CSEC Biology June 2014 P2

TEST CODE OI2O7O2O]|MAY/JUNE 2OI4

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCILCARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 -

General ProficiencY

2 hours 30 minutes

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTILYOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

FORM TP 2014045 %.

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

2.

This paper consists of SIX questions in two sections. Answer ALLquestions.

For SectionA, write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

Do NOT write in the margins.

For Section B, write your answers in the spaces provided at the end ofeach question, in this booklet.

Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated by diagrams'

If you need to re-write any answer and there is not enough space to doso on the original page, you must request extra lined pages from theinvigilator. Remember to draw a line through your original answerand correctly number your new answer in the box provided.

If you use extra pages you MUST write your registration numberand question number clearly in the boxes provided at the top ofEVERY extra page.

3.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Copyright @ 2012 Caribbean Examinations CouncilAll rishts reserved.

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SECTION A

AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

(a) Figure I shows drawings of different types of fish collected by marine biologists who arestudying the distribution of organisms living in a marine ecosystem.

Figure 1. Fish collected from a marine ecosystem

(D Construct a table in the space below to classiff the fish in Figure I into groupsusing TWO visible features other than size.

(3 marks)

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(ii) A gill from one of the fish is shown in Figure 2. Annotate Figure 2 to illustrateTWO characteristics that make the gill suitable for gaseous exchange. (2 marks)

Figure 2. Gill of a fish

(iii) State TWO reasons why gaseous exchange is important in living organisms'

(2 marks)

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-5-Figure 3 shows a food web that the biologists constructed to describe therelationships observed in this marine ecosystem'

Predatory fish

Jellyfish

Zooplankton(microscopic animals)

Sea grassPhytoplankton

(microscopic plants)

Figure 3. Food web in the marine ecosystem

(i) Identiff TWO producers in the food web in Figure 3'

(b)

Butterfly

/II

'0"'\ t 1\ tlLoggerhead sea turtle

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(microscoP \ ll\\tCorals with

zooxanthellae

(iii)

(2 marks)

(ii) State TWO characteristics of producers in a food web.

(2 marks)

Corals are found in shallow waters and contain microscopic algae known aszooxanthellae which contain chloroplasts. The corals provide the algae with carbondioxide, shelter and protection, while the algae provide the corals with nutrientsand oxygen.

Identiff the type of feeding relationship between the coral and the zooxanthellaeand give a reason for Your answer.

(2 marks)GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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(c) At six-month intervals over a three-year period, marine biologists collected data on theestimated population size of parrotfish and a predatory fish. Table I presents this data.

TABLE 1: ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PARROTFISH AND PREDATORY FISHOVER THREE YEARS

(D Represent the data in Table 1 on a suitable graph on the grid provided onpage 7. (6 marks)

(ii) Suggest an explanation for the differences in the shapes of the graphs.

(2 marks)

Name TWO features that the predatory fish may have that allow it to carry out itsrole as a predator.

Suggest what the likely consequences wouldpredatory fish is NOT controlled.

(2 marks)

be if the population size of the

(iii)

(iv)

Time (Months) Estimated Number ofParrotfish

Estimated Number ofPredatory Fish

Jantary 2007 2 500 35

June 2007 2 000 40

December 2007 | 200 55June 2008 I 100 80December 2008 970 95

June 2009 400 105

December 2009 200 120

(2 marks)Total25 marks


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(a), Figure 4 shows an external view of the human heart.

(i) Identif, the structures labelled A, B and C in Figure 4. Write your answers onthe lines provided in Figure 4. (3 marks)

left pulmonaryartery

Figure 4. External view of the human heart

Explain how the function of the heart may be affected by a blockage of the bloodvessel shown at X.

(2 marks)

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(b) Figure 5 shows blood vessels used to transport fluids around the body of a mammal.

Blood Vessel A Blood Vessel B

f igure 5. Blood vessels in a mammal

(D Which blood vessel, A or B, represents a vein?

(iD Identifu ONE structurefunction.

visible in Figure 5 which helPs a

(1 mark )

vein to carry out its

(1 mark )

(iii) Explain how the structure identified in (b) (ii) allows the vein to fulfil its function.

(2 marks)

(iv) Diets high in saturated fats may lead to the formation of plaques in blood vessels.Explain how slrch deposits may lead to hypertension.

(2 marks)


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Figure 6 shows the transport vessels of a flowering plant.

Figure 6. Transport vessels in a flowering plant

Identiff the vessels shown at Positions P and Q in Figure 6.

P...............

4.. .. . (2 marks)Explain why plants do NOT need an organ like a heart in their transport system, and outlineONE mechanism by which plants move fluids through their transport vessels.

(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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(a) Figure 7 is a diagram of a nephron found in a human kidney'

Figure 7. Diagram of a nePhron

Identiff the structures labelled A, B and C in Figure 7 and briefly describe theprocess that takes place in EACH of these structures'

A...............

Process

(i)

EI

Process

(ii) Name the hormone secretedwater in body cells.

(6 marks)

by the pituitary gland when there is NOT enough

(1 mark )


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(b)

(iii) Explain why the composition ofurine produced at X would differ in someone whodrank a lot of wateriompared to someone who had no water to drink for over24 hours.

(4 marks)

Table 2 shows a comparison of the substances found in the urine of a healthy person andthat of someone who is diabetic.

TABLE 2: COMPOSITION OF URINE OF A HEALTITY PERSON AND OF ADIABETIC PERSON

(D Explain why there is glucose in the urine of the diabetic person, assuming that thekidneys are functioning ProPerlY.

(2 marks)

(iD Describe TWO ways of managing diabetes mellitus.

Substance7o in Urine of HealthY

Person7o in Urine of Diabetic

Person

Glucose

Protein

Urea

Sodium chloride

Water

0

0

2.0

0.6

95

10.0

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(2 marks)

Total 15 marks


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SECTION B

AnswerALL questions-

write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of each question'

(a) With the aid of a diagram, outline THREE processes which return carbon to the atmosphereand ONE which removes it. (Include the form in which the carbon is found in theatmosphere.) (6 marks)

(b) Describe the impact of cutting down or burning large areas of forest on the recycling ofcarbon. (6 marks)

(c) Suggest THREE ways in which humans can make changes in their day-to-day activitiesto reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere' (3 marks)

Total 15 marks

Write your answer to Question 4 here.

Space for diagram for (a)


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(b)

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Define the terms 'genotype', 'phenotype', 'recessive'and 'dominant' (4 marks)

(D Albinism (lack of pigmentation) is an example of discontinuous variation. GiveTWO examples of traits that show continuous variation. (2 marks)

(ii) Aman with normal pigmentation and an albino woman produce two children, oneof whom is an albino. Using appropriate symbols, draw a genetics diagram toshow the genotypes of the parents and the expected phenotypes of the offspring.(Note that albinism is a trait caused by the inheritance of a recessive allele.)

(5 marks)

(c) Many of the antibiotics used to control tuberculosis are no longer effective. Use the theoryof natural selection to account for this. (4 marks)

Total 15 marks


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(a) (D Name THREE types oftissue which coordinate to bring about movement in animals,and state THREE reasons why it is important for animals to be able to move.(6 marks)

(ii) Explainwhy, unlike animals, plants are able to survive without moving fromplaceto place. (2 marks)

(b) A father saw his son step down onto the tarmac and watched as he ran towards him.Describe the changes that occurred in the father's eyes to keep his son's face in focus.(7 marks)

Total 15 marks


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END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED. CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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CSEC Biology June 2014 P2