Csm51MAR2002 TYRE SAFETY Partners in Road Safety John Graham & Martin Keen ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

csm51MAR2002

TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

Partners in Road SafetyJohn Graham & Martin Keen

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

TYRE SAFETYWORN OUT TYRES

csm51MAR2002

ALL FROM ALL FROM ONE ONE TRUCKTRUCK


csm51MAR2002

ALL FROM ALL FROM ONE ONE TRUCKTRUCK


csm51MAR2002

FROM FROM ONE ONE TRUCKTRUCK

TYRE SAFETYOVERLOADING

15 Tonnes Overload on 25T capacity King Trailer .

!!

csm51MAR2002

DO NOT OVERLOAD TYRES!


csm51MAR2002

Prime mover overloaded on rear axle

Two tyres blew: immobilised Truck.

A following vehicle ran into rear

One Dead

Tyre overloading was a Tyre overloading was a significant contributing significant contributing factor to this fatalityfactor to this fatality


csm51MAR2002

Grossly overloaded rear single axle Grossly overloaded rear single axle of Prime Mover.of Prime Mover.

Tyre blew.Tyre blew.

Driver pulled over onto sloping hard Driver pulled over onto sloping hard shoulder.shoulder.

Centre of Gravity did the rest.Centre of Gravity did the rest.

Tyres were overloaded- started Tyres were overloaded- started the sequence of events.the sequence of events.

TYRE SAFETY

csm51MAR2002

Tanker was driven I Km on “Flat” Tanker was driven I Km on “Flat” Tyre.Tyre.

Tread SeparatedTread Separated

Driver OverreactedDriver Overreacted

ROLLOVERROLLOVER

Running on a deflated tyre, a Running on a deflated tyre, a significant contributory factor significant contributory factor in this incidentin this incident

TYRE SAFETYUNSAFE CONDITUION

csm51MAR2002

Tread separating from inside dual Tread separating from inside dual tyre of tyre of a BUSa BUS--”egged”--”egged”

Drivers Daily Checks done??Drivers Daily Checks done??

How long was this tyre like this???How long was this tyre like this???

TYRE SAFETYFAST and HOT = OVERHEATING

csm51MAR2002

High speed journey from High speed journey from Muscat over 120kph non Muscat over 120kph non stop -past Nizwa, front stop -past Nizwa, front tyre blew.tyre blew.

Rollover No seatbelts being Rollover No seatbelts being worn TWO DEADworn TWO DEAD

TYRE SAFETYFAST and HOT

csm51MAR2002

Tread Separation. Driver lost Tread Separation. Driver lost control ran off roadcontrol ran off road.

Again, a long distance Again, a long distance fast trip in heat. fast trip in heat. Tyre pressures checked??Tyre pressures checked??

Tyres are the Tyres are the only points of contactonly points of contact between your vehicle and the between your vehicle and the road. They affect steering, braking and acceleration.road. They affect steering, braking and acceleration.

Your Safety therefore depends on a relatively small contact patch Your Safety therefore depends on a relatively small contact patch or “tyre-footprint” area.or “tyre-footprint” area.

YOU MUST TAKE CARE OF YOUR TYRESYOU MUST TAKE CARE OF YOUR TYRES

NEGLECTING THEM CAN COST LIVESNEGLECTING THEM CAN COST LIVES

Most tyres nowadays are tubeless ; Constructed in a Most tyres nowadays are tubeless ; Constructed in a manner that does away with an inflatable inner tube. manner that does away with an inflatable inner tube. These tyres normally have the mark “TL” or “Tubeless” These tyres normally have the mark “TL” or “Tubeless” written on their sidewalls.written on their sidewalls.



Tubeless TyreTubeless TyreTyre and the rim of the wheel together form an

air container-the inner wall of the tyre has an airtight lining.

Air movement during puncture of a tubeless tyre:

If a sharp object, eg. a nail, punctures the tread, air escapes only around the nail. Generally results in gradual deflation as long as the nail remains in the tyre: a typical ““SLOW puncture”

Tubed TyreTubed TyreTyre is kept inflated by air in the inner tube. Air Tyre is kept inflated by air in the inner tube. Air pressure causes the tube`s valve to fit into, and pressure causes the tube`s valve to fit into, and thus seal, the valve hole in the wheel rim.thus seal, the valve hole in the wheel rim.

Air movement during puncture of a tubed tyre:

If a sharp object goes through the tread and puntures the tube, tube (and valve) immediately shrink leaving the valve hole unsealed. Air escapes QUICKLY, entire tyre collapses = flat flat tyre in seconds.tyre in seconds.

DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:

•The rubbing of the inner tube against the tyre casing (designed to be tubeless, therefore tubeless tyres have rougher inside linings) creates additional heat increasing the likelihood of tyre failure.

TUBELESS TYRES HAVE BETTERTUBELESS TYRES HAVE BETTER• HANDLING, HANDLING, •RIDE COMFORT RIDE COMFORT •SAFETY CHARACTERISTICSSAFETY CHARACTERISTICSDO NOT DIMINISH THESE ADVANTAGES BY DO NOT DIMINISH THESE ADVANTAGES BY FITTING TUBES TO TUBELESS TYRES.FITTING TUBES TO TUBELESS TYRES.


DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:

• By inserting a tube into a tubeless tyre it is converted By inserting a tube into a tubeless tyre it is converted completely into a tube-type tyre and rim combination : completely into a tube-type tyre and rim combination : ie. It will deflate very quickly when punctured, and you ie. It will deflate very quickly when punctured, and you may lose control of the vehicle.may lose control of the vehicle.

•The running characteristics of the tubeless tyre can be The running characteristics of the tubeless tyre can be adversely affected by inserting a tube, eg. Side wall adversely affected by inserting a tube, eg. Side wall flexibility. flexibility.

•


CHECK TYRES DAILYCHECK TYRES DAILY•Correct tyre pressures-including sparesCorrect tyre pressures-including spares•Tread Depth (min1.6mm over 75% of tread width)Tread Depth (min1.6mm over 75% of tread width)•No cuts, bumps or lumpsNo cuts, bumps or lumps•No bulges or tearsNo bulges or tears•No mixing of different tyres on same axle (weight rating, No mixing of different tyres on same axle (weight rating, tread, type)tread, type)•No cord or ply showingNo cord or ply showing•Tyres suitable for vehicle use and loadingTyres suitable for vehicle use and loading•No stones wedged between dual tyresNo stones wedged between dual tyres•Store tyres correctly-upright, in cool & dry, rotate stockStore tyres correctly-upright, in cool & dry, rotate stock•Use a tyre cage when inflating heavy tyresUse a tyre cage when inflating heavy tyres


NEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVESNEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVES


csm51MAR2002



kPa kPa bar bar lb/inlb/in22(psi) (psi) kPa kPa bar bar lb/inlb/in22(psi) (psi)

150 150 1.5 1.5 22.0 22.0 200 200 2.0 2.0 29.0 29.0

160 160 1.6 1.6 23.0 23.0 210 210 2.1 2.1 30.5 30.5

170 170 1.7 1.7 24.5 24.5 220 220 2.2 2.2 32.0 32.0

180 180 1.8 1.8 26.0 26.0 230 230 2.3 2.3 33.5 33.5

190 190 1.9 1.9 27.5 27.5 240 240 2.4 2.4 35.0 35.0

Equivalent Pressures:

csm51MAR2002

THE FACTSTHE FACTS


Total Vehicles Checked 2282 1186 3468

Vehicles With 1 or more Cat "A" Defects 166 294 460

Cat "A" Defects 258 427 685

Total defects (A,B,C,D) 1549 2164 3713

Tyre Defects 116 212 328

% Tyre Defects of Cat "A" Defects 45% 50% 48%

% Tyre Defects of Total Defects 7% 10% 9%

Period From 01/10/2001 To 22/03/2002

Light Vehicles Heavy Vehicles Total


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THETHE ENDEND

Documents

Csm51MAR2002 TYRE SAFETY Partners in Road Safety John Graham & Martin Keen ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM