Cryogenics for HL-LHC

The HiLumi LHC Design Study (a sub-system of HL-LHC) is co-funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404.

Cryogenics for HL-LHC

Laurent Tavian, Cryogenic Group, Technology Department, CERN

With the contribution of K. Brodzinski, G. Ferlin, U. Wagner & R. van Weelderen

3rd Joint HiLumi, LHC-LARP Annual Meeting11-15 November 2013, Daresbury Laboratory

Content

• Overall HL-LHC cryogenic layout• Beam parameter & heat loads

• HL-LHC and Sector cryoplants • Cryogenic layout proposals at:

• Points 1, 2, 5 and 7 for cryo-collimators• Point 7 for SC links• Point 4 for RF insertion• Point 1 and Point 5 for new high-luminosity insertions

• Rough estimate of buildings and utilities requirements• Schedule, organization and conclusion

Overall HL-LHC cryogenic layout• HL-LHC cryo-upgrade:

• 2 new cryoplants at P1 and P5 for high luminosity insertions

• 1 new cryoplant at P4 for SRF cryomodules

• New cooling circuits at P7 for SC links and deported current feed boxes

• Cryogenic design support for cryo-collimators and 11 T dipoles at P1, P3, P5 and P7

P7

P8

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1 Existing cryoplantNew HL-LHC cryoplantCryo-collimator

Beam parameters (impacting cryo) for HL-LHC

Parameters Nominal HL-LHCBeam energy, E [TeV] 7 7Bunch population, Nb [# p / bunch] 1.15E+11 2.2E+11Number of bunches, nb [-] 2808 2760Luminosity P1 and P5, L [Hz/cm2] 1E+34 5E+34Bunch length, σ [ns] 1 1

x ~2

x 5

Nominal HL-LHC RemarkBeam screen circuit (arc + DS) [mW/m] Based on LHC measurementBeam screen circuit (IT) [mW/m] Based on LHC measurementBeam screen circuit (MS) [mW/m] Based on LHC measurementCold mass (arc + DS) [mW/m] Based on LHC measurementCold mass (IT) [mW/m] Based on LHC measurementCrab-cavities [W per module] 0 25 Only for HL-LHCCold mass (MS) [mW/m] Based on LHC measurement400 MHz RF module [W per module] Based on measurement800 MHz RF module [W per module] 0 120 Only for HL-LHCElectron-lens [W per module] 0 12 Only for HL-LHC

20-300 K Current lead [g/s per kA] 0.035 Based on LHC current leadsSynchrontron radiation (arc + DS) [mW/m per beam] 165 310 Based on scaling from DR dataImage current (arc + DS + MS) [mW/m per beam] 145 522 Scaling from 2012 measurementImage current (IT low-luminosity) [mW/m] 475 1698 Based on present IT designImage current (IT high-luminosity) [mW/m] 166 596 Based on B. Salvant dataE-clouds (arc + DS) (dipole off) [mW/m per beam] 271 41 Based on Giovanni's data E-clouds (arc + DS) (dipole on) [mW/m per beam] 4264 4097 Based on Giovanni's data E-clouds (IT high luminosity) [mW/m] 5500 9455 Based on Giovanni's data (D1 missing)E-clouds (IT low-luminosity) [mW/m] 5500 5500 Based on Giovanni's dataE-clouds (MS) [mW/m per beam] 2550 383 Based on Giovanni's dataSecondaries (IT beam screen P1 andP5) [W per IT] 0 650 Based on F. Cerutti dataBeam gas scatering [mW/m per beam] 24 45 Scaling from 2012 measurementResistive heating in splices [mW/m] 56 56 Scaling from 2012 measurementSecondaries (IT cold mass P1 and P5) [W per IT] 155 630 Based on F. Cerruti dataSecondaries (DS cold mass P1 and P5) [W per DS] 37 185 Based on scaling from DR dataQrf crab-cavities [W per module] 0 24 Only for HL-LHCQrf 400 MHz [W per module] 101 366 Based on scaling from DR dataQrf 800 MHz [W per module] 0 183 Only for HL-LHCE-lens [W per module] 0 2 Only for HL-LHC

20-300 K Current lead [g/s per kA] Based on LHC current leads

3556

Dynamic heat load

4.6-20 K

1.9 K

4.5 K

240

0.035

Static heat

inleaks

4.6-20 K

1.9 K

4.5 K

1401255781701250

Heat loads To be validated by the Heat Load Working Group!

Sector cryoplants

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500S1

2

S45

S56

S81

Inst

alle

d

S23

S34

S67

S78

Inst

alle

d

High-load sector Low-load sector

1.9

K co

olin

g ca

paci

ty [W

] Nominal

HL-LHC

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

S12

S45

S56

S81

Inst

alle

d

S23

S34

S67

S78

Inst

alle

d


4.6-

20 K

coo

ling

capa

city

[W] Nominal

HL-LHC

05

1015202530354045

S12

S45

S56

S81

Inst

alle

d

S23

S34

S67

S78

Inst

alle

d

High-load sector Low-load sector20

-300

K c

oolin

g ca

paci

ty [g

/s] Nominal

HL-LHC

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

S12

S45

S56

S81

Inst

alle

dS2

3S3

4S6

7S7

8In

stal

led


50-7

5 K

cool

ing

capa

city

[W] Nominal

HL-LHC

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

S12

S45

S56

S81

Inst

alle

dS2

3S3

4S6

7S7

8In

stal

led


4.6-

20 K

coo

ling

capa

city

[W]

Nominal

HL-LHC

With successful dipole

scrubbing(e-cloud only in quadrupoles)

With e-cloud in dipoles and quadrupolesThe main concerns

(showstopper!)

Cold masses Current leads Thermal shields

Beam screens

P7

P8

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

Cryo-collimators at Pt1, Pt2, Pt5 and Pt7

Cryogenics design support :Main cryogenics constraints: Continuity of the cell cooling (bayonet HX, free section of pressurized HeII), hydraulic impedance for cool-down, warm-up and quench discharge…

DFBA Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11MB MB MB MB MB MB MB MB

DFBA Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11MB MB MB MB MB MBB BB B

Nominal layout

Upgrade layout

MB

MB

Dispersion suppressor

Continous cryostat

Standard 8.3 T main bending magnet (dipole)

New 11 T bending magnet

Collimator (beam 2)

Collimator (beam 1)

Cryogenic bypass

Good progress in collaboration

with WP5 and WP11

P7

P8

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

New SC links at P7

Cryogenics design support:Optimisation of the SC link cooling taking into account fixed boundary conditions imposed by the existing cryogenic distribution scheme (QRL headers P, T…)

DFBA Q7 MBDFBAQ7MB

Q7 MBQ7MB

Tech

nica

lga

llery

TZ7

6

Main tunnelDFBAQ6 Q6

Q6Q6SC link SC link

P7

Nominal layout

Upgrade layout

DFBL

DFBL

Warm recovery line

In progress in collaboration

with WP6

P7

P8

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

Upgrade of the RF insertion

D3 D3

P4Nominal layout

400 MHzRF RF RFRF

400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHzMain tunnel

D3 D3

P4Upgrade layout

400 MHzRF RF RFRF

400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz800 MHzRF

800 MHzRFe-lens e-lens

Cryogenics design support for:• New 800 MHz (200 MHz?) cavity module• New electron lenses

Just started in collaboration

with WP4 and WP5

P7

P8

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

New cryogenic infrastructure at P4

D3 Q6

P4

400 MHzRF RF RFRF

400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz800 MHz 800 MHzRFe-lens e-lens

QUI

RF

LCB

Cavern

WCS Storage

Shaft

New infrastructure

Cryogenic distribution lineWarm recovery lineWarm piping

- 1 warm compressor station (WCS) in noise insulated surface building- 1 lower cold box (LCB) in UX45 cavern- 1 valve box in UX45 cavern- 2 main cryogenic distribution lines- 2 interconnection lines with existing QRL service modules

QRL QRL

P4 cryogenic process & flow diagram

New refrigeratorcold box

UX45

Size of new RF cryoplant (provisional)

Temperature level Static Dynamic Installed Equivalent installed capacity @ 4.5 K [kW]

4.5 K [W] 1344 1736 5132 5.5 5.750-75 K [W] 1000 0 2250 0.2

Uncertainty coefficient, fu: 1.25 for existing component (400 MHz RF module) 1.5 for new equipment

Overcapacity coefficient, fo: 1.5

(Qsta*fu + Qdyn)*fo

To be validated by the Heat Load Working Group!

P7

P8

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

Upgrade of the P1 & P5 insertions

Cryogenics design support for new cryo-assemblies (CC, IT & MS cryomagnets, DFBs, SC links…)

Q1Q2Q3DFBXD1Q4 D2Q5Q6DFBAQ7MB

Q1Q2Q3D1Q4 D2Q5Q6Q7MB

DFBL

SC link

CC

IP1 orIP5

DFBL

Ground level

Shaft

Main tunnel

Nominal layout

Upgrade layout

SC links

DFBX

CC CPDFBA In progress in collaboration

with WP3 and WP4

Well advanced for magnet cooling

Under investigation for CC and BS cooling

2 modules of 4 cavities

Arc current feed boxesremain in the tunnel

P7

P8

P6

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

New cryogenic infrastructure at P1 and P5

- 1 warm compressor station (WCS) in noise insulated surface building- 1 upper cold box (UCB) in surface building- 1 cold quench buffer (QV) in surface- 1 or 2 cold compressor boxes (CCB) in underground cavern- 2 main cryogenic distribution lines- 2 interconnection valve boxes with existing QRL

Q1Q2Q3D1Q4 D2Q5Q6Q7MB CC

DFBL

Ground level

Shaft

DFBX UCB

WCS

QB

Storage

CCB

DFBLDFBX

Q2Q1

Cavern

QRL

SC linkCryogenic distribution lineWarm recovery lineWarm piping

CC CPDFBA

Critical integration

issue

Size of new IT cryoplants (provisional)

Temperature level Static Dynamic Installed Equivalent installed capacity @ 4.5 K [kW]

1.9 K [W] 433 1380 3045 12

184.5 K [W] 196 8 452 0.54.6-20 K [W] 154 2598 4243 2.450-75 K [W] 4900 0 7350 0.520-300 K [g/s] 16 16 59 2.6

Uncertainty coefficient, fu: 1.5Overcapacity coefficient, fo: 1.5

(Qsta*fu + Qdyn)*fo

To be validated by the Heat Load Working Group!

What about possible redundancy with detector cryogenic plants?(~1.5 kW @ 4.5 K for CMS)(~3 kW @ 4.5 K for ATLAS)

Current lead cooling “à la LHC” to be reviewed with WP6 !

Number of cold compressor trains

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

1.8 1.9 2 2.1

Tota

l coo

ling

pow

er [W

]

User temperature [K]

Single cold compressor train

Double cold compressor train

LHC sector

Present HL-LHC

M M M

HX HX

B A C D E F A B B C D E F

B' C D E F B' B' C D E F

HX

A

Minimum CCB requirement in cavern

Depending of thetotal cooling capacity and

operating temperature

Single CC trainDouble CC train Best for cavern integration

Global or distributed ?(500 W max size for distributed HX !)

500 W HX

2.2

K, 1

.3 b

ar

1.8

K, 1

6 m

bar

4.6

K, 3

bar

20 K

, 1.3

bar

50 K

, 20

bar

75 K

, 19

bar

Building and general service requirementsCryogenic system P1 and P5 P4

Warm compressor

building

Surface [m2] 700 500Crane [t] 20 20

Electrical power [MW] 4.6 2.0

Cooling water [m3/h] 540 227

Compressed air [Nm3/h] 30 20

Ventilation [kW] 250 100

Type [-] Noise-insulated (~108 dB_A)

Surface "SD"

building

Surface [mxm] 30x10 N/A

Height [m] 12 N/A

Crane [t] 5 N/A

Electrical power [kW] 50 N/A

Cooling water [m3/h] 15 N/A

Compressed air [Nm3/h] 90 N/A

Cavern

Volume [m3] 200 300

Local handling [t] 2 2

Electrical power [kW] 100 20

Cooling water [m3/h] 20 20

Compressed air [Nm3/h] 40 30

Provisional!

(+ access areas)

LHC schedule

Studies & designTenderingFabricationInstallationCommissioning



LS1 LS3LS2

New

Cry

o at

P4

Cold

pow

erin

gN

ew c

ryo

at P

1 an

d P5

20232012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Schedule

: Freeze of heat load requirement

P7 P1&P5

WP9-Cryogenics organization chartCoordinator : L. Tavian ( Dec’13) S. Claudet (Jan’14 )Co-coordinator: R. van Weelderen

Cryogenic infrastruture at P1 and P5L. Tavian ( Dec'13), S. Claudet (Jan'14 )

Cryogenics for new insertion magnets at P1 and P5R. van Weelderen (Cryo link-person for WP3)

Cryogenics for cryo-collimator at P1, P2, P5 and P7R. van Weelderen (Cryo link-person for WP5 & WP11)

Cryogenics for crab-cavities at P1 and P5K. Brodzinski (Cryo link-person for WP4 CC)

Members or alternates ofHLTC and P&LC Committees

Cryogenic infrastruture at P4G. Ferlin (Cryo link-person for WP4 RF & WP5 e-lens)

Cryogenics for cold powering at P1, P5 and P7U. Wagner (Cryo link-person for WP6)

Conclusion• Main contributions to other WPs: the cooling studies of cryogenic assemblies

have started:• Cooling studies of new magnet cold masses are well advanced• Cooling studies of inner triplet beam screens have started an are challenging

(12-22 W/m!)• Cooling studies for crab-cavities, cold powering and cryo-collimators follow the

development.• Test stations for SC link operational, for CC under commissioning

• Corresponding cryogenic infrastructure are under definition• The integration of cavern equipment (cold-compressor box(es)) at P1 and P5

remains a concern.• The size of the cryoplants remains compatible with the pre-design data (OK

with CtC) if the scrubbing of the beam screens is effective (at least for dipole magnets).

Documents

Cryogenics for HL-LHC