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8/7/2019 CS-2234 - Lecture 1
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History of Internet
1950s and early 1960s
Communication between stations on the samenetwork
Terminals connecting to central mainframe via long
leased lines
Problem of connecting disparate type ofnetworks
Need for Inter-networking
Solved by Packet switching
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Transition Towards Internet
TCP/IP (late 1970s)
Term Internet first used
Several Wide Area Networks based on TCP/IP
NSN, CSNet, ESNet
CSN
et connected with ARPAN
et (1984) Term internet came intro general use
TCP/IP became worldwide
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World Wide Web
Need to uniformly access wide array of
information Gopher, WAIS etc.
Tim-Berners Lee at CERN created WWW in1989 based on hypertext
A seamless world in which all information, fromany source, can be accessed in a consistent andsimple way
Mosaic Web Browser & httpd Web Server
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Model of WWW and HTTP
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client server
request
response
Client Machine Host or Server Machine
Governed by Communication
Protocols
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Static Content
Mosaic could fetch and view static documents
and images served by the httpd server A static document is one that exists in a constant
state, such as a text file that doesn't change
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Need for Dynamic Content
Glut of online resources soon made search
engines necessary Process the data and provide appropriate content
Extension of Web Servers by modifying the
source code (impractical)
NCSA developed the Common Gateway
Interface (CGI) specification
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Server Side Technologies
PERL Scripts to execute CGI Programs
PHP (1995): Platform Independent Initially as a set of PERL scripts and later C
implementation to replace PERL scripts
ASP (1996): Platform dependent
Integrated application execution directly into theweb server
Java Servlets (1997) Platform Independent Server side Java Programs to extends web servers
functionality
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Server Side Technologies
Java Server Pages
Extension of Java Servlets
Cold Fusion (1995)
Initially Visual C++ based
J2EE based
ASP.NET (2002)
Extension of ASP to .NET framework
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Software Applications
A Software application can be broadly divided
into three layers User-interface (Presentation)
Business Logic
Database
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Applying Software Application Architecture over Web
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Web Application Architectures
3-Tier Architecture
N-Tier Architecture
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Examples of Web Applications
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All kinds of business applications based on the model of web