Upload
truongduong
View
224
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
1
CTA/ASTRI:
stato, problemi, opportunita ̀
Giovanni Pareschi
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
on behalf of the ASTRI Collaboration
CTA/ASTRI:
stato, problemi, opportunita ̀
Giovanni Pareschi
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
on behalf of the ASTRI Collaboration
*
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
4
The current VHE status
MAGIC (2x17m)
VERITAS (4x12m)
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Mirror diam. 17 m
Coll. Area 240 m2
Focal length 17.5 m
FOV about 3 deg
Ang res. (d90) < 3‘
The MAGIC telescopes
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
6
TeV Sources
(a) The current catalog of VHE g-ray sources
plotted on the sky in Galactic coordinates.
(b) The H.E.S.S. survey of the Galactic plane.
(a) The current catalog of VHE g-ray sources
plotted on the sky in Galactic coordinates.
(b) The H.E.S.S. survey of the Galactic plane.
Hinton & Hofmann, 2009
Hinton & Hofmann, 2009
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Panel
Preparation
Slumping &
Curing
Glass
Gluing
INAF Production Sequence for Mirrors
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
After 4 years still in very good
conditions
Being implemented also for
MAGIC I
Succesfully implemented in MAGIC II !
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
10
CTA main goals
CTA will consist of two arrays of Cherenkov telescopes, which
aim to:
• increase sensitivity by 1 order of magnitude @ 1 TeV;
• boost significantly the detection area
• improve the angular resolution
• provide uniform energy coverage from some tens of GeV to
beyond 100 TeV;
• enhance the sky survey capability, monitoring capability and
flexibility of operation.
CTA will consist of two arrays of Cherenkov telescopes, which
aim to:
• increase sensitivity by 1 order of magnitude @ 1 TeV;
• boost significantly the detection area
• improve the angular resolution
• provide uniform energy coverage from some tens of GeV to
beyond 100 TeV;
• enhance the sky survey capability, monitoring capability and
flexibility of operation.
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
11
The CTA Concept
CTA plans the construction of about 100 telescopes divided in 3 kinds of
configurations, in order to cover the energy range from a tens of GeV
(Large Size Telescope, LST), to a tens of TeV (Medium Size Telescope,
MST), and up to 100 TeV (Small Size Telescope, SST).
CTA plans the construction of about 100 telescopes divided in 3 kinds of
configurations, in order to cover the energy range from a tens of GeV
(Large Size Telescope, LST), to a tens of TeV (Medium Size Telescope,
MST), and up to 100 TeV (Small Size Telescope, SST).
Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Construction
cost [M€]
Operations
cost [M€] Timescale
CTA 150 10 2013
E-ELT 950 30 2018
ELI 400 50 2015
FAIR 1187 120 2016
KM3NeT 200 5 2016
PRINS 1400 300 2009-2015
SKA (GLOBAL) 1500 100-150 2016
SPIRAL2 196 6.6 2014
CTA for the European Union:
the Preparatory Phase
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
16
CTA sensitivity
M. Martinez, Zeuthen 2010
ASTRI
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
18
CTA data rights
Operated as an ‘‘open’’ Observatory. Peer-reviewed process on
submitted proposal. Observations performed by Consortium experts.
Foreseen ‘‘legacy’’ data (Galactic Plane, full-sky survey, ...).
Operated as an ‘‘open’’ Observatory. Peer-reviewed process on
submitted proposal. Observations performed by Consortium experts.
Foreseen ‘‘legacy’’ data (Galactic Plane, full-sky survey, ...).
Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
>25 Countries
>132 Institutes
>1000 Persons
> 220 FTEs
>25 Countries
>132 Institutes
>1000 Persons
> 220 FTEs
• ITALY: 178
• INAF: 127
• Others (INFN + Univer.): 51
The CTA Consortium
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
• An interim legal entity for CTA will take over the consortium
organization for 2 years with 2 M€ of central funds to
administer
• It is required for site negotiations and site agreements, for In
Kind Contributions agreements, and a variety of other steps
• site preparation and installation of first telescopes ASTRI
mini-array
• European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC)
organized for the final implementation after the first 2 years
INAF aims to participate leading the implementation of the
70 SST array, delivering the mirrors for MST and hosting
the CTA HQ 20
CTA organization for the implementation phase
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
21
The ASTRI Project
The ASTRI Program is an Italian “Progetto Bandiera” funded by MIUR 8 M€ .
The main goal is the production, within the CTA framework and following its
requirements, of both an end-to-end prototype of the CTA SST to be tested under
field conditions in 2014, and a SST mini-array to be placed at the chosen CTA
Southern Site during 2016.
Also the development of the mirrors for the MST telescopes is an important goal.
INAF is in charge of the design and production of the mirrors and the camera, the
development of the end-to-end software, MC simulations and other related
activities.
INAF contributes with more than 21 FTE/year (end 2012) to the project (76 staff
members) + 21 FTE/year (100%) of young researchers hired within the contract . The
Project is subject to annual reviews by MIUR in order to review the status and allocate
the budget according to the following scheme: 2011 (3 M€), 2012 (2 M€), 2013 (1.5 M€),
and 2014 (1.3 M€).
The ASTRI Program is an Italian “Progetto Bandiera” funded by MIUR 8 M€ .
The main goal is the production, within the CTA framework and following its
requirements, of both an end-to-end prototype of the CTA SST to be tested under
field conditions in 2014, and a SST mini-array to be placed at the chosen CTA
Southern Site during 2016.
Also the development of the mirrors for the MST telescopes is an important goal.
INAF is in charge of the design and production of the mirrors and the camera, the
development of the end-to-end software, MC simulations and other related
activities.
INAF contributes with more than 21 FTE/year (end 2012) to the project (76 staff
members) + 21 FTE/year (100%) of young researchers hired within the contract . The
Project is subject to annual reviews by MIUR in order to review the status and allocate
the budget according to the following scheme: 2011 (3 M€), 2012 (2 M€), 2013 (1.5 M€),
and 2014 (1.3 M€).
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
25
The ASTRI Project
Principal Investigator G. Pareschi
Co-PIs O. Catalano & S. Vercellone
Program Manager M. Fiorini
System Engineer L. Stringhetti
INAF/CTA Responsible P. Caraveo
INAF Institutions IASF Milano, IASF Bologna, IASF Palermo
INAF HQ Roma, OA Brera, OA Torino, OA Padova, OA Bologna,
OA Arcetri, OA Roma, OA Capodimonte, OA Catania
University Partners Univer. of Padova, Univer. of Perugia
Principal Investigator G. Pareschi
Co-PIs O. Catalano & S. Vercellone
Program Manager M. Fiorini
System Engineer L. Stringhetti
INAF/CTA Responsible P. Caraveo
INAF Institutions IASF Milano, IASF Bologna, IASF Palermo
INAF HQ Roma, OA Brera, OA Torino, OA Padova, OA Bologna,
OA Arcetri, OA Roma, OA Capodimonte, OA Catania
University Partners Univer. of Padova, Univer. of Perugia
ASTRI SST-2M concept:
a large (9.6o) field of view dual-mirror
(Schwarschild-Couder) telescope;
a light (~50 kg) and compact (~50x50x50
cm3) camera based on Hamamatsu Si-
PMTs.
ASTRI SST-2M concept:
a large (9.6o) field of view dual-mirror
(Schwarschild-Couder) telescope;
a light (~50 kg) and compact (~50x50x50
cm3) camera based on Hamamatsu Si-
PMTs.
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
26
The ASTRI Prototype Mirrors
Mirrors’ main characteristics:
Primary Mirror diameter: 4.3 m (tessellated)
Secondary Mirror diameter: 1.8 m (monolithic)
f/0.5
Equivalent focal length: 2150 mm
Corrected FoV diameter: 9.6o
Mirrors’ main characteristics:
Primary Mirror diameter: 4.3 m (tessellated)
Secondary Mirror diameter: 1.8 m (monolithic)
f/0.5
Equivalent focal length: 2150 mm
Corrected FoV diameter: 9.6o
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
27
The Prototype Primary Mirror (M1)
• off-axis aspherical profile obtained
with the glass Cold-Shaping technology
• Physical Vapor Deposition of a
multilayer of pure dielectric materials
• off-axis aspherical profile obtained
with the glass Cold-Shaping technology
• Physical Vapor Deposition of a
multilayer of pure dielectric materials Triangle with mounting pins, 2
actuators, 1 fixed point, 1 tangential
restrain, and the alignment system.
Triangle with mounting pins, 2
actuators, 1 fixed point, 1 tangential
restrain, and the alignment system.
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
29
The ASTRI Prototype Camera
Camera’ main characteristics:
Detector type: monolithic MPPC array (SiPMs)
Logical Pixel size: 6.2 mm x 6.2 mm [0.17o]
Plate scale: 37.5 mm/o
Number of Pixels : 7936
• Number of channels : 1984 (grouping 2 x 2 pixels)
Camera’ main characteristics:
Detector type: monolithic MPPC array (SiPMs)
Logical Pixel size: 6.2 mm x 6.2 mm [0.17o]
Plate scale: 37.5 mm/o
Number of Pixels : 7936
• Number of channels : 1984 (grouping 2 x 2 pixels)
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
30
The ASTRI Prototype Camera
1 Unit
4x4 pixel
1px = 3mm x 3mm
1 Photon Detection Modul
(PDM) = 4x4 Units
1 ASTRI Focal Surface
37 PDMs
FoV diameter = 9.6o
Size imposed
by the
manufacturer
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
31
The ASTRI Prototype Camera
Mechanical housing drawing and 37 Photon Detection Modules
mounted on the mechanical housing.
Mechanical housing drawing and 37 Photon Detection Modules
mounted on the mechanical housing.
Mock-up of the mechanical housing + PDMs and sketch of the
ASTRI Camera with the Camera-Telescope I/F.
Mock-up of the mechanical housing + PDMs and sketch of the
ASTRI Camera with the Camera-Telescope I/F.
SiPM 4x4 Board
n.1
SiPM 4x4 Board
n.1
Photon Detection
Module - Board n.2
Photon Detection
Module - Board n.2
First prototype of a
4x4 PDMs Mosaic
with 3 SiPMs
already mounted
First prototype of a
4x4 PDMs Mosaic
with 3 SiPMs
already mounted
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
32
The ASTRI SST-2M Prototype Site
Main entrance
Guests House,
Offices and Labs 91cm Dome
Domes 61cm Dome
Fully operative INAF Observatory
High-speed internet connection
Mechanical & Electronics Labs
INAF - Catania Astrophysical Observatory
The "M. G. Fracastoro" Mountain Station - Serra La Nave (Mt.
Etna)
Altitude: 1735 m a.s.l.
Longitude: +14o 58’.4; Latitude +37o 41’.5
INAF - Catania Astrophysical Observatory
The "M. G. Fracastoro" Mountain Station - Serra La Nave (Mt.
Etna)
Altitude: 1735 m a.s.l.
Longitude: +14o 58’.4; Latitude +37o 41’.5
ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
Progress since Amsterdam
– Sicily meeting
■ Agenda of meeting and slides shown
available through CTA indico site:
■ https://www.cta-
observatory.org/indico/conferenceDis
play.py?confId=303
■ Visited site on ETNA at which
ASTRI prototype can be tested
5
Progress since Amsterdam
– Sicily meeting
■ Agenda of meeting and slides shown
available through CTA indico site:
■ https://www.cta-
observatory.org/indico/conferenceDis
play.py?confId=303
■ Visited site on ETNA at which
ASTRI prototype can be tested
5
An importan outreach program will be carried out by
INAF in collaboration with the Etna Park
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
33
ASTRI Prototype Major Milestones
ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
April 2013 ➔ call for tenders on
4 ASTRI SST-2M structures
[1 for the prototype and 3 for the
mini-array phase 1]
June 2014 ➔ ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
in situ for scientific evaluation
ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
April 2013 ➔ call for tenders on
4 ASTRI SST-2M structures
[1 for the prototype and 3 for the
mini-array phase 1]
June 2014 ➔ ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
in situ for scientific evaluation
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
34
test The ASTRI mini-array concept
Our goal is the deployment and the
operation of a mini-array composed of a
few SST-2M telescopes at the final CTA
southern site.
Our goal is the deployment and the
operation of a mini-array composed of a
few SST-2M telescopes at the final CTA
southern site.
An ancient concept... An ancient concept...
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
35
Major Milestones
ASTRI SST-2M mini-array
CTA Southern site should be decided within the current
milestone
2014 - 2015 ➔ ASTRI mini-array re-assessment study
2015 - 2016 ➔ Extension of the ASTRI mini-array
[phase 2], and mini-array
deployment phase.
ASTRI SST-2M mini-array
CTA Southern site should be decided within the current
milestone
2014 - 2015 ➔ ASTRI mini-array re-assessment study
2015 - 2016 ➔ Extension of the ASTRI mini-array
[phase 2], and mini-array
deployment phase.
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
36
Namibia – Aar
Argentina – San Antonio de los Cobres
Chile – Cerro Armazones (Antofagasta)
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
• ASTRI consortium
• University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa 300
kEuro already approved
• Brasil 1500 kEuro requested to the San Paulo local funding agency
• CHEC (Cherenkov High Energy Camera) – UK consortium
in kind contribution on cameras
• GATE SST group - Observatoire de Paris
in kind contribution on structures
• University of Amsterdam pending proposal for in kind contribution
• CNEA, Argentina in kind contribution (international agreement
Italia/Argentina)
• DESY (MST) MOU under finalization
Institutes and organizations participating in the mini-
array
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
40
INAF TRIO
South Africa
BRASILIAN TRIO
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
ASTRI
Crab
10% Crab
1% Crab
Exploration of
the EHE regime
of galactic
sources
MINI-ARRAY
Not only a technology pathfinder but also very good science is
possible when FERMI and SWIFT will be in operation!
ASTRI miniarry expected
performance Energy resolution: ~ 10 % @10 TeV (vs.
20 % di HAWC)
Angular Resolution: 0.06-0.07 deg @10
TeV (improving with the energy) vs. 0.2
deg of HAWC
Possibility of very long integrations on a
sample of selected source
Great improvement at low energies if
also two or more MST are
implemented!
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
43
Southern Hemisphere
• Vela X ➔ 30x10-12
• RX J1713 ➔ 10
•Vela Junior ➔ 10
•HESS J1616 ➔ 6
•HESS J1837 ➔ 4
•HESS J1813 ➔3
•HESS J1825 ➔ 3
•HESS J1745/GC ➔ 2
•HESS J1702 ➔ 2
•HESS J1804 ➔ 2 HESS J1303 ➔
2
•HESS J1718 ➔ 2
•LS 5039 ➔ 0.5-2
• Vela X ➔ 30x10-12
• RX J1713 ➔ 10
•Vela Junior ➔ 10
•HESS J1616 ➔ 6
•HESS J1837 ➔ 4
•HESS J1813 ➔3
•HESS J1825 ➔ 3
•HESS J1745/GC ➔ 2
•HESS J1702 ➔ 2
•HESS J1804 ➔ 2 HESS J1303 ➔
2
•HESS J1718 ➔ 2
•LS 5039 ➔ 0.5-2
A few observable in pairs with
~9 degree FoV.
Opportunity for
serendipitous detections of
new hard spectrum Galactic
sources.
A few observable in pairs with
~9 degree FoV.
Opportunity for
serendipitous detections of
new hard spectrum Galactic
sources.
Hinton & Vercellone, 2012
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
45
5 SSTs + 2 MSTs = CTA seed
Coupling the SSTs miniarray with 2 MSTs
would constitute the first real CTA precursor.
Dramatic boosting in performance.
MST Team at DESY already contacted and
willing to tighten the collaboration.
Coupling the SSTs miniarray with 2 MSTs
would constitute the first real CTA precursor.
Dramatic boosting in performance.
MST Team at DESY already contacted and
willing to tighten the collaboration.
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
46
Next Steps
Courtesy of R. Canestrari
HMMM....
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
47
Next Steps
SST & MST
Courtesy of R. Canestrari
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
49
Summary
We plan to start the ASTRI SST-2M Prototype activities at Serra
La Nave during Spring 2014.
The ASTRI Prototype will allow us to test the main innovative
components: the optical dual-mirror design and the SiPM-based
focal plane.
We are fully compliant w.r.t. the CTA requirements and we work on
a day-by-day basis in collaboration with the CTA technical
management.
The SST mini-array will be a quantum-leap w.r.t. the ASTRI SST-
2M prototype performance, allowing us to validate several CTA
array properties.
We plan to start the ASTRI SST-2M Prototype activities at Serra
La Nave during Spring 2014.
The ASTRI Prototype will allow us to test the main innovative
components: the optical dual-mirror design and the SiPM-based
focal plane.
We are fully compliant w.r.t. the CTA requirements and we work on
a day-by-day basis in collaboration with the CTA technical
management.
The SST mini-array will be a quantum-leap w.r.t. the ASTRI SST-
2M prototype performance, allowing us to validate several CTA
array properties.
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
• http://www.brera.inaf.it/astri/
• http://www.cta-observatory.org
51
For more information: