Cross-border Public Services (CPS) - ESPON CPS 09... · Galicia-Norte de Portugal (GNP-EGTC), created in 2008, of which aims is the promotion of regional cooperation among Xunta de

Cross-border Public Services (CPS)

Targeted Analysis

Final Report

Scientific Report – Annex V Case study report - Galicia – Norte de Portugal

Version 14/01/2019

This targeted analysis is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme,

partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund.

The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single

Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European

Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway

and Switzerland.

This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinions of members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring

Committee.

Authors

Marques da Costa, Eduarda (IGOT)

Costa, Nuno (IGOT)

Advisory Group

ESPON EGTC Nicolas, Rossignol

Cover photo:

Cross-border bridge Valença-Tui.

Information on ESPON and its projects can be found on www.espon.eu.

The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by

finalised and ongoing ESPON projects.

This delivery exists only in an electronic version.

© ESPON, 2018

Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is

forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg.

Contact: [email protected]

https://www.espon.eu/

mailto:[email protected]

Cross-border Public Services (CPS)

Final Report

Scientific Report – Annex V Case study report - Galicia – Norte de

Portugal

ESPON 2020 ii

Table of contents

1 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 5

2 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 6

3 The case study region at a glance .................................................................................... 6

3.1 Geographical and politic-administrative context ................................................................ 7

3.2 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the border region ........................... 8

3.3 A summary overview on all CPS currently provided in the case study area ................... 10

4 CPS provided in the region ............................................................................................. 17

4.1 EURES Transfronteiriço Galicia-Norte de Portugal ........................................................ 17

4.1.1 Need to build a transparent cross-border employment market ............................... 17

4.1.2 Employment services under EURES framework .................................................... 18

4.1.3 A new service based on domestic existing service ................................................. 18

4.1.4 A CPS based on an active territory ......................................................................... 19

4.1.5 Conclusions and elements of good practice ........................................................... 19

4.2 ARIEM – 112 – Asistencia Reciproca Interrexional en Emerxencias ............................. 19

4.2.1 An emergency service to a vulnerable territory ....................................................... 19

4.2.2 Voluntary action to share and improve emergency responses ............................... 20

4.2.3 A soft infrastructure to joining emergency services ................................................ 21

4.2.4 Legal, administrative and technical challenges ....................................................... 21


4.3 Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés ........................................................... 23

4.3.1 A natural common service ....................................................................................... 23

4.3.2 A long way to achieve a common desire ................................................................ 23

4.3.3 Sharing Natural heritage protection ........................................................................ 23

4.3.4 A CPS under UNESCO umbrella ............................................................................ 25


5 The future of CPS in the region ....................................................................................... 26

5.1 IACOBUS ........................................................................................................................ 26

5.1.1 University network to international affirmation ........................................................ 26

5.1.2 Administrative and economic constrains ................................................................. 27

5.1.3 Potential next steps ................................................................................................. 28

5.2 CPS under EUROCITIES agreement- future developments in the cases of Valença – Tui, Vila Nova da Cerveira-Tomiño ................................................................................. 28

5.2.1 Two countries, three languages one city ................................................................ 28

5.2.2 Legal adaptation to a common interest ................................................................... 30


5.3 Cross-border railroad service .......................................................................................... 32

5.3.1 Rail service to cross-border integration .................................................................. 32

5.3.2 New opportunities to rail service improvement ....................................................... 33


5.4 Assessment of future CPS development in general ........................................................ 34

6 Lessons learned, recommendations & transferability ..................................................... 35

Annex 1: List of CPS ............................................................................................................... 38

Annex 2: Results from Online survey ESPON CPS 2018 ....................................................... 43

Annex 3: Workshop Programme ............................................................................................. 45

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Annex 4: Workshop Participants ............................................................................................. 47

References .............................................................................................................................. 50

List of interviews ...................................................................................................................... 50

Documents and Literature ....................................................................................................... 50

WEB References ..................................................................................................................... 51

List of Figures

Figure 3.1 Evolution of Galicia-Norte de Portugal cooperation ......................................... 7

Figure 3.2 Ferry connection between A Guarda (SP) and Caminha (PT) ...................... 12

Figure 3.3 Touristic train Valença-Tui ............................................................................. 14

Figure 4.1 ARIEM 112 Prize in European Emergency Number Association Awards Ceremony 2016 ............................................................................................. 22

List of Maps

Map 3.1 Galicia-Norte de Portugal EGCT: delimitation of case study area ................... 8

Map 3.2 CPS in the Galicia-Norte de Portugal EGTC ................................................. 11

Map 3.3 CPS in the Galicia - Norte de Portugal EGTC by Theme/fields of application of CPS ......................................................................................... 13

Map 4.1 Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés.......................................... 25

Map 5.1 Norte de Portugal rail network ....................................................................... 32

List of Tables

Table 3.1 Demographic indicators in Galicia-Norte de Portugal ...................................... 9

Table 3.2 Level of Qualification and Unemployment of Population, 2016 ....................... 9

Table 3.3 CPS in the Galicia - Norte de Portugal EGTC by Theme/fields of application of CPS fields ................................................................................ 14

Table 5.1 Joint investment Plan for Euroregion Galicia-Norte de Portugal 2014-2020 . 27

ESPON 2020 iv

Abbreviations

AEBR Association of European Border Regions CCDR Regional Coordination and Development Commission CEER Fundación Centro de Estudos Eurorrexionais

CESCI Central European Service for Cross-Border Initiatives CoR European Committee of the Regions CPS Cross-border public services CPSP Cross-border public service provision EC European Commission EGTC European grouping of territorial cooperation EEA European Economic Area ESPON European Territorial Observatory Network EGTC European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation EU European Union GNP Galicia – Norte de Portugal GNP-EGTC Galicia-Norte de Portugal European Grouping Territorial

Cooperation IEFP Instituto de Emprego e Formação Profissional – Employment

and Learning Institute MOT Mission Opérationnelle Transfrontalière PNPG National Park Peneda - Gerês PT Portugal SP Spain SPA Special Protection Area

ESPON 2020 5

1 Summary

The GNP-EGTC comprises 6.4 million inhabitants in an area of 51.000 km², distributed across the

'Galicia' Autonomous Community and the 'Norte de Portugal' region. The region, is demographically

and socio-economically heterogeneous; the metropolisation of coastal territory contrasts with a low

density occupation of an inland territory rich in environmental resources. One of the main

characteristics of cross-border cooperation between Spain and Portugal is related to the distinct

political-administrative framework. On the Spanish side, the Autonomous Communities consist of

provinces (with municipalities), with their own sectorial and territorial policies. In the case of

Portugal, organisation is on two levels: the local and the national. The national level related to

sectors (health, education, culture and other) is implemented on a regional scale by regional bodies

and also by the Regional Coordination and Development Commissions, with competences in the

fields of environment, spatial planning and cohesion policy implementation.

The Galicia-Norte of Portugal border is the most active in the SP-PT border context. Besides the

long tradition linked to business flows, both areas are themselves the most densely populated and

economically active of the SP-PT cross-border territories. This puts the border dynamics in a

prominent position in the regional development strategies of both territories despite obstacles

related to distinct political-administrative forms of organization. Current CPS cover the following

types:

Services based on hard infrastructure in the transportation field, where the domestic service

is provided under international tourist rules. This represents an adaptation of service

providers operating provisions;

Services based on soft infrastructure in strategic planning, tourism and cultural fields,

developed by local entities with defined common strategies, nevertheless implemented by

separate management and financial bodies; these CPS occur in a context of cross-border

coordination of existing domestic public service provision both sides of the border;

Services based on soft infrastructure in services of general interest fields, namely sport

facilities, that are frequently provided on one side of the border, but accessed by the

populations of both sides, ensuring the financial and technical efficiency of the services and

promoting equity of access to them;

Services based on soft infrastructures in emergency management fields, namely civil

protection and fire services under a common public emergency management platform,

which occurs in a context of adaptation of operating provisions on each side of the border;

Services based on green infrastructure in environmental and natural protection fields, that

also occurs in a context of cross-border coordination of existing domestic public service

provision on both sides of the border;

Services based on system interface infrastructure in the employment field, with a common

base (Eures EU initiative).

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Future CPS cover distinct fields. Transportation (recovering a cross border train service), higher

education mobility and joint spatial planning strategies under the Eurocity concept, will be important

for future policy development in the region. Their implementation has to face challenges in

overcoming distinct juridical and legal obstacles.

From GNP-EGTC we can outline some good lessons. Despite all the legal framework constraints,

local cross-border authorities develop an intensive socio-cultural agenda and a diversity of solutions

in the provision of services of general interest, answering the population's real needs. The

examples of Tui-Valença, Tomiño-Vila Nova de Cerveira, represent more than a CPS; they

represent an informal solution to improve economic efficiency of local public services and, at the

same time, they improve popular access to services, contributing to building an EU citizen spirit.

2 Methodology

The study was supported by distinct data and methods:

Indirect information collection: statistical data and desk review of strategic and operational

documents to characterise the region of study. Some information is collected at NUTS III

level, and other at NUTS II level for both sides of the border. The analysis is developed in

3.1 to 3.2;

Direct information collection by:

o a survey, where the objective was to identify the current CPS in the region (the analysis

is developed in 3.4). The survey was sent to local and regional/national entities in the

Galicia and Norte de Portugal Region. The analysis is developed in 3.4;

o two workshops and a detailed survey, involving significant stakeholders from the region

to discuss constraints, best practices and future projects. The analysis will be

developed in 4. and 5.

The case study analysed three CPS in detail which are: the employment and labour orientation

service EURES Transfronteirizo Galicia-Norte de Portugal, emergency service ARIEM 112 and the

transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés. Those three services have different fields and

functional orientations and highlight the role of cross-border public services in Galicia-Norte de

Portugal.

3 The case study region at a glance

There is a long tradition of cross-border exchange flows in the Galicia-Norte de Portugal regions.

This cooperation has intensified in the last 40 years after changes in the political regimes of both

countries. With integration in the EC, the cooperation programmes led to the creation of new formal

organizations. The present case study comprises the European Grouping Territorial Cooperation

Galicia-Norte de Portugal (GNP-EGTC), created in 2008, of which aims is the promotion of

regional cooperation among Xunta de Galicia and the Norte de Portugal Regional Coordination and

Development Commission (Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte de

ESPON 2020 7

Portugal - CCDR Norte), for the following topics: economic competitiveness, knowledge and

innovation, and basic public and private social services for cohesion.

In geographical terms, the case study of Galicia-Norte de Portugal corresponds to the NUTS II level

units with the same designation.

Figure 3.1 Evolution of Galicia-Norte de Portugal cooperation

Source: Galician Innovation Agency & Regional Coordination and Development Commission of the North

(2015), pp. 31

3.1 Geographical and politic-administrative context

The GNP-EGTC covers an area of 6.4 million inhabitants and 51.000 km². 2.762.198 inhabitants

live in the Galicia Autonomous Community, across four provinces: Coruña (93 municipalities), Lugo

(67 municipalities), Ourense (92 municipalities) and Pontevedra (62 municipalities). The political

capital of Xunta de Galicia is Santiago de Compostela, in the province of A Coruña, while Vigo,

located in the province of Pontevedra, is the most populous municipality, with 292.817 inhabitants

(2016). On the Portuguese side, the northern region (Norte de Portugal), is the second most

populated region in the Portuguese territory with 3.584.575 inhabitants in 2017, distributed across 7

intermunicipal associations and one metropolitan region (Porto Metropolitan Region) (Map 3-1).

Looking at both sides of the border, we find distinct political-administrative forms of organization. On

the Spanish side, the Autonomous Communities which consists of Provinces (with municipalities),

with their own sectorial and territorial policies. In the Portuguese case, organisation is at two levels:

the local and the national. The national level has decision-making power in relevant policy fields like

health, education, culture, economy and other, and develops the main guidelines for action. These

policies are implemented at a regional scale by regional bodies mainly the Regional Coordination

and Development Commissions that have competences in the fields of environment, spatial

planning and cohesion policy implementation.

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corunha_(prov%C3%ADncia)

ESPON 2020 8

Map 3.1 Galicia-Norte de Portugal EGCT: delimitation of case study area

3.2 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the border region

The region of Galicia-Norte de Portugal is demographically and socio-economically heterogeneous.

The NUTS III in the coastal territory are characterised by a relevant urban network, with two leading

metropolitan areas (the Metropolitan Area of Porto and the metropolitan axis from A Coruña to Vigo,

including Pontevedra and Santiago de Compostela), while the hinterland areas are less urbanised

and less economically developed.

In ESPON Geospecs (ESPON, 2012) the Galicia-Norte de Portugal territory is classified as “inner

periphery”, of which the main drivers of the process are the poor centres and services and the lack

of access to them that occurs in a large part of the inland territory (ESPON, 2012).

ESPON 2020 9

Table 3.1 Demographic indicators in Galicia-Norte de Portugal

NUTSII/NUTS III Population

2017

Population density 2016

Aging Index 2016

% Population >75 years 2016

PIB/Capita 2016

Galicia 2 710 216 92,4 241,15 17,24 20 597,11

A Coruña 1 121 771 142,3 228,18 16,19 21 650,69

Lugo 333 610 34,1 349,75 22,91 20 857,37

Ourense 311 578 43,5 377,38 23,79 19 376,35

Pontevedra 943 257 211,6 192,48 14,32 19 660,40

Norte de Portugal 3 584 575 170,2 164,56 11,62 14 561,88

Alto Minho 233 813 107,5 238,87 16,97 13 000,16

Cávado 404 664 329,2 129,65 9,57 13 892,30

Ave 415 671 288,4 141,54 9,69 14 656,07

Área Metropolitana do Porto 1 719 021 849,2 157,39 10,73 16 273,97

Alto Tâmega 87 941 30,6 347,38 21,34 11 317,91

Tâmega e Sousa 420 854 233,0 124,82 9,25 10 872,02

Douro 193 202 48,7 245,26 16,82 12 479,08

Terras de Trás-os-Montes 109 409 19,9 335,98 21,29 13 799,37

European Union (current composition) 511 522 671 117,5 130,60 9,31 29 215,20

Source: Eurostat, 2016, 2017

The economic structure of both regions is internally very diversified; the economic and social

services stand out in the biggest coastal cities and industrial activities are not less important in

these territories, which are highly specialized in textiles, clothing and shoe cluster, food and

woodcraft, shipbuilding and automobile industry, sectors which are very significant in the regional

and national exports of Spain and Portugal. In opposition, the regional economy of the inland

territory maintains a high share of agricultural activity and a high weight of public services.

Table 3.2 Level of Qualification and Unemployment of Population, 2016

Population with Young people

neither in employment

nor in education

and training (%)

Unemployment rate (%)

Long-term Unemployment

(%)

Less than primary,

primary and lower

secondary education

(levels 0-2) (%)

Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education

(levels 3 and 4) (%)

Tertiary education

(levels 5-8) (%)

Galicia 25,9 25,9 44,3 12,4 17,2 51,81

Norte de Portugal

32,4 32,4 31,5 11,1 12,2 59,32

European Union (current composition)

17,2 43,7 39,1 11,6 8,6 46,60

Source: Eurostat, 2016, 2017

Qualifications are lower than the EU average, especially on the Portuguese side of the border. The

share of young people (15-24 years old) not in employment, education or training (NEET) presents

figures similar to the European average (around 11-13%), but unemployment rates are considerably

higher, portraying the effects of the international crises of the last decade on southern economies.

Concerning transport and mobility, there are also differences between the coast and inland

territories. While the coastline is served by rail and a dense road network that supports public

transportation services, in inland municipalities, the supply of public transport is reduced, inducing a

strong dependence on car ownership.

In terms of natural and heritage resources, the cross-border territories have a large number of

resources linked to forestry, natural parks, seaside and also a wealth of historical heritage.

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3.3 A summary overview on all CPS currently provided in the case study area

The border of Galicia-Norte de Portugal is the most active in the context of SP-PT border

cooperation. Besides the long tradition linked to business flows, both areas are themselves the

most densely populated and economically active of the SP-PT cross-border territories.

This context promotes the establishment of CPS in diversified domains that includes public facilities

and administrative services, public transport and services linked to sport and culture, among others.

The following map shows the cross-border continuity along the border of the Portuguese northern

region border, more intense in Galicia and Alto Minho, connecting Santiago Compostela and Vigo,

on the Spanish side, and Valença, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Melgaço and Monção, on the Portuguese

side. This portrays the intensive flows of population and activities that occur in that territory

extending to the city of Porto.

Less intense flows occur between Ourense (SP) and Alto Tâmega (where we find Chaves) and

Terras de Trás-os-Montes, both Portuguese NUTSIII in the border territory. Nevertheless, despite

having less CPS, they are relevant, as they operate in an area with low density (of population and

activities). The case of the well-known Eurocity Chaves-Verin, is an emblematic example of the

eastern part of the Norte de Portugal dynamic.

In the “transport and mobility” field, two CPS could be identified. A regular ferry between A Guarda

(SP) and Caminha (PT) (1174) guarantees the connection between the two municipalities, that

depend on this service, as they are the only municipalities on the Minho river that are not connected

by bridge. The second CPS corresponds to the bus service between Verin (SP) and Chaves (PT)

(1184), currently provided by two private transport operators that ensure the route based on

international/tourist service rules and not the rules of a domestic regular service. For the connection

between Verin-Chaves, the solution provided by the two private transport operators is limited: the

schedules are not diverse and the prices are high. So, the plan to create a regular domestic bus

service, managed by both municipalities becomes more and more pertinent and essential to the

Eurocity identity.

ESPON 2020 11

Map 3.2 CPS in the Galicia-Norte de Portugal EGTC

In the “Communication, broadcasting and information society” field, Tui and Valença have

established a memorandum (6301) where exchange of information with a view to the

interoperability of municipal registers and data in the Eurocity is the main objective.

ESPON 2020 12

Figure 3.2 Ferry connection between A Guarda (SP) and Caminha (PT)

Source: https://www.cm-caminha.pt/pages/1079

In the field of “Spatial planning, economic development, tourism and culture” there are diverse soft

infrastructure services (see Map. 3.2):

in the tourism sector - namely the development of tourist routes by small trains, financed by

both municipalities (2406 and 2407);

in sport activities – the public swimming pools of Vila Nova de Cerveira and Valença, both

in the Portuguese territory are oriented to users of both sides of the border. 60% of the

users are Galician’s, coming from Tomiño and Tui. Despite not having a common

management structure, there is a common understanding that no competitive pools would

be built in the neighbouring Spanish territory and that Galician users (private, clubs and

school children) contribute to the economic efficiency of the facility (2314, 2316);

also Arbo, A Cañiza and Melgaço, share their sports facilities (2317), as Melgaço (PT) has

an international sport internship centre which has been open since 2001. A protocol

established between municipalities, facilitates the Spanish citizens attendance. The sport

facilities improve quality and affordability of service provision as well as improving territorial

accessibility to the service;

in the cultural field - the Cultural Agenda (2315) integrated in the Eurocity Verin-Chaves

project is organised by both municipalities and financed by separate budgets. In that case,

the agenda ensures the affordability and adequate fast accessibility to cultural activities in

inland aging territories;

in strategic planning and data/information systems – here we find: the Strategic Friendship

Agenda presented by Vila Nova de Cerveira (PT) and Tomiño (SP), a strategic document

implemented within the framework of the Strategic Management Committee (CGE).

Another CPS is the Oceanic Observatory (2111), previously an Interreg project and

currently a structure that provides information about specific oceanographic and

meteorological events. The Digital Wall (2318), a POCTEP project finished in 2015,

https://www.cm-caminha.pt/pages/1079

ESPON 2020 13

encouraged joint management in order to develop historical and archaeological heritage

among a large number of cities.

Map 3.3 CPS in the Galicia - Norte de Portugal EGTC by Theme/fields of application of CPS

ESPON 2020 14

Figure 3.3 Touristic train Valença-Tui

Source: ESPON CPS Workshop – Visit 7th June 2018

In the “Healthcare, social inclusion” field, Tui and Valença share health care facilities (3124),

offering services to the population on both sides of the border. The distance from Valença to

Monção (around 17km), Ponte de Lima (about 40km) and Viana de Castelo (65km) is greater than

the distance to Tui (7km). Under the Agreement between Portugal and Spain on border Health

Cooperation, signed in Zamora on 22nd January 2009, people from Valença share the service

located in Tui, improving equity in access to health services.

In the “education and learning field”, the music and traditional dance school (4119) located in Verin,

improves accessibility to this service by diverse target groups.

In “labour market and employment”, there is the employment service EURES cross-border Galicia-

Norte de Portugal (6301). It provides information about working and living working conditions for

cross-border workers and unemployment.

In the field of “Environmental protection, natural resources management and climate change action”

the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés (7213 ) appears as an opportunity to protect

and valorise a common patrimony with a particular management model.

Also, in the field of Civil protection and disaster management, the ARIEM 112 (8147) established a

mechanism for collaboration between the emergency management and the mobilization of

resources.

Table 3.3 CPS in the Galicia - Norte de Portugal EGTC by Theme/fields of application of CPS fields

Code Place Name CPS Policy field Year establishment

Description

1174 A Guarda (SP)-Caminha (PT)

Ferry connection

Transport

1993 Regular connection between Galicia (A Guarda) and Norte de Portugal (Caminha). They are the single municipalities that are not connected by hard infrastructure

1184 Verin (SP) and Chaves

Intercity bus services

Transport

Old services

There is intercity bus service between Verin and Chaves provided by a private operator in a context

ESPON 2020 15


Description

(PT) of international/touristic service. Two private enterprises are providing the service.

2111 Pontevedra (SP) and Porto (PT)

Oceanic Observatory

Spatial planning, economic development, tourism and culture

2009 The Oceanic Observatory, started as a project of INTERREG, 2009-2012. Actually, is working, providing services

2314 Valença (PT) and Tui;(SP)

Municipal Pool of Valença (PT)


2004 Annual attendance 100 000 people of which 46 000 belongs to Galicia. 1700 users per month, of with more than 60% belong to Galicia. The pool has common use but management and maintenance is done by Valença municipality.

2315 Verin (SP) and Chaves (PT)

Cultural Agenda (PT)


2008 The agenda is made by both sides, but financially managed by each side of the border.

2316 Vila Nova de Cerveira (PT) and Tomiño (PT)

Municipal pool of V. N. Cerveira


1995 Renovated in 2015

Initially opened in 1995, the pool re-opened in 2015. Around 60% of users come from Spanish side. The pool has common use, but the management and maintenance is done by Vila Nova de Cerveira.

2318 Lugo, A Coruña (SP) and Minho-Lima (PT)

Digital Wall Spatial planning, economic development, tourism and culture

2011-2015

Applying ICT to joint management of historical and archaeological heritage among a large number of cities. Interreg project developed between 2011 and 2015.

2406 Tui (SP) & Valenca (PT)

Tourist train Spatial planning, economic development, tourism and culture

2013 Touristic train, with the purpose of transporting citizens, making both regions know each other.

2407 Salvaterra (SP) –Monção (PT)

Tourist train Spatial planning, economic development, tourism and culture

2015 This one, unites the two regions, in order to promote not only nature, but also culture, art and landscape. This tourist train is the result of a business partnership of two tour operators, one from each country. This service comes after the constitution of Eurocity in december of 2014.

9113

Verin (SP) and Chaves (PT)

Citizenship, justice and public security

Verin and Chaves

2013 The Eurocidades is established in 2013 - date of consitution 17/07/213 (registration) CoR website


Sharing health care

Healthcare, social inclusion

2009 Share services based on the border health cooperation agreement, signed in Zamora on 22 January 2009.

3416 Galicia (SP) -Norte de Portugal (PT)

Sharing health care


2009 Zamora Agreement

4119 Verin (SP) and Chaves (PT)

Musical and Traditional Dance School

Education and training

2014 In the context of Eurocity of Verin-Chaves, there was the creation of a musical and traditional dance school located in Verin.

4319 Galicia (SP) and Norte de Portugal (PT)

IACOBUS Education and training

2014 IACOBUS program facilitates the mobility and exchange of teachers, researchers and administrative staff between higher education institutions in GNP-EGTC. The programme is managed and financed by the GNP-EGTC, therefore, having a cross-border joint budget.

5103 Galicia (SP) and Norte de Portugal (PT)

EURES cross-border Galicia/Norte

Labour market and employment

1997 The main objective is cross-border placement of employment and information on living and working conditions for cross-border workers, employers and unemployed.


Cross-border integrated digital file system (e-

Communication, broadcasting and information society

2015 Memorandum of Understanding signed by the municipalities of Valença and Tui. The signatories undertake to facilitate the exchange of information with a view to the interoperability of municipal registers in Eurocity.

ESPON 2020 16


Description

government) This memorandum is the result of the "ARPAD" (POCTEP).

7213 Surface area (terrestrial): 259,496.00 ha; Core area(s): 34,43431 ha

Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés

Environmental protection, natural resources management and climate change action

2009 Founded in 1993 in the Portuguese side, in 1997 they tried to create an European park. But only in 2007, they decided to present a project to UNESCO., approved in 2009

7215 Norte de Portugal (PT) and Castilla y León (SP)

Biosphere Reserve Meseta Ibérica*


2010 The Biosphere Reserve Meseta Ibérica is a common space for which the ZASNET EGTC promote cross-border relations on behalf of its members. Focus is on traditional fields of cooperation: environment, tourism, culture and business development, promoting the concentration of efforts in these thematic and priority areas and in which EGTC members have a tradition of cooperation.

7245 Tomiño (SP) and Vila Nova de Cerveira (PT)

Transfrontier eco-park


Not yet working

This has the purpose of promoting the two municipalities, named "Castelinho (part of V. N. Cerveira) municipality - Fortaleza Space" (part of Tomiño ayuntamiento), because it is the junction of the same parks, and intends to correspond to an area of about 15 hectares. It is built through a pedestrian bridge over the Rio Minho.

8147 Galicia, (SP) Norte de Portugal (PT) and Castilla y León (SP)

ARIEM 112 Civil protection and disaster management

2011 The ARIEM 112 (international mutual assistance in emergencies) established a mechanism for collaboration between the emergency management and the mobilization of resources. It started in 2011 supported by Interreg Programme and involves the Civil Protection Agency of Castilla y León, the Galician Emergency Agency of Galicia and the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte of Portugal.

* CPS located only on one side of the border in the case study territory.

Results from the Online survey for ESPON CPS (2018, Annex 2) show that the target groups of

existing CPS are diverse: general public (the most important target), pupils and students, cross-

border workers and stakeholders.

The CPS addresses the diverse needs of the target groups on both sides of the border:

improve the quality of the services and promote adequate affordability – the examples of

Eurocities sharing cultural and sporting facilities improve the equity and quality of access to

these services;

guarantee physical and cultural accessibility – joint initiatives in the fields of culture and

sport facilities, promote intercultural exchanges and also guarantee more frequent physical

accessibility;

decrease access times – with the possibility to use services present only on one side of the

border.

There is a general consensus between the regional stakeholders, that CPS of Galicia-Norte de

Portugal contributed to increased employment, reinforced tourism development, improving the

provision of universal access to services and promoting cooperation between the two cultures.

ESPON 2020 17

Nevertheless, some obstacles when developing and setting-up the CPS were pointed out by the

stakeholders. These obstacles are related to the legal and administrative framework, more precisely

differing domestic legislation, reinforced by asymmetric or unclear competences/responsibilities of

policy actors. Furthermore, there are obstacles related to missing transport infrastructure or

services to support mobility and scarce budgetary resources (Annex 2).

To overcome these obstacles, some solutions have been proposed by the stakeholders. A small

number of stakeholders argue the need to adapt the legal framework, with solutions like:

elaboration of new conventions between regional and local authorities, cooperation agreements

between the competent public service organising entities or the adaptation of an already existing

regional or local convention.

Also necessary governance adaptations to implement CPS are needed. Due to the distinct legal

and administrative organization between Portugal and Spain, the solutions include the

establishment of an intergovernamental cross-border body or by adaptation of existing cross-border

structure/body or by the establishment of a new public law for cross-border bodies using existing

interstate agreements and considering the experience of the current cross-border governance body

(GNP-EGTC).

4 CPS provided in the region

From many CPS and Cooperation services that could be found in Galicia-Norte de Portugal, three

can be highlighted: EURES Transfronteirizo Galicia-Norte de Portugal, ARIEM 112 and

Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés. Those three services operate in different fields

and visualise the role of cross-border public services in Galicia-Norte de Portugal.

4.1 EURES Transfronteiriço Galicia-Norte de Portugal

The European Employment service EURES Transfronteirizo Galicia-Norte de Portugal is a CPS

acting in the field of the labour market and employment, the objective of which is to provide services

in order to facilitate cross-border mobility of workers and unemployed people in the Galicia-Norte de

Portugal region.

4.1.1 Need to build a transparent cross-border employment market

This CPS is linked to the need to build a transparent employment market in the Euroregion Galicia-

Norte de Portugal. This CPS addresses the need to support the growing number of cross-border

movements in a region that historically has always had intense cross-border flows linked to

employment in the industrial and building construction sectors. These sectors often use non-

permanent employees. This situation increases the difficulties of workers in finding a job with full

fiscal and social rights. Information about contracting conditions, fiscal and social conditions that are

different on each side of the border, provided in the mother language of the workers, become

fundamental to formal and just working conditions.

Bringing together jobseekers and enterprises, the CPS offers information, contributing to adjust the

job market and, at same time, empower it.

ESPON 2020 18

4.1.2 Employment services under EURES framework

This CPS started in 1998 based on the existence of strong integration across the border,

complementarity needs in the labour market and to empower a cross-border job market. This

service facilitates information about employment demand in cross-border areas and also

information about the social and fiscal framework for job-seekers and companies. Furthermore, it

provides information about living and work conditions and about training opportunities and practices

on both sides of the border.

This service is part of the European Employment Services (EURES). The service is an information

network for unemployed people and those seeking work.

4.1.3 A new service based on domestic existing service

EURES Transfronteirizo Galicia-Norte de Portugal is a soft interface infrastructure to provide

information on business opportunities and working conditions within the cross-border employment

market, facilitating the workers cross-border mobility. The CPS was established on the basis of the

cooperation of existing domestic services and an existing institutional framework.

In detail, the services provided by EURES are:

production of documentation and information specifically related to cross-border mobility

(social security, taxes, unemployment, recognition of qualifications, setting up one’s own

business);

running of cross-border vocational-training courses for the unemployed;

analysis of cross-border labour market needs, cross-border flows of workers, and obstacles

to mobility;

setting up permanent working groups, made up of executives and specialists from bodies

such as Social Security, the Labour Inspectorate and the Treasury of Galicia and Portugal,

to spot obstacles to mobility and implement the measures needed to overcome them;

creation of a network of ‘Conselleiros EURES’ - EURES Advisers - specialists in cross-

border and transnational mobility from the various partner organisations.

The service is constituted of a Directive Board, a Coordinator, an Executive Committee, the EURES

advisers and working groups.

The Directive Board has the function of defining the cross-border strategy, ensuring internal

cohesion and approving the annual action plan. The Coordinator supports the Board, controls and

implements the action plan, promotes the EURES Transfronteirizo Galicia-Norte de Portugal,

supports all partner institutions in their implementation and prepares the action plan. It is the

responsibility of the Executive Committee to propose the activities to develop and support the

Coordinator in the elaboration of the budget and all the intermediate and final reports. The EURES

advisers cooperate in the definition of the action plan and guarantee its implementation at local

level. Besides the advisers are responsible for attending the public. The working groups develop the

ESPON 2020 19

analysis of specific constraints to the cross-border work mobility, namely in the fields of fiscal

taxation, social security and labour legislation, among others.

The framework of support have a general action plan agreed by all the partners.

An additional activity is the elaboration of an annual overview on cross-border labour market

indicators that serves as a base for the Working Groups for their work and also can be presented to

regional and national authorities. Problems and weaknesses in the cross-border territory are

analysed and reported.

This CPS took two years to be established.

4.1.4 A CPS based on an active territory

EURES Transfronteirizo Galicia-Norte de Portugal was established by the European Commission

and it is composed of both national public employment services of Portugal (Instituto do Emprego e

da Formação Profissional) and Spain (Servicio Publico de Empleo Estatal), the regional

employment service of Galicia (Xunta de Galicia. Conselleria de Economia, Emprego e Industria),

the Working Community Galicia – Norte de Portugal, entrepreneurs associations, trade unions, the

municipalities on both sides of the border (namely through Federación Galega de Municipios e

Provincias, in Galicia, and Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alto Minho, in Portugal), universities

(University of Vigo and University of Minho) and other stakeholders.

The main obstacles were linked to the time and efforts to agree on a common solution for the

cooperation on this service.

4.1.5 Conclusions and elements of good practice

This CPS organization fits into the administrative cross-border framework and is in line with the

EURES cooperative network across the EU. The EURES in Galicia-Norte de Portugal is a stable

structure that has involved new partners coming from distinct fields (public services, trade unions,

universities) improving the capacity to produce more information. The EURES also enables

language barrier issues to be overcome for jobseekers and companies.

One of the good practices is the elaboration of an annual overview on cross-border labour market

indicators that serves as a base for the Working Groups and also influences the work of the

regional and national authorities. Problems and weaknesses in the cross-border territory are

highlighted, facilitating lobbying for a specific support to the border regions.

4.2 ARIEM – 112 – Asistencia Reciproca Interrexional en Emerxencias

ARIEM – 112, Cross-Border Reciprocal Assistance in Emergency, is a soft infrastructure that

provides a framework for fast and efficient cross-border cooperation in emergency resources

involving the regions of Galicia, Castilla y Léon and Norte de Portugal.

4.2.1 An emergency service to a vulnerable territory

The geographical context of GNP–EGTC presents a high vulnerability to climate change effects,

especially linked to wildfires in the summer season. That problem is particularly important in the

inland territory where agriculture and forestry occupies a large part of the territory. In coastal areas,

ESPON 2020 20

emergency associated to sea rescue and recovery and flood control operations with large impacts in

urban areas, are also factors that demonstrate the relevance of the CPS. Also, emergency rescue

services are required to attend emergencies in the border Minho river.

The original problem is related to the absence of shared institutional information and

communications channels between the emergency services. The development of the application

that controls the coordination and mobilization of resources provides the necessary information and

a stable communication network in real-time.

Another concrete need is related to joint training activities to enable staff adaptation to a new

shared resource mobilizing framework. It was necessary to enable this new operational skill and

strengthen cohesion and collaboration among the emergency staff.

In this context, the ARIEM-112 Project developed a protocol of action and mutual help for Spanish

and Portuguese emergency and rescue services and a common space for emergency management

and the establishment of a mechanism for collaboration with emergency resources in the border

areas increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency response.

4.2.2 Voluntary action to share and improve emergency responses

The ARIEM-112 project introduced a centralised framework to facilitate collaboration between

regional emergency teams that benefits Spanish citizens from Galicia and Castilla y León regions

and Portuguese citizens from the Norte de Portugal region.

ARIEM-112 results from a voluntary action under an ERDF project through the “Spain-Portugal”

Cross-border Cooperation Programme for the 2007-2013 programming period, approved in March

2011.

The project's objectives were:

development of a common program for the allocation of materials, computer and

communications resources;

development of a common program of specific training to all professionals in the

emergency area;

establish mechanisms to exchange regional mobile resources;

development of two applications; RemoteManager and RemoteMobile;

development of common activities that promote cohesion, cooperation and exchange of

experiences;

the reduction of territorial disparities in the availability of emergency and rescue resources;

implementation of intervention and mutual aid protocols.

The project was organized in four phases. The first phase of the project, from January 2011 until

April 2011, carried out the analysis of the methods and models of emergency management by the

different partners. In the second phase, from January 2012 until September 2012, the protocols for

ESPON 2020 21

action and mutual aid pacts were drawn up. During the third phase, from December 2011 until

August 2012, common resources were deployed and endowed. Common training and conducting of

drills were implemented. In the fourth phase, at the end of 2012, from September until December,

the final report and objectives achievement evaluation was carried out.

A follow up project is being developed since 2014.

A video of a joint rescue drill at the Minho river on YouTube1 shows the roll-out of the new joint

protocol for mutual help.

4.2.3 A soft infrastructure to joining emergency services

This CPS used a soft infrastructure, joining emergency services in a cross-border context. The

ARIEM-112 created a framework for fast and efficient cross-border cooperation to ensure mutual

assistance, that rationalized the use of resources, reduced response time, increased efficiency in

emergency management and increased service quality.

The CPS works based on a legal framework for cooperation and mutual assistance and a common

typology for joint interventions. The protocol establishes the conditions for resource mobilization

and joint actions procedures, considering the directorate of operations, the procedures for

communication and information and the expenses for assistance. Under this CPS a combined

training program and joint drills are also part of the agreement.

ARIEM-112 provide a remote manager terminal system that is an application for emergency

incident management, offering real-time information to all participants in the intervention. This

platform allows access to all participants to the same georeferenced information on mobile devices

and information and communication channel.

4.2.4 Legal, administrative and technical challenges

This CPS is the result of a partnership between Xunta de Galicia (Axencia Galega de

Emerxencias), Junta de Castilla y Léon (Agencia de Protección Civil) and CCDR Norte (Norte de

Portugal Regional Coordination and Development Commission - Comissão de Coordenação e

Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte).

Two difficulties were identified in the setup of this CPS. A first one was related to the legal and

administrative framework that made border permeability to the emergency cross-border assistance

difficult. The mutual agreement and join actions protocols with adaptation of domestic laws,

provided the legal framework that facilitates the mobilization and involvement of the resources of

one side of the border, to be in action on both sides of it, with suitable legal protection under joint

coordinated actions.

Second, there are different materials and equipment on both sides, which represents an obstacle to

common action. Standardizing materials and equipment to facilitate the joint work of the various

emergency services on both sides of the border, became a need. For example, there were

1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzbIX6O4LNo ARIEM 112 International Recue Drill on the Minho river.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzbIX6O4LNo

ESPON 2020 22

problems associated with the different types of hoses and different mounting system and clamp.

Faced with the current prevailing systems, the possibility of seeking a solution to make systems

compatible used in Galicia and Castilla y León and those used in Portugal was explored by

providing adapters to cross-border emergency service providers.


Promote a training program, joint drills and a joint program to increase mutual knowledge and

exchange experiences were fundamental to improve emergency action capacity. The joint action of

these training activities will enable the pooling of effort, experience and knowledge, and will also

support formal and informal communication, strengthening unity and cooperation between the

various emergency and rescue services, aspects that could be highlighted as good practice.

Also a good outcome was the common communication channel for cross-border emergency

management. This communication system will facilitate coordination and minimize costs.

Another relevant aspect is the learning process during the Interreg project. The current CPS is a

good example of facing serious problems of different natures to set up as a common service,

requiring intervention at three different levels: administrative and/or legal; operational and technical.

The constraints of an administrative and legal nature were overcome by the establishment of

mutual aid protocols between the three regions allowing the intervention and the use of resources

on both sides of the border. At an operational level, the establishment of a common intervention

protocol and the set-up of training and drills allowed operational capacity building. At a technical

level, interoperability between equipment from the different emergency and rescue units was made

possible by the adoption of adapters allowing the use of different equipment for all units in the field.

ARIEM 112 was recognized as an example of good practice in the provision of emergency services

in cross-border areas. In 2016, European Emergency Number Association (EENA) recognized

ARIEM 112 as an Outstanding International Cooperation Award in the 112 Award 2016, which took

place in Prague.

Figure 4.1 ARIEM 112 Prize in European Emergency Number Association Awards Ceremony 2016

Source: Jan Kruml for the 112 Awards Ceremony 2016

ESPON 2020 23

4.3 Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés

The Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés is a nature reserve located in the cross-border

area encompassing the Galician Autonomous Community and the Norte de Portugal regions. The

natural site was declared a Biosphere reserve by UNESCO on May, 27th in 2009.

4.3.1 A natural common service

There is a geographical continuity of physical and natural resources along the SP-PT border, which

means preservation is a fundamental issue. Both countries created their National Parks and other

Protection categories, but the idea of one unique territory, with the same intervention approaches

and a common action strategy became a challenge for the management authorities on the

Portuguese and Spanish sides. The proposal of a cross-border Biosphere Reserve that protects

biodiversity and simultaneously promotes tourism potential, as well as combating unemployment

and depopulation in the territory covered by the project, proved to be a successful solution.

The continuity of this reserve across the border explains the natural development of a cross-border

cooperation in order to manage and preserve this natural heritage site with a common rationale and

benefiting the local populations on both sides of the border.

4.3.2 A long way to achieve a common desire

The Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés is a nature reserve located in the cross-border

area encompassing the Galician Autonomous Community and the Norte de Portugal regions. The

natural site was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 2009.

On the Portuguese side, the reserve includes the “National Park Peneda – Gerês” (PNPG),

classified as a “Site of Community Importance (SCI) Gerês” (PTCON 0001), created under the

Habitats Directive on the conservation of natural habitats of wild flora and fauna, as well as being

classified as a “Special Protection Area (SPA) of the Serra do Gerês” (PTZPE0002, created under

the Birds Directive, on the conservation of bird species. The area also covers the “Biogenetic

Reserve Palheiros – Albergaria” (PT 930003), included in the “Network of Biogenetic Reserves” of

the Council of Europe. Since 2008, the PNPG is part of the PAN Parks Foundation network.

4.3.3 Sharing Natural heritage protection

The function of this CPS is oriented towards protecting natural heritage. The reserve is managed

by: a cross-border directive board; a cross-border cooperation board; and a cooperation advisory

council.

The directive board is composed of the Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas,

Portuguese national entity, the Conselleria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio de Xunta

de Galicia and the Dirección Xeral de Relacións Exteriores com la Unión Europea, both regional

Spanish entities, the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte (CCDR

Norte), Portuguese regional entity, one member of each of eleven municipalities (six in Spain and

ESPON 2020 24

five in Portugal), and the representative of the International Council of the Biosphere Program,

UNESCO.

There is an Action Plan developed around four axes; corporate identity; social development;

preservation of natural and cultural heritage; and participation and training.

The first axis concerns all corporate identity, signalization and the definition of manual procedures.

The second one is centred in one of the main obligations of the reserve, the promotion and

valorisation of local products, promotion of visiting and local development, namely supporting tourist

activities and contributing to local development. The third, concerns natural and cultural

conservation, including a set of actions related to the conservation and restoration of natural

habitats, wildfire prevention and the development of actions concerning territorial valorisation and

territorial cohesion. Finally, the fourth axis is related to the participation, training, networking

development and communication.

The service will be funded by POCTEP until 2019 and all the technician costs are paid by their

original entities.

On the Spanish side, the area includes the “Natural Park Baixa Limia - Serra do Xurés”, classified

as a “Site of Community Importance Limia Baixa” (ES1130001) in the list of Sites of Community

Importance for Atlantic Biogeographic Region (Official Journal of the European Union 29/12/2004: L

387/1) and the list of Sites of Community Importance for the Mediterranean biogeographical region

(Official Journal of the European Union 21.09.2006: L 259/1). According to the DC 79/409/EEC, this

area is also under the declaration of “Special Protection Area for Birds (SPAs)” with the designation

of Baixa Limia - Serra do Xurés (ES0000376). This territory is also a member of Network Natura

2000.

The area of the reserve is divided into three zones according to territorial biodiversity and human

activities characteristics. The first one, the “core area”, covers a total of 33,284 hectares (12.9% of

all Biosphere Reserve territory) with very high levels of protection. The second, corresponds to a

“buffer zone” (89,243ha, 34.6%), that includes the area of the Biosphere Reserve where traditional

land uses and environmental tourism are considered compatible with the conservation of natural

values. The third area of the reserve, designated “transition zone”, is where most of the human

settlements are located (135,407ha, 52,5%). This corresponds to a heavily populated area where

most of the services are located. This is the area that has the most favourable conditions for

promoting adequate policies for sustainable development and local development.

The creation of this CPS results from a voluntary action initiated by the two states when, in 2009,

they proposed the creation of a cross-border biosphere reserve to UNESCO. This decision resulted

from a long process started with the creation of the Natural Park Peneda - Gerês in 1971 by the

Portuguese government. In 1993 the Natural Park of Baixa Limia - Serra do Xurés was established,

on the Spanish side, and since then, several joint initiatives have been developed under the

Interreg programs. In 1997, an attempt to create a European Cross-Border Park was made, but

without success due to the lack of European legislation for it.

ESPON 2020 25

Map 4.1 Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés

Source: http://www.reservabiosferageresxures.com/data/zonificacion.pdf

One of the key factors of the identity of the park is related with the tradition of cooperation and

management of common cross-border land by local inhabitants, that contributes to the preservation

and sustainable use of the land in a voluntary way. The process was finally concluded with the

approval of the project by UNESCO.

4.3.4 A CPS under UNESCO umbrella

It took two years to be created, mainly due to legal and administrative obstacles, and it was only

possible after UNESCO approval. It was necessary to establish an intergovernmental cross-border

committee and establish a new public-law based cross-border body for the CPS by making use of

specific provisions in existing interstate agreements. It was also necessary to set-up a new

administrative structure (the directive board) that includes different levels of administration.


The concept of cross-border biosphere reserve based in the action plan that defines a sustainable

integrated strategy seems to be a good example for cross-border natural spaces. This organization

is under UNESCO conditions. So, in the present case, the UNESCO certification obliges the public

entities on both sides to provide a joint plan. Nevertheless, there are struggles to overcome. The

administrative framework is joint, but very dependent on the entities of each of the countries. The

Reserve does not have a legal body and the technicians are dependent on their original entities. On

the other hand, there are some problems related to mobility and activities carried out by technicians

ESPON 2020 26

which should be highlighted (e.g. procedures/authorisations when they use official vehicles to cross

the border).

5 The future of CPS in the region

For the future, there are many other areas for cooperation areas where the stakeholders and the

Galicia – Norte Portugal EGCT want to develop new CPS. Some of them, are already in a pilot

phase or in the initial phases of implementation.

5.1 IACOBUS

5.1.1 University network to international affirmation

IACOBUS is a current programme of academic, scientific and pedagogical cooperation the

objective of which is to promote cooperation and exchange of human resources (teachers,

researchers and administrative staff), facilitating the exchange of training, research and

dissemination of activities among universities.

The main challenge facing the university community of the Euroregion Galicia Norte de Portugal is

the decline in the number of students, mainly due to demographic factors. In relation to this

decrease there is competition among universities for attracting more students. This challenge

implies economic tensions for the future sustainability of the university system as it is currently

structured. The obvious opportunity is to advance cooperation in the Euroregion to take advantage

of synergies, economies of scale, to share resources and facilitate specialisation, for teachers and

researchers.

In this context, the IACOBUS is a way of guaranteeing coordination and connection between the

various mobility systems of the participating universities. In addition, it would entail higher economic

costs even than those which can be supported by the IACOBUS program, which currently finances

GNP-EGTC exclusively through Community funds. This common vision is accepted by all university

centres, who are also aware of the problems (and potential) to further expand the programme.

The potential of IACOBUS is based on the promotion of innovation pointed out in “Cross-border

smart specialisation strategy of Galicia-Northern Portugal -RIS3t” (Cross-border Galician Innovation

Agency & Regional Coordination and Development Commission of the North, 2015) and the “Joint

investment Plan for Euroregion Galicia-Norte de Portugal 2014-2020” (CCDR Norte-Direccion Xeral

de Relacions Exteriores/Xunta da Galicia, 2014). There, IACOBUS is the vehicle to promote the

innovation transference by the implementation of Project/Action 1.2.2. – IACOBUS mobility

programme of students and researchers including training in high technologic enterprises and the

creation of entrepreneurial PhD (with integration of enterprises in learning system), Project/action

integrated in Axe 1 – An Innovative Euroregion based in research and transference, Priority 2

Promote transference to the productive sector (pp. 42).

The project, is led by GNP-EGTC and integrates the Galician universities of Vigo, Santiago de

Compostela and Coruña with the Portuguese universities of Porto, Minho and Trás-os-Montes and

Alto Douro, the Catholic University of Porto, as well as the polytechnic institutes of Porto, Viana do

ESPON 2020 27

Castelo, Bragança, and Cávado-Ave. It also includes the Fundación Centro de Estudos

Eurorrexionais (CEER) Galiza-Norte de Portugal, the Xunta de Galicia and the CCDR Norte.

Table 5.1 Joint investment Plan for Euroregion Galicia-Norte de Portugal 2014-2020

Axe Priority Projects/Actions

Axe 1 – An Innovative Euroregion based in research and transference

Priority 1 – Consolidation and Promotion of research poles of Euroregion RIS3, there are objectives to create international poles of excellence linked to regional clusters: mobility (automobile, energy efficiency and mechanics), health, agro-food, natural and cultural resources to tourism orientation. In parallel there is the objective to obtain joint graduation, masters and PhD

Project/Action 1.1.1. to 1.1.6. – Promotion of poles of excellence linked to clusters of sea, health, agro-food, natural and cultural resources applied to tourism, mobility (including automobile, energy efficiency and mechanics). Action 1.1.7. – Joint graduation, master and phD courses

Priority 2 - Promote transference to the productive sector

Action 1.2.2. – IACOBUS mobility programme of students and researchers including training in high technologic enterprises and the creation of entrepreneurial PhD (with integration of enterprises in learning system

Source: elaborated from PLANO DE INVESTIMENTOS CONJUNTOS DA EUROREGIÃO GALICIA-NORTE DE PORTUGAL (2014-2020) (CCDR Norte-Direccion Xeral de Relacions Exteriores/Xunta da Galicia, 2014)

The first step of IACOBUS was established in 2014, with the signing of a collaboration protocol

between all participating higher education institutions. Currently, the access to the mobility

programme results from a competitive procedure of individual applications. These applications are

evaluated, ranked and the candidates for mobility are selected.

5.1.2 Administrative and economic constrains

In the near future, IACOBUS wants to improve the relationship between the scientific and

technological research made by all higher education research centres and the business

environment.

Currently, the main obstacles to IACOBUS development are:

Economic, as the economic resources for mobility are very dependent on economic

crises/cycles in the countries/regions and dependent on university budget efforts;

Administrative and legal obstacles linked to the mobility of human resources and the

recognition of training in companies integrated in curricula.

For the moment, IACOBUS is running with two separate financial and administrative structures.

Frequently, they pursue the same solutions as Erasmus+ or Public administration mobility. But

those solutions are not enough to framework:

Integration of training in the curricula;

Extend the period of the stay;

Mobility payments solutions for teachers;

Lead and joint management of research projects;

ESPON 2020 28

Rights of author, knowledge and patents,

And other.

Some solutions are under discussion:

The extended stay period for staff will depend on agreement between higher education

institutions across the border. One way could be the enlargement of the protocol of

understanding supported by the EGTC and signed by all the participant institutions;

To improve exchange and mobility it is desirable that the exchange period be extended to a

longer stay for a deeper integration process. Although, this would imply the development of

a much more complex and expensive system of coordination for the exchange between all

the higher education institutions.

5.1.3 Potential next steps

IACOBUS could provide other services to the cross-border academic community. At the same time,

the extension of the programme to other institutions, namely technology centres, will be a next step.

Another development is related to publishing promotion of academic research work on cross-border

cooperation. At same time, another hypothesis is to extend the program to other high education

institutions namely those of the Southwest European Deans (CRUSOE) region. No clear schedule

has been defined.

In order to overcome the obstacles an internal university work group was established to define

possible solutions and present them to the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)

Galicia - Norte de Portugal.

One future objective is the creation of a foundation as a new joint structure that will involve all

members.

5.2 CPS under EUROCITIES agreement- future developments in the cases of Valença – Tui, Vila Nova da Cerveira-Tomiño

5.2.1 Two countries, three languages one city

In 2003 the Valencia Treaty signed by the two states, Spain and Portugal, intended to promote

cross-border cooperation between the territorial authorities of both sides of the border. At the same

time, the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) Galicia-Norte de Portugal has been

promoting cross-border cooperation, namely contributing to a closer relationship between cross-

border cities.

Demonstrating the vast tradition of cooperation in the GNP-EGTC, some Eurocities could be found.

The most well-known is Chaves-Verin, constituted in 2007, but there are other cases, at different

stages of formation.

The Eurocity Tui-Valença: started with the twin cities agreement on 25th March 2011, followed by

the Eurocity convention signed on 12th February 2012, and finally in 2017, the “unicity” agreement

was signed. The Eurocity Tui –Valença slogan said a lot about the case: “Two cities, three

ESPON 2020 29

languages and two nations”. The three languages, Portuguese, Castilian and Galician, in particular

the similarity between the Portuguese and the Galician language are a key element for the cross-

border identity.

The objectives of Eurocity Tui-Valença are: to increase and strengthen the ties between these two

border cities, with a view to developing cooperation to:

facilitate prosperous development and improved quality of life for its inhabitants; promote

economic, social, cultural, environmental and institutional convergence to overcome the

barrier imposed by the border and facilitate territorial and socio-economic development

through common services;

foster convergence between people from both cities, enhancing cooperation with the aim of

matching resources and efforts to jointly manage the municipal services and facilities of the

two cities;

promote the establishment of private companies in both cities, thus facilitating economic

growth and a greater degree of industrialization and commercialization of products,

resulting in the personal and social well-being of the respective inhabitants;

promote the development of joint projects in areas of common interest.

For a long time, the two cities, separated by 3 km accessible by a cross-bridge over the Minho river,

have been sharing knowledge, tools and equipment between the population and public entities

(Municipal Pool, Municipal Library, among others). Both municipalities launch new services to

improve population and economic conditions. The tourist train, is another example.

Figure 5. 1 Settlement organization in cross-border Tui-Valença - a view from Tui

Source: ESPON CPS – Workshop and visit 7th June 2018

In the case of Salvaterra de Miño-Monção, the inauguration of the international bridge in 1995

over the Minho river, contributed to the reinforcement of flows of people between the two sides of

ESPON 2020 30

the border embodied in the recent Eurocity constitution in 2017. The main areas of common interest

are:

economic and leisure activities linked to Minho river;

joint potentiation of oenology and local gastronomy;

the promotion and development of tourism through the dissemination of natural heritage,

and the valorisation/creation of tourist and pedestrian routes.

Finally, the case of Tomiño-Vila Nova de Cerveira, not yet a formal Eurocity, but almost in the

finishing stages of the process to get it (in 2018, both municipal assemblies approved the

authorization to sign the Eurocity Tomiño-Vila Nova de Cerveira constitution). The physical

proximity has promoted flows of people and goods across the border. The process to formalise this

interchange started with the signature of the Carta da Amizade (Friendship Letter) in 2014, that

resulted in the subsequent Cross-border Strategic Agenda in 2015, that defined four strategic axes:

Minho River as a common resource for potential development;

cross-border mobility and sustainable territorial development;

shared management of local public services and equipment;

and the economic development supported in an smart cooperation.

With the signing of the Strategic Agenda Strategic Management Committee (CGE) was constituted

with the leaders being the local presidents (President of CMVNC and the Alcaide of Tomiño), who

meet once a month. Currently, they are developing the following initiatives:

Cross-border Participatory Budgeting;

Providing cross-border citizenship;

Sport for all;

Shared services, like the swimming pool in Vila Nova da Cerveira or the Music House in

Tomiño;

Actions to boost the local economy.

The dematerialization of municipal procedures and the improvement of a common municipal service

desk that Tui and Valença citizens can deal with municipal matters in any one of the municipalities,

regardless of the one of their address. The release of the Eurocity Card that will allow citizens of

both sides of the border, access to services of the Eurocity and paid those services in any

electronic kiosk is another future CPS. Those two are an on-going services to be achieved by 2019

and 2021.

5.2.2 Legal adaptation to a common interest

Currently, presented initiatives are supported by separate budgets, nevertheless, with a common

calendar, common objectives and common target groups. The diversity of CPS within the “Eurocity

ESPON 2020 31

philosophy” are implemented in a context of adaptation of domestic legislation. Nevertheless, the

services provided are under local authorities competences (spatial planning, economic

development, tourism and culture), for both sides of the border, which has made exchange action

possible.

Nevertheless, what challenges for the future provision of cross-border services are there in these

municipalities? What challenges to enlarging the fields of intervention to transportation and mobility,

to health, to civil protection or to environmental protection?

The workshops and the interviews brought to the table the same obstacles: in a local context, the

informal local agreements improve access to services for the population but in an incomplete way.

For example: it is consensual that sport facilities could be used by citizens from both sides of the

border. Nevertheless, this is valid for the general public with their own mobility, but in actual fact, it

is not valid for all target groups. This is the case in Vila Nova da Cerveira-Tomiño where the

difficulty to transport young students has been pointed out. In fact, the transport of minors across

the border raises problems of an administrative nature that cannot be overcome by the local

authorities. As an example, the school transport of students from Tomiño to the swimming pool in

Vila Nova da Cerveira or, in the other direction, students from Vila Nova da Cerveira to the Music

School in Tomiño. A greater legal compatibility between the two states in cross-border territories

would be useful and that could be promoted by the European Union.

That is valid also for other cross-border territories like Salvaterra de Miño-Monção or Tui-

Valença, where cooperation between the municipalities of Valença and Tui has been close and

fruitful. With regard to the sharing of services under the direct jurisdiction of the two municipalities

no special change in the governance framework will be required. Nevertheless, the desire to share

and ensure equal access for citizens on both sides of the border to services provide by national or

regional entities, like the health services, will also require a cooperation protocol between those

entities, considering the forms of service provision and the allocation of the costs of their provision.


Transport, labour market and civil protection services are areas where there is a common interest in

their development. Sharing health equipment and services is another common goal of Eurocity

municipalities, as corroborated by the entities participating in the workshops and the answers to the

interviews. Also everyone recognises that it will be necessary to establish new governance

arrangements.

Nevertheless, looking at the historical evolution of CPS, financial constraints, although little

mentioned by the partners, are a determining factor in the development of new arrangements for

the provision of services of general interest: on the one hand, the service provider must find a

mechanism of financial compensation resulting from the sharing of this service; on the other, in a

context in which municipalities have a very wide range of competences, but a very limited budget,

selection of priorities is required in the provision of services to the population according to criteria of

equity and coverage of a greater number of possible target groups. These two elements combined,

ESPON 2020 32

push the municipalities to service partnerships that are financially controlled by them, leaving a void

in services that are controlled by other levels of administration.

In case of health, despite the Zamora agreement of 2009 ("Framework Agreement between the

Portuguese Republic and the Kingdom of Spain on Transfrontier Health Cooperation"), the barriers

are linked to an non-definition related to article 5.º “Protocols of cross-border cooperation in health,

especially” in “g) Billing, payment and reimbursement mechanisms between competent institutions,

to define, in accordance with cross-border cooperation protocols, to be concluded, and Community

regulations on safety coordination to apply”.

For transport or in civil protection and emergency there are also particular obstacles linked to

insurance, competition rules and others that are equally relevant compared to the political-

administrative competences organization. In the case of sharing fire services, despite all

local/municipal efforts, there are blocks linked to insurance of fireman and equipment. Insurance is

only valide on the side of the border from which it originates.

5.3 Cross-border railroad service

5.3.1 Rail service to cross-border integration

The Minho rail line is a single rail line that connects Porto to Valença and, through the international

rail branch and the international bridge of Tui-Valença, connects to the Spanish railway network

system, accessing the city of Vigo and, further, Santiago de Compostela and A Coruña. The line

goes north from Porto to Nine, Viana do Castelo and Caminha, at the mouth of the Minho river.

From there to Valença, the line runs parallel to the Minho River, which defines the northwest

Portuguese-Spanish border.

Map 5.1 Norte de Portugal rail network

Source: IP (2017) 2019 Diretório da rede

Currently, the line from Nine until Valença is not electrified, implying a train change in Nine as the

rail service from Porto is run by electric units. The investment plan Ferrovia 2020 (Investment Rail

Plan), framed in national plan PETI3+ (Infrastructure and Transport Strategic Plan), approved by

the Portuguese Government in 2015, identified a number of priorities, namely the assumption of

ESPON 2020 33

their international commitment of development of the Atlantic corridor, the promotion of rail freight

transport and ensuring the connection between Portuguese maritime ports and the Portuguese land

borders.

The project of modernization of the rail line between Nine and Valença of 97km, started in 2017 and

comprised the electrification and requalification of the line, the modernisation of the control,

signalisation and communication systems and the extension of the passing sidings, allowing the

circulation of freight trains up to 750 meters long. Currently, from Porto to Nine freight trains are

limited to 520 meters, between Nine and Viana do Castelo to 405 meters and between Viana do

Castelo and Valença to 300 meters.2

This intervention, supported by POCI (Competitiveness and Internationalisation OP), aims to

improve the rail link between the Atlantic axis of Portugal and Europe, with the main objective of

engendering the conditions to increase the share of rail passengers and freight transport along the

Porto-Vigo axis. At the same time, on the Spanish side, the line will be completely electrified until

2019, allowing the connection between Oporto and Vigo.

This will contribute to making rail transport more competitive in the connection between Galicia and

the North of Portugal and to improve inter-regional connections along this cross-border area. The

reduction of trip time is one direct effect, a reduction of 1h10m, but it is also important for the local

and overall environment. The use of electric powered trains will reduce CO2 global emissions and

will reduce local air and noise pollution.

At the same time, the change from diesel to electric powered operation and the improvement of rail

infrastructure will reduce operational costs, will improve punctuality and reliability of rail services

and increase operational security level.

5.3.2 New opportunities to rail service improvement

At this time, a regular rail connection between Porto and Vigo-Guixar exists and is operated by CP,

the Portuguese rail operator, and RENFE, the Spanish rail operator, the Celta Train. The operation

runs twice a day in each direction, and is a 2h30m trip.

From Vigo or other intermediate stations (O Porriño or Redondela) it is possible to transfer

passengers to other RENFE regional rail service to Santiago de Compostela, Ourense or other

Galician city served by rail. Nevertheless, due to the conditions of the line and the quality of service,

this connection has had strong competition from road transport.

After the modernization of the Minho line, it will be expected that transport offer conditions will

change and new cross-border rail services will be able to be provided.

The rail operation across the border does not need any specific change in the governance

framework. However, the liberalisation of the access to the rail infrastructure by any established

2 Infraestruturas de Portugal (2017) 2019 Diretório da Rede, IP, Lisboa.

ESPON 2020 34

railway company has been discussed, both by current3 will introduce changes to the provision of

this CPS, namely some market competition.


It is expected that the project for the modernisation of the Minho rail line will be concluded by 2019.

The opportunities to develop new passenger services has been discussed, both by current

operators, CP and RENFE, and by new operators that, in accordance with the EU Directive, intend

to operate in the Galicia Norte de Portugal market.

5.4 Assessment of future CPS development in general

The three future CPS are illustrative of the degree of integration that the cross-border territory of

Galicia-Norte de Portugal has and its potential for further development.

The first example, IACOBUS, is a cultural, scientific and pedagogical cooperation project that

promotes cooperation and staff mobility among Galician and northern Portuguese higher education

institutions. This project will allow the development of a knowledgeable and innovative region,

taking advantage of synergies and generating economies of scale. This innovative project could

contribute to the development of an international reference university regional network with the

potential to attract students from around the world and, with this, tackle a major problem that is the

decrease of the regional and national potential student population due to demographic changes.

The second example of future CPS, the Eurocity projects of the Valença-Tui Eurocity and Vila Nova

da Cerveira-Tomiño, covers local projects supported by the strong relationships between

populations from both sides of the border, with a strong territorial identity. The cooperation will

facilitate development and improve quality of life for its inhabitants, through the optimization of

common services by the shared use of infrastructures on a basis of parity between the citizens of

the two cities.

At the same time, especially in the case of Valença-Tui, the cooperation will increase scale in

regional context which will be a factor in attracting investment and carrying out future tenders,

namely in the European regional policy framework.

The third example, the cross-border rail service, is supported by the Portuguese side rail line

modernization. It will allow a change in the rail services that will be provide to the Galician and north

Portuguese population and companies, from a cross-border point of view. The requalification of the

line will contribute to the reinforcement and consolidation of the Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic

axis and a deeper regional integration between the Galician and North of Portugal region. A result

of this on-going project and the new legal conditions to access the rail market is the expressed

interest of new rail companies to operate in this new infrastructure and operational context.

3 Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012, establishing a

single European railway area and is transposition to the Portuguese legal framework by the Decreto-Lei n.º 217/2015, 7

th October.

ESPON 2020 35

6 Lessons learned, recommendations & transferability

The two regions have some relevant particularities for understanding cross-border cooperation and

the development of CPS’s across the Galicia – Norte de Portugal border. With very similar

languages, Portuguese and Galician, a high degree of interrelationships in social, cultural and

economic terms, strong commercial and labour exchanges, both regions are, at the same time,

peripheral in Europe and in their own countries. These factors framed an intense cooperation

between the populations of both sides, that is deeply rooted, as a result of an ancient cross-border

mobility and identity that overcomes the effect of the border.

In 1977, before EEC accession, the two states, Portugal and Spain, recently emerged from

dictatorial governments, signed a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty. The integration of the two

countries in the former EEC in 1986, framed the conditions for the maintenance and increase of

cross-border cooperation, accepted and desired by the population. In 1991, the Constitutive

Agreement of the Galicia-Norte de Portugal Working Community was signed and in 2004, the

Cross-Border Cooperation Treaty between Spain and Portugal, the Treaty of Valencia. In 2006, the

Cross Border Cooperation Agreement between CCDR-Norte and Xunta de Galicia was signed and,

finally, in 2008 the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation Galicia-Norte de Portugal (GNP-

EGTC) was established.

Since then, the GNP- EGTC has been a positive factor in the development of CPS and for future

ones. The three CPS presented in this case study are different regarding the theme of intervention

and also in the type of intervention.

The CPS EURES is a soft infrastructure that provides support to jobseekers and companies. The

service intends to build a transparent cross-border employment market supported in the partnership

of existing domestic services on both sides of the border. EURES is an example of how a CPS

could be developed framed by a European service and based on existing domestic services.

EURES Transfronteirizo Galicia-Norte de Portugal have a common action plan, a defined cross-

border strategy and their own organizational framework body supported by the budget of each

domestic institution, however, they do not have a legal personality.

The CPS Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xerês is a green infrastructure, oriented

towards protecting natural heritage. The desire to cooperate between the two natural parks on each

side of the border dates back from 1993 when, on the Spanish side, Natural Park of Baixa Limia -

Serra do Xurés was established and twenty one years later the establishment of Natural Park

Peneda – Gerês, on the Portuguese side. After the approval by UNESCO, a directive board was

established composed of national, regional and local entities plus a UNESCO representative. A

common Action Plan defined the common activities developed by the reserve. Costs are supported

for each entity, namely the technicians labour costs, and the use of transport equipment, that

generate some constraints when cross-border travel is required. Under POCTEP 2014-2020, the

project 0220_GERES_XU-RES_DINAMICO_1_-E was approved in 2015 aiming to promote and

consolidate the Biosphere reserve entity through the active participation of stakeholders and

improving natural protection and sustainable management of the reserve. The common interest and

ESPON 2020 36

the traditional cross-border cooperation between the institutions from both sides of the border made

the application to UNESCO successful and made the Gerês-Xurés reserve one of the twenty

transboundery biosphere reserves in the world.

The CPS ARIEM 112 provides cross-border reciprocal assistance in emergency through a soft

infrastructure. This CPS joins Galicia and Castilla y Léon, from the Spanish side of the border, and

Região Norte de Portugal, on the Portuguese side. This service was established in four phases,

overcoming administrative, legal, operational and technical difficulties. The establishment of a

mutual aid agreement and action protocols between the three regional institutions allowed the legal

and administrative constraints to be overcome. At an operational level, the action protocol, common

training and join drills contribute to better joint intervention. The development of a common program

for the allocation of materials, mobilization mechanisms, computer applications, Remote Manager

and Remote Mobile, and communications resources allowed the reduction of territorial disparities in

the availability of emergency and rescue resources and improved the quality of services in the

cross-border area. At a technical level, some other constraints, mainly associated to the

interoperability of materials/equipment, were also solved.

Cross-border relationships are well-established in the Galicia-Norte de Portugal region. The

development of CPS are deeply associated with a bottom-up process, a result of the needs and

desires of border populations which local politicians have been providing political and administrative

answers to.

In many of the situations the development of CPS does not require a new structure, taking

advantage of the existing infrastructures and administrative and technical support. In many cases

the costs of CPS provision are assumed by one of the partners, for example swimming pools or art

schools. In other cases, the cost of the service are taken on by each partner entity, as a normal

operating cost, as for example EURES or the Biosphere reserve. However, the natural development

of the CPS may lead to the need for a new entity with its own legal personality and its own budget

to operate it to be established.

As has been seen, the services provided under local authorities competences (spatial planning,

economic development, tourism and culture), works with adaptation of domestic rules, contributing

to maximizing interchanging. The obstacles emerge when there are “mixed” levels and

competences.

According to a previous study elaborated to CCDR Norte (2010), the competences of Portuguese

municipalities are greater than those of Spanish local authorities. On the contrary, the autonomous

communities have more flexibility to implement a territorialised sectorial policy than the Portuguese

bodies. As indicated in the study:

“From the analysis of Law no. 159/99 of 14 September, we will conclude that, with regard to Portugal, it will not

be possible to establish a framework of unequivocal and permanent shareable competences, and it is

advisable to identify the large areas of shareable competences, even if they are subject to confirmation on a

case-by-case basis in the case studies to be carried out. This option does not, however, condition that a

sharing solution be systematized in the areas identified” …However, at least as far as Portugal is concerned,

ESPON 2020 37

and whenever there is a lack of such competences at the outset by the local administration, this does not

mean that their sharing cannot be carried out, since it can always be considered an act of delegation or

transfer of powers carried out to an authority expressly for that purpose and only with the limit established by

Decree-Law no. 159/99 of 14 September.” (CCDR Norte 2010, pp. 22)

These differences introduce difficulties in CPS development above local level, particularly important

when the CPS arises from a bottom-up process and needs the intervention of national or regional

deconcentrated services for is implementation. The optimization of GNP-EGTC potential to adjust

legal frameworks should be maximized in this regional context.

ESPON 2020 38

Annex 1: List of CPS

Policy field

Code Place Name CPS

Year establishme

nt

Source

Transport

1174

A Guarda (SP)-

Caminha (PT)

Ferry connection

1993

A-Guarda (SP) is a small municipality (around 10000 inhabitants) in Pontevedra Provincia with a fishing port in a small peninsula surrounded by the Miño river and the Atlantic Ocean. There is a diary connection by ferry supported by Caminha a northern Portuguese municipality to A-Guarda. Caminha is the only municipality in the Minho valley that depends on river transport to ensure regular connection to Galicia, while the remaining four municipalities in the region have international bridges. https://www.cm-caminha.pt/pages/1079

Transport

1184 Verin and Chaves

Intercity bus services

Old servic

es

There is intercity bus service between Verin and Chaves provided by a private operator in a context of international/touristic service. In next future there is the need to have a regular bus transport implemented. http://www.laregion.es/articulo/monterrei/verin-y-chaves-urgen-linea-autobuses-interurbanos/20130420074007003637.html

Spatial planning, economic developm

ent, tourism

and culture

2111 Pontevedra and Porto

Oceanic Observatory

2009

The Oceanic Observatory, started as a project of INTERREG, approved for the period of 2009-2012. The Project was coordinated by the Dirección Xeral de Desenvolvemento Sostible (MeteoGalicia) - Consellería de Medio Ambiente e Desenvolvemento Sostible (Xunta de Galicia), and it aims was to develop a model for management of the transboundary observatory of the oceans, as well as something that manages and distributes data, contributing to good cross-border operability. A large number of other partners, from regional level in Spanish case and regional and national level in Portuguese case were involved (INTECMAR - Instituto Tecnológico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) - Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Instituto de Investigaciones Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Centro Tecnolóxico do Mar-Fundación CETMAR, Universidad de Vigo, CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigaçao Marinha e Ambiental Porto, INESCPorto - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores do Porto, INEGI - Instituto de Engenharía Mecanica e Gestao Industrial, Faculdade de Engenharia - Universidade do Porto, Instituto Hidrográfico (IH, Universidade de Aveiro, Faculdade de Ciências - Universidade do Porto). Actually, the oceanic Observatory, is working, providing services like: specific oceanographic and meteorological forecasts for the shellfish sector in Galicia; prediction of the state of the sea for ports and fishing; oceanographic sensor calibration service (measuring the main physical-chemical parameters of oceanography are calibrated: Temperature, Conductivity / salinity, Pressure, oxygen); the outcrop index (rise of deeper levels of water, cooler and richer in nutrients to the surface). In this portal you can obtain data from the north and west of the Iberian Peninsula; weather forecast to kite surfing and quality of the waves for surfing. Poctep project: http://www.poctep.eu/pt-pt/node/1996. Present: http://www.marnaraia.org/


ent, tourism

and culture

2314 Valença e Tui;

Piscina Municipal de

Valença 2004

Referring to the pool, this one accounts for about 100 000 people annually, which 46 000 belongs to Galicia. 1700 users per month, of with more than 60% belonging to Galicia. Each year, the maintenance costs reach 450 000 euros that are provided by the municipality of Valença. The pool has common use but management and maintenance is done by Valença municipality.


ent, tourism

2315 Verin and Chaves

Cultural Agenda

2008

The cultural agenda is a joint initiative linked to the eurocity Chaves-Verin project officially created in 2008. The agenda is made by both sides, but financially managed by each side of the border. Its objective is to enrich and strengthen the culture, attracting population and preserve cultural assets of both municipalities.

http://www.laregion.es/articulo/monterrei/verin-y-chaves-urgen-linea-autobuses-interurbanos/20130420074007003637.html


http://www.poctep.eu/pt-pt/node/1996

ESPON 2020 39

Policy field

Code Place Name CPS

Year establishme

nt

Source

and culture

This project has also the purpose of developing the social and economic sector, due to the activities implemented related to the mobilization of culture, including activities like: theater for everyone; atelier theater; finding the world of books, “story time”; restoration and conservation workshop (in this case, all of them in Chaves); gastronomic route; museums, photography; festivals for young people; young art exhibition (belonging to the municipality of Chaves), among many others. http://www.eurocidadechavesverin.eu/cultura/agenda-cultural


ent, tourism

and culture

2316 Vila Nova de Cerveira

Municipal pool

1995 Renovated in 2015

Initially opened in 1995, the pool re-opened after revitalization works (designed by energy efficiency and accessibility for all principles) in 2015. Around 60% of users come from Spanish side. The pool has common use but the management and maintenance is done by Vila Nova de Cerveira. http://www.cm-vncerveira.pt/frontoffice/pages/348?news_id=291 and https://telemarinas.com/reabren-a-piscina-de-vila-nova-de-cerveira-que-usaran-vecinos-de-Tomiño/

Spatial

planning, economic developm

ent, tourism

and culture

2317 Arbo, A

Cañiza and Melgaço

Sport facilities

2011

No formal cooperation. There are sport equipment’s in both side of the border. Melgaço has a Sport Internship Center (2001) of international level and a close swimming pool. In A Cañiza there are also sport equipment’s including a swimming pool. They have some agreement or protocol to use their facilities with same prices for all their inhabitants.


ent, tourism

and culture

2318 Lugo, A

Coruña and Minho-Lima

Digital Wall 2011-2015

Digital Wall is a Poctep project entitled “Muralla digital: Aplicación de las TIC a la puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural e histórico”. The purpose of this project is to encourage joint management in order to develop historical and archaeological heritage among a large number of cities, by applying ICT to improve this heritage. Its training leads to strong employability, becoming also an attribute to the tourism sector. Project developed between 2011 and 2015. (http://www.poctep.eu/pt-pt/node/1891)


ent, tourism

and culture

2406 Tui & Valenca

Touristic train

2013

Eurocity of Tui and Valença, created a touristic train, with the purpose of transporting citizens, making both regions know each other. Since 2013-2017, at the beginning it was just running during summer and Christmas time. Since 2017), Valença and Tui were hiring the service. It is a private service, managed directly by the private company http://cadenaser.com/emisora/2017/04/12/radio_vigo/1492001162_026843.html


ent, tourism

and culture

2407 Salvaterra

de Miño and Monção

Touristic train

2015

This one, unites the two regions, in order to promote not only nature, but also culture, art and landscape. This tourist train is the result of a business partnership of two tour operators, one from each country. This service comes after the constitution of Eurocity in december of 2014. http://www.galiciaenteira.com/ocio/tren-da-eurocidade-salvaterra-moncao/#1493832024762-71d794fe-47d0


ent, tourism

and culture

Tomiño and Vila Nova de

Cerveira

Strategic Friendship Agenda –Cerveira-Tomiño

2014

Strategic document with 4 priority axes: 1. The Minho River is a common resource to be explored 2. Cross-border mobility and sustainable territorial development 3. Shared management of local public services and facilities 4. Economic development from smart cooperation Governance is based on the political-institutional leadership of the city councils, within the framework of the Strategic Management Committee (CGE), while other institutional actors are needed. In addition, other social actors will be involved in order to guarantee the positive social impact of the actions developed. It also has a technical and management level that formalizes and monitors the activities, in the design, monitoring and evaluation phases.

http://www.cm-vncerveira.pt/frontoffice/pages/348?news_id=291

http://www.cm-vncerveira.pt/frontoffice/pages/348?news_id=291

http://cadenaser.com/emisora/2017/04/12/radio_vigo/1492001162_026843.html


http://www.galiciaenteira.com/ocio/tren-da-eurocidade-salvaterra-moncao/#1493832024762-71d794fe-47d0


ESPON 2020 40

Policy field

Code Place Name CPS

Year establishme

nt

Source


3124 Tui & Valenca

sharing of health care equipment

between the two

municipalities

2009

Currently, the Emergency Service of Alto Minho in portuguese side, consists of 2 Basic Urgency Services (Ponte de Lima and Monção) and 1 Emergency Medical-Surgical Service (Viana do Castelo). The distance of Valença to Monção (around 17km), Ponte de Lima (about 40km) and Viana de Castelo (65km) is higher than the distance to Tui (7km). Under the Agreement between the Portugal and Spain on border Health Cooperation, signed in Zamora on 22 January 2009, the citizens of Valença and Caminha, in the Portuguese side of the border, go to the urgency Spanish health services. http://www.cm-valenca.pt/portal/page/valenca/portal_municipal/orgaos_autarquicos/EUROCIDADE

Education and

training

4119

Verin and Chaves,

located in Verin)

Musical and Traditional

Dance School

2014

In the context of Eurocity of Verin-Chaves, there was the creation of a musical and traditional dance schooll located in Verin. It aims to promote local traditions among students, facilitating the possibility that they develop the knowledge acquired in actions aimed at the public. For who benefits of the eurocitizen card, there is a discount on tuition and monthly fees for official courses. http://es.eurocidadechavesverin.eu/tarjeta/ventajas/escuela-de-musica-y-danza-tradicional-de-verin

Education and

training

4319

Galicia (ES11) y Norte de Portugal (PT11)

Programa IACOBUS

2014

IACOBUS program facilitates the mobility and exchange of teachers, researchers and administrative staff between higher education institutions in the Northern Portugal Euroregion of Portugal. Through these exchanges and nobilities, common initiatives such as seminars, conferences, meetings and exchange of information and documentation are developed. Joint scientific research and innovation projects and educational cooperation are also developed. Managed and financed by the GNP, EGTC, therefore, having a cross-border joint budget and management

Labour market

and employme

nt

5103

Covered locations:

ES (Galicia) PT (Norte)

EURES cross-border partnership Galicia/Regi

ão Norte

1997

The main objective of the project is cross-border placement of employment and information on living and working conditions for cross-border workers, employers and unemployed. Through EURES Transfronteirizo G-NP is possible to:

disclose business offers to Eurorrexión;

consult offers of employment of Galicia e or Norte de Portugal ;

get information on legislation of the two countries in labor, fiscal and social, applied to cross-border mobility;

explore cross-border training opportunities and practices.

https://ec.europa.eu/eures/main.jsp?lang=en&acro=eures&catId=486&langChanged=true, http://www.eures-norteportugal-galicia.org

Communication,

broadcasting and

information society

6301 Tui & Valenca

Cross-border

integrated digital file system (e-

government)

2015

There is a Memorandum of Understanding signed by the municipalities of Valença and Tui. The signatories undertake to facilitate the exchange of information with a view to the interoperability of municipal registers in Eurocity. This memorandum is the result of the "ARPAD" project, funded by the Spanish-Portuguese Cross-Border Cooperation Program (POCTEP), launched to implement the Integrated Digital Archive System. This one, pretends to serve as a way to interconnect the municipal registers of both municipalities, making the cooperation to become stronger, due the fact that technology and knowledge to be transferred, as technological interoperability and inter-administrative collaboration. Thus, it becomes evident that citizens can be able to enjoy the facilities that cover the municipality, enrolment in courses and licenses of activities in public lands. http://www.ccdr-n.pt/servicos/cooperacao/434/eurocidade-valenca-tui-aposta-na-administracao-publica-eletronica

Environmental

protection, natural

7213

Surface area (terrestrial): 259,496.00

ha; Core

Transboundary

Biosphere Reserve

2009

Founded in 1993 in the Portuguese side, in 1997 they tried to create an European park. But only in 2007, they decided to present a project to UNESCO. In 2009, it starts with one management structure, with people from both sides of the

ESPON 2020 41

Policy field

Code Place Name CPS

Year establishme

nt

Source

resources management and climate change action

area(s): 34,43431 ha

Gerês-Xurés frontier. The Transboundary (or CB) Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés intended as recognition of the need for a common and coordinated effort to safeguard the values of the flora, fauna and landscape, which share the two protected areas, promoting sustainable economic development and an active participation of stakeholders in the territory, demonstrating a balanced relationship between people and nature. It has an administrative Authority, the Comisión de Acompañamiento del Parque Transfronteiriço Gerês-Xurês, with a common programme of action, but with separated budget. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/portugalspain/Gerês-Xurés/, http://www.reservabiosferageresxures.com/l/en/rb1.html, Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas (2016)

Environmental

protection, natural

resources management and climate change action

7245 Tomiño and Vila Nova de

Cerveira

Transfrontier eco-park

Not yet

working

This has the purpose of promoting the two municipalities, named "Castelinho (part of V. N. Cerveira) municipality - Fortaleza Space" (part of Tomiño ayuntamiento), because it is the junction of the same parks, and intends to correspond to an area of about 15 hectares. It is built through a pedestrian bridge over the Rio Minho. Being two different countries, they end up being promoted to each one, with this Park, since it attracts a great population, dynamizes the nature sector and showing what both municipalities has best, providing to the leisure. By having this great mobility between both, it automatically provides a greater relationship and interaction. Thus, being on the Rio Minho, it also ends up qualifying other areas, complementing them, as well as river tourism, as regards the improvement of the Fishing Pier and the Cerveira Recreational Dock, as well as the ferry dock of Goián. These will serve to encourage fishing and water sports. http://bloguedominho.blogs.sapo.pt/cerveira-e-Tomiño-galiza-criam-3653675

Civil protection

and disaster

management

8147

Galicia, Norte de Portugal

and Castilla y León

ARIEM 112 2011

The ARIEM 112 (international mutual assistance in emergencies) established a mechanism for collaboration between the emergency management and the mobilization of resources. It started in 2011 supported by Interreg Programme and involves the Civil Protection Agency of Castilla y León, the Galician Emergency Agency of Galicia and the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte of Portugal. The project had 3 dimensions: 1. Mutual Aid Agreements and Protocols for Joint Action -

They set the Legal Framework for Cooperation and Mutual Assistance and they establish the Activation Mode of Cooperation and Mutual Assistance and also the communication mechanisms to be used (a specific computer application and head phone numbers). Besides, they draw out a Common Typology for Joint Interventions. After they established Protocols for mobilization of resources and Joint Action Procedures (considering aspects such as the Directorate of Operations, procedures for Communication and Information, expenses for assistance) and the implementation is done by a Single Command Network that responds to emergency situations, such as fires or accidents, in border areas;

2. Communication systems and equipment for applying for aid and offering help;

3. Joint Training and Drills. ARIEM 112, covers all border municipalities, including the district of Guarda, Galiza and Castela and Leon, connected by pacts of mutual aid. They provide a service 24 hours a day. The initiative was distinguished as the best plan European Coordination on Emergencies by the European Association of the Single Emergency Number (EENA). The ARIEM 112 had continuity in ARIEM 112+, started in 2017, until 2019.

ESPON 2020 42

Policy field

Code Place Name CPS

Year establishme

nt

Source

The Poctep project was the start for a formal cooperation between emergency services. http://www.ariem112.eu/Paxinas/Objetivos.cshtml

Civil protection

and disaster

management

Tui & Valenca

Cooperation between fire fighters and sharing of equipment

2011

Started during 2011. Budgets is mostly financed by Valença, although, from Tui there are isolated payments and in-kind contributions (such as an ambulance) to the fire fighters brigade of Valença. Integrated in ARIEM. http://www.cm-valenca.pt/portal/page/valenca/portal_municipal/orgaos_autarquicos/EUROCIDADE

Civil protection

and disaster

management

8148 Arbo, A

Cañiza and Melgaço

Fire department

na

ESPON 2020 43

Annex 2: Results from Online survey ESPON CPS 2018

Fig. 1 Needs addressed by the CPS

Source: On line survey ESPON CPS 2018

Fig. 2 – Obstacles encountered when setting up the CPS


0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Adequate supply at the location of potential users

Adequate territorial accessibility

Adequate temporal accessibility

Adequate cultural/language accessibility

Adequate affordability

Adequate quality of service provision

Yes, more or less completely Yes, at least partly Rather not Not at all

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

Legal andadministrative

obstacles

Physical / naturalobstacles and

barriers

Economic anddemographic

discontinuities

Existing socio-cultural divides

Galicia-Norte

ESPON 2020 44

Fig. 4 – Necessary modification of legal frameworks


Fig. 5 – Necessary governance adaptations to implement CPS


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Elaboration of a newconvention between

regional or localauthorities

Conclusion of a specificlocal / regional

cooperation agreementbetween the competentpublic service-organising

entities

Adaptation of an alreadyexisting regional or local

convention

Elaboration of a newinter-state agreement

Adaptation of an alreadyexisting interstate

agreement

Necessary modification of legal frameworks

Galicia-Norte

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Establishment ofan

intergovernmentalcross-border body

Establishment of anew cross-borderstructure for theCPS without an

own legalpersonality

Establishment of anew public-law

based cross-border body for

the CPS by makinguse of specificprovisions in

existing interstateagreements

Adaptation of analready existing

cross-borderstructure / body

Establishment of anew cross-borderbody for the CPSby making use of

the EGTCRegulation (EU) No

1302/2013(1082/2006respectively)

Establishment of a new cross-border body for the CPS

by making use of a country’s domestic

law

Other (pleasespecify)

Necessary governance adaptations to implement CPS

Galicia-Norte

ESPON 2020 45

Annex 3: Workshop Programme

Programa ESPON Cross-border Public Services Prestación de servicios públicos transfronterizos

ESPON CPS

WORKSHOP PROGRAMME Vigo, 7 and 8 June 2018

Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal

Agrupación Europea de Cooperación Territorial CETMAR, Rúa Eduardo Cabello, s/n – 36208 Vigo (Pontevedra)

7 de junio 2018

09h15 – Recepción a los participantes 09h30 – Presentación GNP, AECT - Eurorregión Galicia Norte de Portugal Director - Xosé Lago Sub-directora - Graça Fonseca 10h00 – Cooperación Local para la prestación de servicios públicos municipales transfronterizos Moderador: GNP, AECT Expertos en CPS: Eduarda Marques da Costa – Nuno Costa: Representantes de Consortium Spatial Foresight / IGOT (Univ. Lisboa)

Eurociudad Tui – Valença

Eurociudad Tomiño – Vn Cerveira

Eures Transfronterizo

Fundación CEER

Universidad Santiago de Compostela Temática: Deporte; Cultura; Compartir equipamientos públicos locales; Turismo; Mercado laboral y cooperación empresarial; Cooperación universitaria: Otras vías de cooperación en la administración local (Presupuestos participativos, Valedor del Ciudadano, transporte público local, registros interconectados…)

Debate A las 11h30 se realizará una pausa café 13h45 – Fin de las presentaciones / debate 14h00 – Visita en autobús a la Eurociudad Tui – Valença y Tomiño – VN Cerveira

14:30 Tomiño – Vn Cerveira

Comida en el Mercado de Tomiño.

Recepción en el Concello de Tomiño. Alcaldesa, Sandra Gónzález.

Entrevista con las Valedoras de la ciudadanía transfronteriza.

Recepción CM Vila Nova de Cerveira. Visita a la Piscina y a la Exposición sobre el nuevo puente peatonal sobre el río Miño.

17:15 (pt) Valença - Tui Recepción CM Valença.

Visita Albergue / piscina / Eures T / otros.

Tren turístico transfronterizo Valença hasta Tui.

Recepción en el Concello de Tui. 19h00 (pt) – Fin de la visita y viaje de vuelta a Vigo – Bouzas

ESPON 2020 46

Programa ESPON Cross-border Public Services Prestación de servicios públicos transfronterizos

8 de junio 2018

09h15 – Recepción a los participantes 09h30 – Mesa Redonda y debate sobre el desarrollo y futuras alternativas en la prestación de servicios públicos a nivel transfronterizo: Moderador: GNP, AECT: Equipo Directivo Expertos en CPS: Eduarda Marques da Costa – Nuno Costa: Representantes de Consortium Spatial Foresight / IGOT (Univ. Lisboa) Fundación Centro Estudios EuroRegionales Galicia Norte de Portugal Xunta de Galicia 12:00 – Cierre del Seminario

ESPON 2020 47

Annex 4: Workshop Participants

ESPON CPS WORKSHOP

Participants, 7th June 2018

Participants Entity

Presidente CM Valença Eurociudad Tui - Valença

Fernando Barros - Técnico CM Valença Eurociudad Tui - Valença

Diana Pereira - Técnico - CM Valença Eurociudad Tui - Valença

Andres Urseira - Vereador Concello de Tui Eurociudad Tui - Valença

Sandra González - Alcaldesa Tomiño Eurociudad Tomiño - Vila Nova de Cerveira

Fernando Nogueira - Presidente CM V. N. Cerveira

Eurociudad Tomiño - Vila Nova de Cerveira

Xabier Macias - Técnico del Ayuntamento Tomiño

Eurociudad Tomiño - Vila Nova de Cerveira

Elisabet De Santiago Concello Tomiño

Karina Bouzada González Concello Tomiño

Sónia Antunes - Técnica CM V. N. Cerveira Eurociudad Tomiño - Vila Nova de Cerveira

Jose Antonio Amoeiro Mosquera Reserva Transfronteriza Gerês Xurés

Margarida Fernández González - Concello Salvaterra

Eurociudad Salvaterra - Monção

Mª Fátima Abreu - CM Monção Eurociudad Salvaterra - Monção

Carine Cardoso Fernandes Esteves - CM Monção

Eurociudad Salvaterra - Monção

Benjamín Augusto López Rodríguez Diputación de Pontevedra

Lois Pérez Castrillo Diputación de Pontevedra

Marina Piñeiro Novo Diputación de Pontevedra

Lucía Vázquez Salinas Diputación de Pontevedra

F. Javier Feijoo Méndez Diputación de Ourense

Silke Haarich Spatial Foresight Gmbh

Blanco Eire, Manuel Xunta de Galicia

Carmen Juliani Aguado Xunta de Galicia

Mª Luisa Pena Babío Xunta de Galicia

Amparo Castaño Aguado Xunta de Galicia

Elvira Abollo CETMAR

Teresa Ventín - Coordinadora Eures Transfronterizo

Valerià Pül - Director Fundación CEER

Juan Manuel Trillo - Profesor Un. Santiago Compostela

Jorge Cebreiros Arce - Presidente Confederación Empresarios Pontevedra

Eduarda Marques da Costa IGOT - Univ. Lisboa

Nuno M. Sessarego M. da Costa IGOT - Univ. Lisboa

Xosé Lago GNP, AECT

Graça Fonseca GNP, AECT

Martín Alonso GNP, AECT

Isabel Esteves GNP, AECT

André Rodrigues GNP, AECT

Borja Navarro GNP, AECT

ESPON 2020 48

ESPON CPS Workshop Vigo, 7th June,

Headquarter of Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal

ESPON CPS Workshop Vila Nova de Cerveira, 7th June,

ESPON 2020 49

ESPON CPS

WORKSHOP 8th June 2018

Participants 8th June 2018

Participants Entity

Jose Antonio Amoeiro Mosquera Reserva Transfronteriza Gerês Xurés

Xabier Macias - Técnico del Ayto Tomiño Eurociudad Tomiño - Vila Nova de Cerveira

Benjamín Augusto López Rodríguez La Asociación de Cooperación Transfronteriza Río Miño

Lois Pérez Castrillo La Asociación de Cooperación Transfronteriza Río Miño

Eduarda Marques da Costa IGOT - Univ. Lisboa

Nuno M. Sessarego M. da Costa IGOT - Univ. Lisboa

Xosé Lago GNP, AECT

Graça Fonseca GNP, AECT

Borja Navarro GNP, AECT

ESPON CPS Workshop Vigo, 8th June,

Headquarter of Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal

ESPON 2020 50

References

List of interviews

Macias, Xabier, Técnico del Ayto Tomiño - Eurociudad Tomiño - Vila Nova de Cerveira,

25th June 2018

Barros, Fernando, Técnico CM Valença - Eurociudad Tui – Valença, 2nd

August 2018

Antunes, Sónia, Técnico Serviço de Planeamento, Ordenamento do Território,

Estudos e Projetos. Município de Vila Nova de Cerveira, Eurociudad Tomiño - Vila

Nova de Cerveira , 25th June 2018

Documents and Literature

CCDR Norte (2010): Novos referenciais para a gestão partilhada em zonas transfronteiriças (NoGePaZoT) Lisboa, CEDRU (http://www.ccdr-n.pt/sites/default/files/ficheiros_ccdrn/administracaolocal/nogepazot_relatorio_final_0.pdf)

CCDR Norte-Direccion Xeral de Relacions Exteriores/Xunta da Galicia (2014): PLANO DE INVESTIMENTOS CONJUNTOS DA EUROREGIÃO GALICIA-NORTE DE PORTUGAL (2014-2020), CCDR Norte-Direccion Xeral de Relacions Exteriores/Xunta da Galicia.

Cunha, N. F. (2016): Cooperação Transfronteiriça no Noroeste Peninsular: A Eurocidade Chaves – Verín, Relatório de Estágio Cultura e Sociedade na Europa, Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa

ESPON (2012): Geospecs, European Perspective on Specific Types of Territories Applied Research 2013/1/12 Final Report | Version 20/12/2012, 2012.

Galician Innovation Agency & Regional Coordination and Development Commission of the North (2015): Cross-border smart specialisation strategy of Galicia-Northern Portugal (ris3t).

Galicia – Norte EGTC (no date mentioned): Galicia – Norte European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation –EGTC. “Internationalization policies and strategies of the north Portugal region”.

IP - Infraestruturas de Portugal (2017) 2019 Diretório da rede. IP, Lisboa.

Jerónimo, P. (2016): Faraway so close: cross-border migration in the Euro-region Galicia-Norte de Portugal and the unmet expectations of an easy socio-cultural integration. ICON-S 2016 International conference borders, otherness and public law.

OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2012): Public investment across levels of government: The Case of Galicia, Spain. OECD 28th Territorial Development Policy Committee. 4-5 December 2012, OECD Conference Centre.

Oliveira, E. & Boisen, M. (2015): Geography and Planning of Europe. “Zooming in” Spain (Galicia) & Portugal (Northern region). Lecture at the Univerity of Groningen / Faculty of Spatial Science on March 12, 2015). Groningen, The Netherlands.

Vieira, E. & Liron Lago, J. (n.d.): The Consolidation of the Galicia – Norte European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation in Euroregion. Galicia – Norte de Portugal European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation (GNP-EGTC) 2010/2011

Xunta de Galicia (2012a): Estudio sobre costes de contexto en la frontera hispano-lusa en las áreas sectoriales de servicios sociales y empleo. Informe final. Santiago de Compostela, 30 de julio de 2012. Bloque temático II, análisis normativo y competencial en el ámbito de los servicios sociales y de empleo.

Xunta de Galicia (2012b): Estudio sobre costes de contexto en la frontera hispano-lusa en las áreas sectoriales de servicios sociales y empleo. Informe final. Santiago de Compostela, 30 de julio de 2012. Bloque temático III, definición de los problemas advertidos y análisis de las dificultades

ESPON 2020 51

existentes en el proceso de implementación de un régimen de cooperación transfronteriza en las áreas objeto de estudio."

WEB References




http://www.marnaraia.org/

http://www.eurocidadechavesverin.eu/cultura/agenda-cultural

https://telemarinas.com/reabren-a-piscina-de-vila-nova-de-cerveira-que-usaran-vecinos-de-Tomiño/




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america/portugalspain/geres-xures/,

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http://www.marnaraia.org/

http://www.eurocidadechavesverin.eu/cultura/agenda-cultural

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http://es.eurocidadechavesverin.eu/tarjeta/ventajas/escuela-de-musica-y-danza-tradicional-de-verin

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ESPON 2020 52

ESPON 2020 – More information

ESPON EGTC 4 rue Erasme, L-1468 Luxembourg - Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Phone: +352 20 600 280 Email: [email protected] www.espon.eu, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube

The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.