.. 'J '

of them have a poor educatibnallevel (thefalilt isl10t tJ:leirs,'for being in them'aj<MtYbdrn oftlielab'<ltlritig ril;tsse$,theyhavereinained illiterate or hav~':ndt been a:b!'eto tOlUplete their schooling), On the oihedil..nd, tne technicians and' intellectuals, who" fotlllerly gra(!i'iated from the French Universit!es,h1t ve a certain crtU\tral level butknow'l1ttleabout politics: '(Wecannot reptoach tlil;iu with this either, for throughbut6urerghty :s'earli'6f sHivery,' have the imperialists ever thought of' educating

'the Vietnamese 'people politidally'?" 'Have they 'ever allowed the' Vi~tna.inese people to sfudy or"go il1fot politics? Their salt! concern was the. formatioti"of a class of y'oung ,VMnamese' irtteUectuals'\vb:o' wQuldset,ve, them l;l1el'ei'y (is'th:eidoois:, .. ), ' ',',,'

"Tfi~r~+ore1;lie trailling of existing ~adl'es ,!isweU 'as of new ones' atthispres~nt timemusta.im ,atsripptessin~ fhf~ contr<tdictiori: EXis'tirigcadies mrt~t ]:Ie gratitetl tiln'e and)ITtat~r1klc0iiciitiQns in ~hich1'(1 raIse their;e'duca' , tional ,: ieVet. ,'and ,,' t.neor,etica.l political knowledge,. A' " movement, tostitilulate a fervent eagerness for stud~, without causing anyueglect of their dailytask"but' coordinated with this :t~;kl',mlist ,be 'launched, By()ur ' p,rQpaganda, we must enCourage th~ intellectual~ and technicians to join politica\grQupsand attend :PQliticai' training' dass,es, , ' ,

, We must criticize 'the wrong attitude'of some Vietminhcadres (inchlding 'commuriists) vv!lOmake

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light. qf, int~llectua's and 'tecirllicians, are .. prejudiced against tirem, ,keep no cO.n.tact with them, do not emplqy t,l1em an\iare advers~ to leJl,rning.fmmthem; .But at.the ~awe time we,m\lst put right the point of;view of some non - Vietminh intellectuals whq . think that the Viet­minh andcommullist cadres who have worthily led the :Revolution to the seiz\~r~ (jf .po~ermust now "withdraw'; frOm the political are,~a and tral)~f~r th'etask.ofn!\tiOllal ·reoollstruction tqtrained intelJectuals and technici ails,

. :rhose who llurture these thoughts fail to u~cler~tand thaHlie COmirlunistand Vieiminh militants who marched, in. the . vangua,rd during . the.perio:Q. ·of underground str.uggl.eior,the liberatioll of the Fatperland must now mbre than ever keep, their, v<\ngu"rd role,devoting their. politicalknowleqgeand. revolutiOllary' ~pirit to the work'pC,national defence,fl,nd hation,alrecoristructi(m,

. ·A¢omforting knowledge for .us)s the fact that, from the . Aug.]lst .•. Revolution. • ·onw.ards, intelle.ctuals have . adhered in ever greaterOUmbers to tWa VietmiuIlLeagq.e, Struggling among the people's ranks~ they haveshownari . ,eagerpatriotismalld.tespect fQrrarty4isGij?iille,. They , ".' ',' ,.' ,,' , ,'. .,,:., ,1\ " ,'<' " I: ,.'",' i' ,

a~enow •. <;l~v.elnplng illtn .. go.f!d.,reVQ1!lt~Qll~ry Gadre$., great~yde)lerYing tJ,J:ec0n&ct~nce xifthi. entire people.

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August. 1945,

A):tgl:l~t 1946:'

CONCLUSION

'One year has vasged, worth a whole,' deca.de ,for' the ellperiences gained. By the August Revolution, the Vietnamese people have broken the imperialist fetters; to march forward with giant strides. Steeled through their millenary vast of struggle and sacrifice, the Vietnamese' veovleare enthusiastically launched upon the conquest of:a bright futvre. They have a.lways been a young, healthy people whose rich and vowerful vitality continues to develop with 'every

.passing day" to, the, astonishment of the whole world. The. Vietnamese. people have covered quite a '

good distance on their patl;l ,of independence and' · liberation.. HQwever,the goal has not been reached

yet. They have topress forwa:tdandcontinue. to press forwa.rd. Many . obstacles . have . arisen oli' the road already travelled, but thanks to their spirit 01 unity, .to ,their struggle and, their stret~uous.eflbrts, the Viet~ namese people have~ained their. first '-Yi~tories. ' . , , , Inthesed~ys\ .the'resistance in Sorith Vietnllm

. and South:Centta\Vi';tnam is stiUgoing on. This.heroic, .. ' tenaci",usstruggle for 'self-defence. develops the achie- .

· ve.ments of the' August, Revolution \a4d. further steels " the traditional virtues of oUr people. '., ':.' . · 'l'heJ.<reoch reactionary'c()li>nialistslioped: to .. solve the,\,ietnamese problem by armedfotge according to th~ir OWn .wnI. But- the'Re.sistance war,carl'iedoutby

't!l~_Vietna,nese. peovie .. has. <s)latter~dth,eir illusions;

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The '. VietJlamesepeopl~i:gjr,~:·>'1eacl,y to .W!lge . ,8. long .§pi#ggle ,to' overcome, all difficulties anti; obstacles' and

. ",'restlIti:lelyfigjl.t all brutal plul)dere,s, alld, th~h:.~t(>oges . untiL,t,h&yre,cover the, integl1ty:,of, '.their"Jei!iitofY

and gain. complete iNDJ!:PENDENCE,' U'BE~'f¥·' and ,.#'A,Pi!'tLNESS,;.:, 'i' .•.. ". ",0'

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·

Glimpses of the life of

Ho Chi Minh President of the Democratic

, Republic of Vietnam

The name of President Ho Chi Minh is

now widely known throughout the world, as

are the Vietnamese Revolution of August

7945, the war of resistance and the Dien

Bien Phu victory in 7954.

Few people, however, know much about

the past life of this legendary revolutionary.

"Glimpses of the life of Ho Chi Minh"

will fascinate all readers who are eager to

learn about this great leader of Ihe Viet·

namese people, the guiding spirit ot the

A ugust Revolution,