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Crude Oil _Selection
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Crude oil :Type, Selection , Production Plan vs Crude Plan
17th Jan12
Tarasish Adhikari Process Manager Haldia Refinery
Crude Oil Selection & Refinery PlanningArea covered A) Crude oil- International Scenario. -Pricing -Source -Type - Selection - Factors affecting Refinery Margin
B)C)
Crude Mix / Crude Basket for RefineryProduction Planning
Role of Crude: Refinery Economics(Fig in %
INTERNATIONAL OIL SCENARIO & SOURCING FOR INDIA
GLOBAL OIL RESERVES
Reserves : 1201 billion Barrels Reserves : 164 billion Tonnes
INDIAS RESERVES: 5.9 billion BBLS (0.5% OF WORLD RESERVES) 0.8 billion TONNES Source:BP
Crude oil scenario-IndiaCAIRN HOC Others OILONGC CAIRN
BG
Others
RIL
ONGC
OIL
Domestic Exploration Area
Domestic Production AreaNote: This shares have changed with the beginning of production of Oil & Gas from RILs Blocks in KG Basin
Crude Oil Source & Type
Crude SourceHS Crude: 71.1% (2007-08) Arab Mix (80:20), Basrah Lt., Upper Zakum, Kuwait
IraqSaudi Arabia
NigeriaLS Crude: 28.9% (2007-08) Bonny Lt., Labuan, Miri Light, Girasol, Forcados, EA Blend
Malaysia
BACK HAUL VOYAGE WEST AFRICAN CRUDE CARGOES
NW Europe
US
VADINARECI KAKINADA / SANDHEADS
Product TO US / NWE
BACK_HAUL TO INDIA
For Illustration only
Crude Types for RefiningBasically four types of crudes are available to Refiners around the world Light Sweet ( 30-40 API, < 0.5 wt % Sulphur) Light Sour ( 30-40API, 0.5 to 1.5 wt % Sulphur) Heavy Sour ( 15-30API, 1.5-3.1 wt % Sulphur) Extra Heavy ( < 15 API, >3 wt % sulphur)
Types of CrudesBITUMINOUS High Sulfur Lube bearing Basrah Light NON-BITUMINOUS High sulphur Arab medium Kuwait
Arab mixNon-lube bearing Suez Mix Dubai
Low sulphurQua I boe Miri light Labuan
Hydrocarbon Classification(CONTD.,)
PARAFFINIC BASEWAXY, LESS ASPHALTIC, LOW SULPHUR, HIGH POUR
NAPHTHENIC BASENAPHTHENIC BASE STOCKS, LESS WAX, LESS ASPHALTIC, LOW POUR
ASPHALTIC BASEHIGH SULPHUR, NITROGEN, SUITABLE FOR BASE OILS
World Crude Oil QualityProperties of Crude Oil S in crude Oil (wt%) API Gravity of Crude oil Metal in crude oil Residue (ppm wt)1985 1990 1995 2001 2011
1.14
1.12
1.31
1.41
1.51
32.7 275
32.6 286 19.4 3.26
32.4 297 19.8 3.61
32.2 309 20.2 3.91
31.8 320 21.3 4.0
Residue in crude (vol%) 19 S in crude oil residue (wt%)3.07
Properties of Crude oilCharacteristics Density, gm/ml API gravity o Pour point, C Kinematic Viscosity o @40 C o @50 C Water content, %wt Salt content, ptb Sulphur, %wt TAN, mgKOH/gm CCR, %wt Wax, %wt Asphaltene, %wt ASTMDistillation cracking point, oC Metal content, ppm Nickel/vanadium Basrah Light 0.8745 30.3 -30 nil 10 3.1 5.9 1.2 2.6 339 Bombay High 0.8200 41.0 21 3.4 nil 0.09 0.1 1.1 12.7 0.25 372 Arab mix 0.8664 31.6 -24 10.0 8.9 nil L20 2.7 0.14 6.4 2.5 2.3 322 4/23 Kuwait 0.8741 30.3 -27 11.1 8.5 nil 2.0 2.8 0.14 5.4 6.0 2.5 335 4/33 North Gujarat 0.8932 26.8 27 65.6 31.4 4.1 200 0.08 1.93 2.5 5.9 0.05 367 61/L10
CRUDE OILS PRICING
PRICING BASIS OF CRUDE OILSNorth/South American RegionNorth Sea, Nigerian, Angolan, Libyan Grades etcWTIBRENT DUBAI/ OMAN TAPIS
Middle Eastern GradesMalaysian, Indonesian, Australian Grades
$/bbl-CONVESION
CRUDE MT GROSS MARGIN, RS GROSS MARGIN ,RS/MT $ / RS 52
1 1000 1000 1bbl 19.23 2.61 Crude density m3 MT/bbl 0.159 0.136 kg/m3 855
GROSS MARGIN ,$/MTFactor: Rs/MT to $/bbl
383 23.9
GROSS MARGIN ,$/bbL
Factor: Rs/MT to cent/bbl
Crude price , $/bbl
110
Crude price , RS/ MT
42076
Price Trends : Marker Crude Oils(Annual Average Prices)
(Figs in $/bbl)
Crude Oil Movement Apr10- Nov11
$/bbl
20
Elements of Imported Crude CostCOST ELEMENT %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FOB OCEAN FREIGHT INSURANCE OCEAN LOSS PORT CHARGES CUSTOM DUTY/ NCCD DEMURRAGE OTHER CHARGESTOTAL
98% 1.0% 0.04% 0.3% 0.08% 0.15% 0.002% 0.456 %100.0%
Crude Pricing(Typical : Yr 10-11:crude procurement of Labuan( 79 $/bbl & Bas Lt 76 $/BBL
LS Rs./ MT 1 2 3 4 5 6 FOB Freight DV Freight Insurance ((1)*0.04%) Ocean Loss((1+2+3+4)*0.6%) Landing Charge 26580 700 200 20 250 100 % 94.9% 2.5% 0.7% 0.04% 0.9% 0.4% 25585 600 200 15 150
HS Rs/ MT % 95.5% 2.2 % 0.8% 0.1% 0.6%
10050 100 26800
0.4%0.2% 0.4% 100%
78
Custom Duty (Edu Cess)Demurrage Total
50100 28000
0.2%0.4% 100%
Crude Oil Selection
BASIS OF SELECTIONTypes of Crude oil Refinery and Refinery configuration Product & Product demand Environment & Environmental issues
Crude Oil selection Study of Crude Oil Assay. Technical Feasibility. Product Quality.
Profitability.
Combined TBP curves of Basrah Light Crude oil100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0
% Yield
60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
vol% wt%
Temperature, oC
Yield Pattern of Crude OilsYield, %wt LPG Naphtha Kerosene Gas oil VGO Short resid Basrah Bombay Arab mix Kuwait North Bonny lt Light High Gujarat 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.4 12.0 21.0 12.0 15.0 5.0 14.1 15.0 20.0 16.0 18.0 10.0 26.2 20.0 27.0 20.0 17.0 21.0 24.0 36.0 27.0 29.0 25.0 33.0 25.7 16.0 4.0 22.0 23.0 30.0 8.6
Crude Oil selection Case Study on: Rajasthan Crude Oil ( Mangla crude). Production Started : Sept09 onward
Factors Affecting Refinery Margin
FACTORS AFFECTING REFINERY MARGIN FOB COST REDUCTION WIDENING CRUDE BASKET.
OPTIMISATION OF CRUDE MIX
REDUCTION COST
OF
TRANSPORTATION
OPTIMISATION OF PRODUCT MIX
Haldia Refinery Block Flow DiagramFuel Gas LPG SRNH2
ATU&ARUOff Gas NHDT&CRU
SRU
Sweet Fuel Gas Sulphur LPG NaphthaMS(BS-II, Euro-III ,Export)
H2
MSQ C D U 1 C D U 2GO SO
Reformate
HGU-IFCC GasolineHCN
HGU-IIH2
Crude
Kero Cut St.Run G.O JBO
KHDS
H2
MTO RTF/ATF KeroseneHSD (BS-II, Euro-III ,Export)
DHDS
LPG LCN
JBO (2 GRADES)Kero HCN HSD
FCCUExtractOHCU Bottoms
OHCUH2
ATU&SRU
FGSulphur
RCO
PDAAsphalt
Extract DCO
V V D D U U 1 2SR LO
CBFS100N/150N/500N/850N/ 150BN GR-I LOBS
LO / IO / HODAO
FEU NMP
Raffinate
SDUSlack Wax Raffinate
DWO
HFUH2
CDWUH2
70N/100N/150N/500N/ 850N/150BN GR-II LOBS
VBU
VB Tar
MCW BTUBitumen Emulsion
MCWFO (2 GRADES) Bitumen(3GRADES) Bitumen Emulsion
IFO
Panipat RefineryIndianOilOFFGAS OFFGAS LPG FUEL GAS
ATU
HGUNAPHTHA HY. NAPH. COKER NAPHTHA H2
SR LPG TREATER
LPG
NAPHTHA
CRUDE AND VAC. DIST. UNIT
KEROLGO HGO
COK. LPG TREATERHSD
DHDT
H2 VGO LPG LPG NAPHTHA SULPHUR
DCU
LCGO HCGO
HCU
GAS OIL
SRUCOKE
IFO
CRUDE OIL & CRUDE MIX :OPTIMISATION USE OF LP MODELS IN OPTIMISING THE CRUDE OIL SELECTION PROCESS SELECTION/PURCHASE OF CRUDE OIL ON INDIVIDUAL REFINERY ECONOMICS/ LOGISTICS AND AVAILABLE HARDWARE ( PROCESS UNITS)
CRUDE -VS -PRODUCT PRICE : Jan12
LPG MS38100
SKO
NAPH
ATFHSD LS crude FO HS crude
Bitumen
Crude & Product Spreads (Crack) Apr10- Nov11
Apr10- Mar11
Apr11- Nov11
35
REFINERY PLANNING: CRUDE SELECTIONPROD.PRICE CRUDE PRICE,RS/MTRS./MT API LPG 32890 MS 36898 NAP 30055 ATF 33538 SKO 33318 HSD 34750 LUBES 48000 FO 23574 BIT 22580 F&L TOTAL DIST (%) CRUDE VALUE, RS/MT PROD VALUE, RS/MT GR.MARGIN, RS/MT HIGH SULPHUR CRUDES UP.ZAK ARAB MIX 28612 28240 34.1 31.5 1.8 1.0 3.8 3.8 7.0 6.7 3.8 2.3 2.7 2.7 35.5 35.1 5.6 6.0 23.1 25.6 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.3 100.0 100.0 54.6 51.6 28612 28240 28661 28447 49 207 BASRAH 26100 31.5 1.2 3.8 6.9 2.3 2.7 36.1 6.0 23.8 8.5 8.7 100.0 53 26100 28496 2396
REFINERY PLANNING: CRUDE SELECTION PROD.PRICE Q.IBOE ESCRAVOS BONNY MIRI LABUAN CRUDE PRICE,RS/MT RS./MT 29000 29420 29560 28015 27800 API 36.8 34.1 31.4 31.4 32.1 LPG 32890 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 MS 36898 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 NAP 30055 7.3 9.0 7.7 7.7 7.7 ATF 33538 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 SKO 33318 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 HSD 34750 44.1 45.4 52.6 52.6 52.6 LUBES 48000 0 0 0 0 0 FO 23574 37.7 34.3 28.2 28.2 28.2 BIT 22580 0 0 0 0 0 F&L 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 DIST (%) 60.4 63.8 69.9 69.9 69.9 CRUDE VALUE, RS/MT 29000 29420 29560 28015 27800 PROD VALUE, RS/MT 29542 29835 30578 30578 30578 PRICES GR.MARGIN, RS/MT 542 415 1018 2563 2778
JUL'08
Gross product Worth of crude OilAPI
32S, wt% Price, /MT Yield, wt fraction
34.4 2.13GPW
35.22 0.11
0.08
LabuanLPG Naphtha MS Kero Gasoil Fuel oil Fuel & Loss Total BPT GPW, $/bbl Freight $/bbl Crude Price (Calc for Netback-Zero) Landed Price, $/bbl Gross Margin,$/bbl
Basrah 1.9% 7.4% 8.4% 14.4% 41.9% 18.0% 8.0% 100.0%
Qua Iboe 1.7% 5.0% 8.4% 15.3% 50.0% 11.6% 8.0% 100.0%
Labuan 7.51 53.38 66.72 145.95 480.38 13.34 767.28 7.24 105.98 2.25 103.73 109.15 -3.18
Basrah 15.85 61.72 70.06 120.10 349.45 150.12 767.28 7.35 104.39 1.17 103.22 102.45 1.94
Qua Iboe 14.18 41.70 70.06 127.60 417.00 96.74 767.28 7.38 103.97 2.00 101.97 115.97 -12.01
834 952 1050 968 982 530
0.9% 6.4% 8.0% 17.5% 57.6% 1.6% 8.0% 100.0%
INPUT COST REDUCTION:WIDENING CRUDE BASKETRegular Crude oils Basket HS
Bas Lt, Arab Mix, Up Zakum, Dubai , Kuwait LS
Escravos, Bony Lt, Labuan, Iran Mix, East Africa, Girasol, Masila, etc
Input Cost OptimizationMINIMIZATION OF CRUDE INPUT COST : FOB COSTo BUY CHEAPER CRUDES
o BUILD UP FLEXIBILITY IN REFINERY TO PROCESS HEAVIER CRUDE IN LARGE QUANTITYo HAVE BIGGER CRUDE BASKET SO THAT LARGE NOs OF CRUDES ARE AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE o DEPENDENCY ON PARTICULAR CRUDE IS MINIMIZED.
Input Cost Optimization OCEAN FREIGHT: BUY CRUDE WHICH CAN BE DELIVERED IN BIGGER PARCEL e.g IN VLCC/ULCC TANKERS. FROM NEAREST LOCATION. MINIMIZE DEMURRAGE BY PROPER PLANNING AND SCHEDULING.LR-II SUEZ MAX VLCC
Gulf to Vadinar $/bbl
1.3
0.8
0.5
Reduction in Ocean Freight for Imported CrudeWEST COAST
All transportation by VLCCcrudes in Suez Max Equivalent are coloaded in VLCC EAST COAST
HS/LS in VLCCOnly crudes of Far East transported by LR-II lighterage minimized : Partial discharge from VLCC at Vizag / Kakinada.
CRUDE PURCHASE CASE STUDY: TypicalTag Refinery Input - MT/CD Indigenous Crudes BOL BONNY LIGHT ESC ESCRAVOS GIR GIRASOL LAB labuan blend Low Sulfur Crudes A80 Arab Mix BAS BASRAH LIGHT High Sulfur Crudes TOTAL CRUDE LS CRUDE% Tag Refinery Output - MT/CD LPG LPG NHP Naphtha MS1 MS SKO MTO/ATF/SKO HSD HSD FO1 FO B65 Bitumen SUL SULFUR LO2 LOBS Refinery Fuel & Loss % Total OBJ Original Obj. Fcn SALES PURCHASES UTILITIES Lab=160 0.0 25.55 25.51 25.34 26.18 22.59 22.19 Bon=160 0.0 160.0 Esc=160 0.0 160.0 160.0 160.0 170.0 170.0 340.0 500.0 32.0 14.8 31.8 38.2 56.0 183.3 65.5 40.0 1.9 18.0 10.0 499.4 92.51 1278.0 1180.2 5.3 80.0 80.0 160.0 170.0 170.0 340.0 500.0 32.0 15.4 28.6 40.7 55.0 164.3 86.8 40.0 1.8 18.0 10.1 499.7 66.00 1244.7 1173.5 5.3 Gira=160 0.0
160.0 170.0 170.0 340.0 500.0 32.0 16.5 28.4 40.5 55.0 172.1 77.2 40.0 1.7 18.0 10.1 499.7 85.54 1260.8 1170.0 5.3
160.0 170.0 170.0 340.0 500.0 32.0 15.9 32.2 40.5 55.0 166.4 78.8 40.0 1.7 18.0 10.1 498.8 78.92 1253.6 1169.4 5.3
26.38 26.97 33.55 32.00 31.97 17.21 15.68 3.38 44.12
GRM
92.51
85.54
78.92
66.00
INPUT COST REDUCTION
BY HS CRUDE MAXIMIZATION HS PROCESSING CAPABILITY IS RESTRICTED AT 65 TO 75% DUE TO DHDS CAPACITY LIMITATION (SUPPLY OF ALL BS-II & E--III GRADES OF HSD W.E.F JAN-FEB05).
HS PROCESSING CAPABILITY CAN BE INCREASED TO 80 TO 85% LEVEL AFTER OHCU COMMISSIONING ALONGWITH INCREASED TPUT TO 7.5 MMTPA AND TOTAL HSD E-III & E-IV PRODUCTION FROM APR10.
OPTIMUM % LS CRUDE: TYPICAL CASE# Basis : Crude : 500 TMTPM Bitumen : 40 TMT LOBS : 18 TMT
LS crude % ->
Product mix Optimisation
REFINERY OPTIMISATION LP TOOLS RPMS: Module PRODUCT MIX OPTIMISATION OPTIMISATION OF BLENDING OPTIMISATION OF OPERATING COST
ECONOMIC STUDIES OPTIMIZING PRODUDT MIX
LPG NHP MS1 MTO HSD JBC FO1 B65 SUL LO2 LO3 LO5 AP3 LA1 LA2 LA3
TOTAL CRUDE LPG Naphtha MS MTO/ATF/SKO HSD JBO Fuel Oil Bitumen SULFUR 150N API Grade 2 500N API Grade 2 70N API Grade 2 HN API Grade 1 150 N API Grade 1 500 N API Grade 1 BN API Grade 1 Total Lube ProductRefinery Fuel & Loss %
29.25 25.25 27.53 37.13 28.15 35.74 14.70 17.20 3.20 48.50 49.71 35.86 48.06 45.98 47.21 50.14
500.0 15.7 31.9 40.0 56.0 165.4 2.8 77.8 40.0 1.9 3.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 18.010.1
500.0 14.7 32.0 38.0 55.0 165.0 3.0 80.0 40.0 1.8 3.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 4.9 2.0 20.99.9
ECONOMIC STUDIES OPTIMIZING PRODUDT MIX
Tag BOL LAB A80 BAS
Refinery Input - MT/CD BASECASE BONNY LIGHT 24.24 70.0 labuan blend 28.12 70.0 Arab Mix 22.59 180.0 BASRAH LIGHT 22.19 180.0 TOTAL CRUDE 500.0 LO2 150N API Grade 2 48.50 3.0 LO3 500N API Grade 2 49.71 5.0 LO5 70N API Grade 2 35.86 1.0 AP3 HN API Grade 1 48.06 1.0 LA1 150 N API Grade 1 45.98 2.0 LA2 500 N API Grade 1 47.21 4.0 LA3 BN API Grade 1 50.14 2.0 Total Lube Product 18.0 Refinery Fuel & Loss % 10.1 Total 5000.0 GRM -18.82
case1 70.0 70.0 180.0 180.0 500.0 3.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 4.9 2.0 20.9 9.9 500.0 -14.68
Crude Oil Procurement, Refinery Tput, Market demand CO-Optimisation & IT role
Days
Rs / $
31 Obj Fn T'put HS Crude PROFIT T'put HS Crude PROFIT
47.24 TMTPM % Rs Crores Rs/MT TMTPM % Rs Crores Rs/MT TMTPM % Rs Crores Rs/MT TMTPM % Rs Crores Rs/MT TMTPM % Rs Crores Rs/MT TMTPM Rs Crores Rs/MT $/bbl
J
P
M
T'put HS Crude PROFITT'put HS Crude PROFIT T'put HS Crude PROFIT T'put PROFIT
B
H
5 Refineries Margins
Basecase Pur Free (500 TMT) + Term togethr for East+West 75.37 1066 50.4 204 1914 1386 80 410 2958 782 61 240 3069 430 3 38 884 711 55 131 1842 4375 1023 2338 6.78
Case-1 Case-2 Case-3 HSD Purchase = HSD Purchase = HSD Purchase = 400 TMT 300 TMT 200 TMT
75.06 1170 52.8 201 1718 1395 79 413 2961 797 61 241 3024 440 3 38 864 723 55 131 1812 4525 1024 2263 6.56
74.16 1233 49.8 190 1541 1395 79 409 2932 797 61 244 3061 473 3 42 888 744 55 136 1828 4642 1021 2199 6.38
72.74 1273 53.4 194 1524 1395 77 431 3090 806 60 248 3077 516 3 34 659 744 55 76 1022 4734 983 2076 6.02
THANK YOU
Algeria 0.74 Indonesia 1.20 Iran 3.38
OPEC MEMBERS AND PRODUCTION QUOTA( 23 MMBPD)Founder members
KuwaitLibya 1.23
1.85
Nigeria 1.89 Qatar 0.60 Saudi Arabia 7.48
1 Saudi Arabia 2. Iran 3. Iraq 4. Kuwait
UAEIraq
2.012.65 ---
Venezuela
5. Venezuela
Angola
---
Source : OPEC
RESERVES TO PRODUCTION RATIOYears
INDIAS R/P RATIO: 20 YRS