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October 2006 1
CSI Formats and Building Information Modeling
Roger J GrantDirector Technical Services and Development,
The Construction Specifications Institute
Federal Facilities Council Government/Industry Forum
October 31, 2006
October 2006 2
PhasesPhases
ProcessesProcesses
Information Information StandardStandardss
Cost estimateCost estimateDetailed Design,
Specification, Product search, selection
Detailed Design, Specification, Product
search, selection
Bid packages,
price discovery
Bid packages,
price discovery
Purchasing, Scheduling,
Change mgmt
Purchasing, Scheduling,
Change mgmt
Conceptual Design,
Cost Planning
Conceptual Design,
Cost Planning
Asset modeling,Facility mgmt.
Asset modeling,Facility mgmt.
BiddingPre-projectPlanning
PreliminaryDesign Procurement Construction OperationsDesign
North American Information StandardsNorth American Information Standards
National BIM StandardNational BIM Standard
OmniClassOmniClass
MasterFormatMasterFormat
UniFormatUniFormat UniFormatUniFormat
National CAD Standard
National CAD Standard
Uniform Facility Guide SpecsUniform Facility Guide Specs
Industry Foundation Classes (ifc)Industry Foundation Classes (ifc)
Open Standards Consortium for Real Estate (OSCRE)
Open Standards Consortium for Real Estate (OSCRE)
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
October 2006 3
UniFormat Elemental Classification System
A SubstructureA10Foundations Level 2
A1010 Standard Foundations Level 3
A1010.XX Wall Foundations Level 4
A1010.XX Column Foundations
Level 5
B Shell
C Interiors
D Services
E Equipment and Furnishings
F Special Construction and Demolition
G Building Sitework
Z General
October 2006 5
MasterFormat is organized MasterFormat is organized to integrate the Lifeto integrate the Life--Cycle of Cycle of
the Facilitythe Facility
MasterFormatWork Results
Classification System 50 Divisions
Division Numbers and TitlesProcurement and Contracting Requirement Group:Div. 00 Procurement and Contracting
RequirementsSpecification Group:General Requirements SubgroupDiv. 01 General RequirementsFacilities Construction SubgroupDiv. 02 Existing ConditionsDiv. 03 ConcreteDiv. 04 MasonryDiv. 05 MetalsDiv. 06 Wood, Plastics, and ComponentsDiv. 07 Thermal and Moisture ProtectionDiv.08 OpeningsDiv. 09 FinishesDiv. 10 SpecialtiesDiv. 11 EquipmentDiv. 12 FurnishingsDiv. 13 Special ConstructionDiv. 14 Conveying EquipmentDiv. 15 – 19 Reserved for Future ExpansionFacility Services Subgroup:Div. 20 Reserved for Future ExpansionDiv. 21 Fire SuppressionDiv..22 PlumbingDiv. 23 HVACDiv. 25 Integrated AutomationDiv. 26 ElectricalDiv 27 CommunicationsDiv. 28 Electronic Safety and security.Site and Infrastructure:Div. 30 - 39Process Equipment SubgroupDiv. 40 Process IntegrationDiv. 41 Material Processing and handlingDiv 43 - 49
October 2006 7
SectionFormat
PART 1 GENERAL
SUMMARY REFERENCES DEFINITIONS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SUBMITTALS QUALITY ASSURANCEDELIVERY, STORAGE,
AND HANDLINGPROJECT/SITE*
CONDITIONSSEQUENCING SCHEDULINGWARRANTYSYSTEM STARTUP OWNER'S INSTRUCTIONS COMMISSIONINGMAINTENANCE
PART 2 PRODUCTS
MANUFACTURERS EXISTING PRODUCTS
MATERIALSMANUFACTURED UNITSEQUIPMENTCOMPONENTSACCESSORIESMIXESFABRICATIONFINISHESSOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
PART 3 EXECUTION
INSTALLERS EXAMINATIONPREPARATIONERECTION INSTALLATION APPLICATION CONSTRUCTIONREPAIR/RESTORATION RE-
INSTALLATION FIELD QUALITY CONTROLADJUSTINGCLEANINGDEMONSTRATIONPROTECTIONSCHEDULES
Provides a uniform approach to organizing specification text contained in a Project Manual
Properties
Materials
Products
October 2006 8
Need – Bi-directional Information Flow and Cross-referencing
Various documents share same information structures , however, information generated in each document cannot directly be transferred to another application or cross-referenced
Designed elements(compositon of products)
Design Description
Elemental CostEST.
Preliminary ProjectDes.
Unit Cost est. Construction Specs.Outline Specs.
Element categories Element categories Work resultcategories
Work resultcategories
Work resultcategories
- Designed elements& Associated costs
Description of:- Designed elements,& Associated Products- AssociatedRequirements
Description of:- Products- Activities- Product Req.- Activity Req.- Other Spec.
- Labor- Equipment- Product& Associated costs
Organizationalstructure
Informationcontent
Description of:- Products- Activities- Product Req.- Activity Req.- Other Spec.
Common Information structures among variousdocuments
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 9
OmniClass – Classification System for the Built EnvironmentWorkGroup 1:11 Construction Entities
by Function12 Construction Entities
by Form 13 Spaces by Function 14 Spaces by Form
WorkGroup 2:21 Elements - UniFormat22 Work Results –
MasterFormat 0423 Products
WorkGroup 3:31 Phases32 Services33 Disciplines34 Organizational
Roles35 Tools36 Information
WorkGroup 4:41 Materials49 Properties
October 2006 10
MasterFormatConstruction Work Results,
Requirements, Products, Activities
UniFormatSystems and Assemblies
Construction Entities by
Form
Construction Entities by FunctionSpaces
by Function
Spaces by Form
ProductsPhases
Elements & Design
Elements
Work Results
Tools
Materials
Properties
Information
Services
Disciplines
Organizational Roles
OmniClassConstruction Information
Relation of MasterFormat and UniFormat to OmniClass
October 2006 11
Industry Foundation Classes • Set of internationally
standardized construction industry object definitions
• Basis – integration of objects across project life cycle using a single model
• IFC stores object data –geometry, 3D dimensions, location, relationships, properties
• IFC and OmniClass intersect in Elements and Properties Table
Building_part
Door2 Window_frame
4
Window6
Glass7
frame
glass S[1:?]
Room8
Room_connection9
windows S[0:?]door
relating
relatedRoom_id
3identification
International Open Standard = IFC model
October 2006 12
Building elements - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
IfcElement: Generalization of all components that make up an AEC product.
IfcBuildingElement: The building element comprises all elements that areprimarily part of the construction of a building, i.e., its structural and spaceseparating system.
IfcElementIfcBuildingElementIfcDistributionElementIfcElectricalElementIfcElementAssemblyIfc ElementComponentIfcEquipmentElementIfcFeatureElementIfcTransportElementIfcVirtualElement
IfcBuildingElementIfcBeamIfcBuildingElementComponentIfcBuildingElementProxyIfcColumnIfcCoveringIfcCurtainWallIfcDoorIfcFootingIfcMemberIfcPileIfcPlateIfcRailingIfcRampIfcRampFlightIfcRoofIfcSlabIfcStairIfcStairFlightIfcWallIfcWallStandardCaseIfcWindow
October 2006 13
In IFC functions are defined as properties rather than the basis oftheir classification.
Building elements - IFC
Property Set Attachment(IfcRelDefinesByProperties)
IfcWall objects
Property set isattached
Pset_WallCommon
- Is External- Load Bearing-Compartmentation- Extend to structure- ...
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 14
Relation of OmniClass & UniFormat to IfcElements
Currently OmniClass elements (which are very close to UniFormat Elements) represents assemblies rather than individual elements. Thus, some elements in OmniClass correspond to aggregation of a number of elements in IFC such as :
IfcWall
IfcCovering
OmniClassExterior Wall
OmniClassBearing Wall
OmniClassRetaining Wall
IfcBeam
IfcColumn
IfcSlab
OmniClassFloor
Construction
OmniClassRoof
Construction
- many to many relations
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 15
OmniClass elements table – Requirements for incorporating designed elements
Identifying the designed types for elements which represents assemblies might result in infeasible number of designed elements.
ExteriorWall
(defined as anassembly)
CMU wall, with extrudedpolystrene insulation, andbrick facing
Designedelement
FunctionalElement
CMU wall, with extrudedpolystrene insulation, andexterior plaster finishing
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 16
Taxonomies
• Taxonomies are hierarchical thesauri –relating broader and narrower concepts and providing terminology alternatives for identifying these concepts
• Taxonomies can help establish a controlled vocabulary
• OmniClass and the IFD provide a basis for establishing a taxonomy
October 2006 17
OmniClass
International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD)
InternationalFramework
Dictionary (IFD)
LexiCon
BARBiOther International
Thesaurus
Other InternationalTaxonomy
North American Construction
Industry Taxonomy
October 2006 18
Point–to–point Communication
A BCommunication isConveying meaning
A BMessage
Communication mediumConceptsto be com-municated
Message formed
Message received, decoded,concepts understood
Encoding
October 2006 19
Encoding of a Message
A
Conceptsto be com-municated
Message formed
Semantics
Syntax
Content
Meaning - Data model
Format
Instance Data
Encoding
October 2006 20
Agree on Semantics and Syntax
HVACArchitect
FacilitiesManager
ConstructionManager
LightingDesigner
StructuralEngineer
BuildingOwner
CivilEngineer
SharedSemantics &
Syntax
• Participants can communicate using a common language
• Any participant can communicate with any other participant
• Facilitates high performance teams
October 2006 21
Op/maint.manuals
Diagnosticdata
Op/maint.manuals
Diagnosticdata
RFI/RFQ,Shop
drawings,Order entry,
Invoice,tracking
RFI/RFQ,Shop
drawings,Order entry,
Invoice,tracking
SubmittalsSubmittalsPlanning, Feasibility Analysis
Planning, Feasibility Analysis
Tech data,Specs,
DrawingsConfigurators
Tech data,Specs,
DrawingsConfigurators
OrganizedOrganizedTransparentTransparentInformationInformation
Goal of Using StandardsGoal of Using Standards
Requestsfor
clarification during
bid stage
Requestsfor
clarification during
bid stage