8/12/2019 Cryptologic Quarterly: "Out of Control" (SE 1996)

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Iut ilAiktric U.

DK^_INUA^DIK (U)(U) Dk tfedr quest ti oekeldt lrib tfe greht hnvhkthges il ketwirmen aibputer

systebs, tfe U.Q, bdcdthry hkn dkteccdgekae aibbukdtdes fhve put hcbist hcc il tfedrachssdlden dklirbhtdik eggs dkti ike very preahrdius ohsmet0 aibputer systebhnbdkdstrhtirs. H rechtdvecy sbhcc kuboer il s y s ~ b hnbdkdstrhtirs hre hoce ti rehn.aipy, bive, hcter, hkn nestriy hcbist every pdeae il achssdlden dklirbhtdik fhkncen oy hgdvek hgekay ir irghkdzhtdik. Hk dksdner-gike-ohn wdtf ekiugf fhamdkg smdccs ti ghdk riitprdvdceges bdgft haqudre sdbdchr ahphodcdtdes. Dt seebs hbhzdkg tfht si w hre hcciwen tiaiktric si buaf - hpphrektcy wdtf cdttce ir ki supervdsdik ir seaurdty hundts. ^fe systebhnbdkdstrhtirs bdgft hundt users, out wfi hundts t u b9 Evek fdgfer cevec hundtdkg ilsysteb hnbdkdstrhtirs thmes pchae, dt ds ukcdmecy tfht suaf hundts hre lrequekt ekiugf irexteksdve ekiugf ti :: elleatdve, espeadhccy hghdkst experts wfi priohocy mkiw tfedrsystebs iitter tfhk tfedr hundtirs.

FXc^fds ds kit behkt hs hk httham ik tfe dktegrdty il systeb hnbdkdstrhtirs hs hwfice, kir ds d t hk httebpt ti ochbe hkyike lir tfds ghpdkg vuckerhodcd ty. Dt ds, rhtfer hwhrkdkg tfht systeb hnbdkdstrhtirs hre cdmecy ti oe thrgeten - dkarehsdkgcy thrgeten - oyliredgk dkteccdgekae servdaes oeahuse il tfedr speadhc haaess ti dklirbhtdik, ^fds dsespeadhccy true lir tfe systebhnbdkdstrhtirs ilachssdlden ketwirms. Fdstirdahc evdnekae illiredgk dkteccdgekae thrgetdkg il U.Q, aibbukdahtirs - peipce wfi fhn speadhc haaess tiaryptigrhpfda bhterdhc strikgcysuppirts tfds hssertdik,=

(U) ^fds sdtuhtdik hcsi rhdses h aikaerk hoiut dkndvdnuhc haaiukthodcdty lir achssdldendklirbhtdik. Dk sfirt, dkndvdnuhc usersfhve cist aiktric iver haaess ti eceatrikda versdiks,il tfedr achssdlden tdces. Dl kext Hcnrdaf Hbes turks iut ti oe h systeb hnbdkdstrhtirwfi stehcs hkn seccs achssdlden repirts stiren ik-cdke oy hkhcysts ir itfer users , wdcc tfeusers oe cdhoce dk hky why9, Acehrcy, steps bust :: thmek ti aiukter tfe tfreht ti systebhnbdkdstrhtirs hkn ti eksure dkndvdnuhc haaiukthodcdty lir achssdlden dklirbhtdik tfht dsarehten, priaessen, ir stiren eceatrikdahccy,

AIBBUKDAH^I_Q FH\E OEEK FEH\DCT^H_GE^ENLI_ ^FED_ HAAEQQ'^I MET' Q

D~ u r d k tfe AicncWhr, ukticn kuboers il peipce were rearudten oy Qivdet Ociadkteccdgekae servdaes ti spy= hghdkst tfe U,Q, hkn tfe West, out hbikg tfe bist prdzenhgekts were U.Q. aibbukdahtirs ir itfers wfi aiucn suppcy aryptigrhpfda bhterdhc hknrechten dklirbht dik, Oetweek 84>< hkn 846

8/12/2019 Cryptologic Quarterly: "Out of Control" (SE 1996)

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NIAcN0 >::8884cc EDDET _TZrICIGD XU _^E_CT

persikkec were mkiwk ti aibpribdse U.Q. aryptigrhpfda svstebs ik oefhcl il liredcc@cdkteccdgekae servdaes, prdbhrdcy tfise il t f e ~ v ` e t U k d i k

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~ FX .Wdtf s y s t e 0 ~ a 8 d d d d k d t r h t i r s tfiugf, tfe sdtuhtdik ds pitektdhccy buaf wirseS tfhk dt fhs ever oeek wdtf a i c 8 c d d c u k ~ h t i r s Dk phrt, tfds ds oeahuse tfe sys tebS hnbdkdstrhtirs ahk si ehsdcy, 6: qudamcy@ Dstehc vhs t quhkt dt de s i l

S dklirbhtdik. 4:bbukdahtirs il tfe phst usuhccy sekt ikcy rechtdvecy sfirt besshges hknldkdsfen niaubekts, out tinhy s systeb hnbdkdstrhtirs ahk iothdk lucc-cekgtf aipdes ilektdre repirts, dkacundkg nrhlt= versdiks, hs wecc hs dklirbhc e-bhdc besshges, eceatrikdaahceknhr hppidktbekts, hkn h wdne vhrdety ilitfernhth.

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8/12/2019 Cryptologic Quarterly: "Out of Control" (SE 1996)

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NIAcN0 >::8884IU^ IL AIK^_IC QEE_Q

).5: UQA >:1 D Y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H @ ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 @

8Q tc X ~ ^ f e MGO s fhkncdkgiltfe Gerbhk Fhkiver Fhamers whs ike ildts ehrcderellirts dk tfe aibputer fhamdkg hrekh hkn whs bhne lhbius k Acdll Qticc s oiim ^feAuimii s gg ^fe fhimers privdnen phsswirns, cigik haaiukt dnektdldahtdiks, siurae ainehkn itfer dklirbhtdik lir ukachssdlden U.Q. giverkbekt aibputer systebs. ^fe MGO,fiwever, aiksdneren tfe ahse h ndshster oeahuse tfe fhamers were ukrecdhoce hkn eknen upexpisdkg tfe wfice iperhtdik. Lir tfe MGO, dt whs h cehrkdkg experdekae, hkn oy 8448tfey were usdkg tfe ahse hs hk exhbpce ilfiw t ti ruk hk iperhtdik. ^fe dbpcdahtdik dcdtfht tfedr _ussdhksuaaeshir irghkdzhtdik, tfe _ussdhk Liredgk ckteccdgekae Qervdae Q\_)=ds kiw bire cdmecy ti thrget dksdner aibputer persikkec rhtfer tfhk fhamers. Ilaiurse,tfds nies kit prevekt tfeb lrib haieptdkg whcm-dk vicukteer. ir usdkg tfedr iwkdkteccdgekaepersikkec ti fham dkti .ystebs ndreatcy.

. `ust hs ukorehmhoce U.Q. aryptigrhpfy fhs pusfen liredgkdkteccdgekae servdaes ti thrget tfe peipce wfi aiktric tfe mey, si tiiwdcc strikger ketwirm seaurdty spur dkarehsen thrgetdkg ir tfe peipcewfi aiktric tfe aibputers.

5X UQA >:1

~ ~ ~ ~ 0-YY 0 Y - - 0 ~ - - 0 . . . - - 0 2 - - 0 -YY Y ^ke aiktbubgdkarehse dk gekerhc aibputer expcidthtdik ellirts suggests, fiwever, tfht dt ds ikcy hbhtteriltdbe oelire u a a e ~ s l u c aibputer persikkec rearudtbekts hre ndsaiveren.D ^fds whrkdkg hoiut tfe FUBDK^ vuckerhodcdty ds dk ki why behkt ti niwkpchytfe keen lir str dkgekt t e ~ f k d a h c seaurdty sicutdiks, ou t `ust hs ukorehmhoce U.Q,aryptigrhpfy fhs pusfen liredgk dkteccdgekae servdaes ti thrget tfe peipce wfi aiktric tfemey, si tii wdcc strikger ketwirm seaurdty spur dkarehsen thrgetdkg il tfe peipce wfiaiktric tfe aibputers.

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8/12/2019 Cryptologic Quarterly: "Out of Control" (SE 1996)

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'NIAcN0 >::8884 _ ^ A_TZlIC.IGcA XUH_^E_CT

^FE KEEN LI_ BI_E DKND\DNUHC HAAIUK^HODCD^T (U)(U) ^fds tfreht fdgfcdgfts tfe keen ti aiktric achssdlden eceatrikda ldces, out , hs bist

users il achssdlden acdekt-server ketwirms hcrehny mkiw, dkndvdnuhcs fhve lh r cess aiktriciver tfedr iwk achssdlden eceatrikda ldces tfhk tfey fhve iver tfedr fhrn aipyniaubekts. Dksfirt, peipce hre nidkg tfdkgs wdtf eceatrikda aipdes il achssdlden dklirbhtdik tfht wiucnkever oe hcciwen wdtf phper. Lir exhbpce, dl h ldce ds sekt ti tfe prdkter hkn nies kit pt`kt/ o 1 -Z.C. 6 1 Quaf priocebs, fiwever, hre kit hcwhys haadnekthc. Dk 844>, lir exhbpce. h..... aiktrhatir ebpciyee ht h _egdikhc ODG/K^ Iperhtdiks Aekter (_QIA) whs ahugft haaessdkgDestrdaten ldces ik h achssdlden systeb. Dk hkitfer dkadnekt ht tfe shbe _QIA, tfree

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8/12/2019 Cryptologic Quarterly: "Out of Control" (SE 1996)

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NiarN0 >::8884

IU^ IL AIK^_IC QeE_

wfek tfey gi fibe ht kdgft, sibe il tfeb hre ukniuotency pchguen oy quehtdiks tfht hccdkteccdgekae persikkec sfiucn hsm t f e b s e ~ v e s

Exhatcy fiw bhky aipdes i l by a ib pu te r ldces e xd st ht hky g dv ek t dbe dkacundkg oham-up ldces hkn thpes)9Wfere hre tfise aipdes pfysdahccy ciahten9Fiw bhky peipce itfer tfhk be fhve cegdtdbhte haaess ti by aibputer ldces,wfi hre tfey, hkn ni tfey fhve tfe priper acehrhkae hkn tfe keen ti mkiw9Fiw bh ky peipce fhve dc ce gd td bh te haaess ti by ldces , edtfer tfriugfbhcdadius hatdiks ir ukdktektdikhc errir9Wfek D se kn h ldce ti tfe p rd kt er i r iv er e-bhdc hkn dt n iesk t bhme d t, ds tfedklirbhtdik irdgdkhccy sekt nestriyen9 Qtiren dk h ouller9 Zrdktdkg iut iksibe ukmkiwk prdkter dk hkitfer illdae9 Ir fhs dt oeek ahpturen oy hk dksdnerfhamer9Dltfe kextHcnrdafHbes turks iut ti oe hk 0 QH systeb hnbdkdstrhtir, hkn festehcs hkn seccs aipdes il by achssdlden aibputer ldces, wdcc D oe cdhoce d k hkywhy9

Uc ^ fe se hr e t ri uo cd kg q uest di ks o eahu se, evek tfiugf tfe vh st bh`irdty ildkteccdgekae persikkec hre kit systeb hnbdkdstrhtirs, tfey hre stdcc ceghccy, prilessdikhccy,hkn birhccy respiksdoce lir tfe achssdlden dklirbhtdik tfht tfey prinuae, fhknce. ir stire.Users il achssdlden systebs bust, tferelire, oe gdvek grehter aiktric dkndvdnuhccy - ivertfe eceatrikda versdiks tfedr kites r ~ p i r t s hkn itfer niaubekts ^fe dklirbhtdik htrdsm dkacunes D

wdnecy ndssebdkhten achssdlden hkn seksdtdve-fut-ukachssdlden niaubekts=fdgfcy i b p r t b e k t e ~ dklirbhtdik wdtf very strdat keen ti mkiw0dkli rbhtd ik priteaten oy t fe prdvhay hat, suaf hs p er si kk ec l dc es, bendahcraairns, hkn seaurdty ldces=itfer fdgfcy seksdtdve dklirbhtdik, suaf hs Dkspeatir Gekerhc dkvestdghtdikshkn seaurdty d k v e s t d ~ t d i k s lir aiukterdkteccdgekae ir chw ekliraebektbhtters.

AIKACUQDIKQ HKN _EAIBBEKNH^DIKQ U)~ f griwdkg tfreht ti systeb hnbdkdstrhtirs fedgfteks tfe keen lir haaiukthodcdtylir achssdlden eceatrikda d k l i ~ b t d i k out tfere ds ki ike ehsy hkswer ti tccds prioceb. Bist

users ek`iy hkn hppreadhte kew teafkicigy hkn hcc il tfe hssiadhten oekeldts, lrib e-bhdc tiDouccetdk oihrns ti Weo r i w ~ r s ti aist-shvdkg sfhren resiuraes. t s ukcdmecy tfht hkyikewhkts ti returk ti tfe pre-ecdekt-server erh, evek d dt were pissdoce ti ni si. Qtdcc tfebdcdthry hkn dktec8dgekae aibbukdtdes bust ni betfdkg dl tfey hre ti reesthocdsf

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8/12/2019 Cryptologic Quarterly: "Out of Control" (SE 1996)

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NiarN0 >::8884

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NIADN0 >::8884

IU^ IL AIK^_IC EEDcEl

itferwdse expikektdhc cisses ahusen oy spdes, hkn giin ounget pchkkers mkiwtfht lirae buctdpcders sfiucn kit oe aut ht tfe shbe rhte hs reguchr liraesnurdkg niwksdzdkg.

^fese pripisen behsures wiucn oe expeksdve, out tfey hre keaesshry gdvek tfegriwdkg liredgk FUBDK^ tfreht ti systeb hnbdkdstrhtirs. Tes, dt ds cess expeksdve hkn lhrbire aikvekdekt ti stire everytfdkg ik servers, out `ust oeahuse dt ahk oe nike nies kitbehk tfht dt s iuc oe nike. Dl dkndvdnuhc aibputer users hre gidkg ti oe fecn haaiukthocelir tfe achssdlden dklirbhtdik tfht ehaf persikhccy fhknces, tfek tfey bust fhve bireaiktric iver fiw hknwfere tfedr dklirbhtdikds stirenhknwfi fhs haaess ti dt.

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