“Robot STOP GLOBAL WARMING”

MJSC TUN ABDUL RAZAK, PEKAN,

MALAYSIA2014

BY:

MUHAMMAD ALIF BIN MOHD FAIZAL(980903-10-7455)

JAYMOND RAJVARMA A/L KANTHY RAJAN (980921-08-6897)

CREATIVITY CATEGORY

- Robot : Stop Global Warming –

- Food Waste Management: An insight towards zero landfill & sustainability of recycling food

waste to compost.-

R3C3 Compost Robot

MUHAMMAD ALIF BIN MOHD FAIZAL(980903-10-7455)

JAYMOND RAJVARMA A/L KANTHY RAJAN(980921-08-6897)

This report is submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for the

Creative Category, MRSM Robofair 2014.

MRSM TUN ABDUL RAZAK

PEKAN, PAHANG

MALAYSIA

2014

I hereby declare that I have read this report and in myopinion this project is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the

MRSM ROBOFAIR 2014

CREATIVITY CATEGORY

....................................................TN. HJ. MOHD YUSOFF BIN HASSAN

PengetuaMaktab Rendah Sains MARA

Tun Abdul Razak PekanPahang.

DEDICATION

Specially dedicated

To our parents, families, brothers and sisters, teachers and friends who had given us the guidance, inspiration and support in our journey of learning.

Thanks for everything….

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude to Allah S.W.T for giving us the strength, knowledge and opportunity to complete this project entitled ROBOT : STOP GLOBAL WARMING. This report is prepared to fulfil part of the requirement in completing CREATIVITY CATEGORY - MRSM ROBOFAIR 2014.

Our heartily gratitude and appreciation to our beloved principal Tuan Haji Mohd Yusoff bin Hassan who has been our mentor, guiding us through with enthusiasm and encouragement. His continuous advice and constructive comments during this project were much appreciated.

Our special honour and appreciation to our teacher Encik Ismadey Ismail who has been supervisor, guiding us with motivation, advices and ideas

Our appreciation also goes to our beloved family, teacher and friends for their encouragement, love, patience and support to us all these years.

Nevertheless, our appreciation is also dedicated to all who shared their opinions, knowledge, assistance and experience directly or indirectly towards the accomplishment of this project.

Thank you.

ABSTRACT

As modernization and development continues to take place all around the world, waste management is becoming the major global environmental problem thus accelerating the toxic gases into the atmosphere. Over the past decade, generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased more than 91% [1]. The rapid increase in the density of human population is the main caused for the MSW increased. High population growth rate and increased in economic activities in the urban areas of developing countries with a lacking of training in modern solid waste management practices complicates any efforts to improve the solid waste management services in almost all municipal council. Over the decade, landfilling is the most preferred method of MSW disposal and this method is not sustainable and has created a major environmental crisis – GLOBAL WARMING. Currently suitable disposal sites are becoming difficult to obtain and existing ones are almost exhausted. Overall, SWM in Malaysia is in infant stage with many challenges from the beginning of waste collection to the disposal waste.

This project is to propose a new solid waste management (SWM) using autonomous

composting robot from collection stage to disposal stage which emphasis on 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) of food waste and also adopting a 3C concept (Collect, Compost, Crop Sustainability). The prototype robot has a compost turner which immediately starts the composting process upon collecting the food waste from household, restaurants, hotels or any food production industries. Therefore landfill management will be improved and working towards a zero landfill is possible. With the reduction of food waste in garbage or landfill, the global methane emissions can be reduced. Globally 60% the total methane emissions come from human activities [2]. These landfill gases are produced when the bacteria breaks down organic waste in the absence of oxygen [2]. Food waste and organic matters need to be reuse and well managed in order to reduce the methane emissions due daily human lifestyle and activities. Therefore, the combination of R3C3 and its composting autonomous compost bin in this project help and accelerate the process period to compost food waste and organic matters so it can be reuse and produce renewable energy (a good source of nitrogen and carbon) for crop/urban farming. The garbage collection robot has a new twist compared to the existing traditional garbage trucks. R3C3-Bot is autonomous and can be remotely controlled by an operator

Keywords: Municipal solid waste (MSW), MSW management, 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), waste to energy, renewable energy.

1. Muhaimin Samsudin, Mohd Dinie, & Mat Don, Mashitah (2013). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Malaysia : Current Practices, Challenges and Prospect [Abstract]. 1-7. ‘Jurnal Teknologi’ in UTM Press.

2. EPA (2010). Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Natural Sources . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

Our dedicationAcknowledgementAbstract‘Abstrak’Table of content

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 What is global warming?

11.2 What causes global warming? 11.3 Effects from global warming 2

CHAPTER 2 Introduction of the project 2.1 Pareto’s Principal 32.2 Project Summary 32.3 Gantt chart 4

CHAPTER 3 Problem Statement3.1 Problem statement

53.1.1 Identify and list problems of landfills 53.1.2 Identify the root cause of each problem 63.1.3 Score problem 73.1.4 Group problem together by root cause 73.1.5 Add up scores for each group 73.1.6 Take action-R3C3 7

CHAPTER 4 Literature Review4.1 Literature review

8CHAPTER 5 Objective / Mission statement and objectives

5.1 Project mission 105.2 List of objectives / tasks 105.3 Brief explanation of the objectives 105.4 Overview of project flow 115.5 Robot testing and observation chart 125.6 Composting table and observation chart 12

CHAPTER 6 Design rationale, development and testing

6.1 Design work and rationale 136.2 Overview of system model 136.3 Sketch of robot design and development 14

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

CHAPTER 7 Discussion of results7.1 Discussion of experiment final results for compost 157.2 Discussion of experiment final results for R3C3 robot 167.3 Project and experiment fulfilled or otherwise? 17

CHAPTER 8 Conclusions, lessons learned and suggestions8.1 Brief discussion on the overall project development 188.2 Brief discussion on lessons learned 188.3 List of suggestions and future developments 19

APPENDIX:

LIST OF TABLESLIST OF FLOW-CHARTSSKETCHES

REFERENCES