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2018 Season Report
Contents
CROPSAFE: 2018 REVIEW...................................................................3
PASSIVE CROP SURVEILLANCE............................................................4
2018 CROPSAFE FINDINGS.................................................................5Training in 2018...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Field days in 2018................................................................................................................................................... 5
2018 CROPSAFE FINDINGS BY REGION................................................6Wimmera............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Mallee.................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Southern................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Northern................................................................................................................................................................ 9
FURTHER INFORMATION...................................................................10Diagnostics........................................................................................................................................................... 10
Sampling reminder............................................................................................................................................... 10
Disease updates.................................................................................................................................................... 10
FiguresFIGURE 1. PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE BY REGION IN 2018 (N=72)......................................................3
FIGURE 2: PERCENTAGE OF CROP TYPES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE DURING 2018. OTHER CROP TYPES WERE: LUPINS 7%, FIELD PEAS 4%, LUCERNE 3%, VETCH 1%, SUB-CLOVER 1% AND LINSEED 1%.........................................................................5
FIGURE 3: THE NUMBER OF CROPSAFE SAMPLES RECEIVED EACH MONTH DURING 2018 COMPARED TO THE 10 YEAR AVERAGE...5
FIGURE 4: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE WIMMERA REGION IN 2018. OTHER CROP TYPES WERE: LUPINS 9%, FABA BEANS, 6%, FIELD PEAS 3% AND LUCERNE 3%........................................................................6
FIGURE 5: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE MALLEE REGION IN 2018........................7
FIGURE 6: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE SOUTHERN REGION IN 2018. OTHER CROP TYPES: BARLEY 6%, CHICKPEAS 6%, FABA BEANS 6%, LINSEED 6% AND LUPINS 6%.......................................................8
FIGURE 7: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE NORTHERN REGION IN 2018...................9
CROPSAFE: 2018 REVIEW
Exotic plant pests and diseases pose a significant threat to Victoria's cropping and horticulture sectors. Increased movement of plant materials, farm products and international travel, have increased Victoria’s risk of significant exotic plant pest and disease incursions.
Preventing pests and diseases from becoming established, and quickly identifying and eradicating localised outbreaks, is critical to protecting these industries.
CropSafe, an active, self-help 'eyes in the field' surveillance system, aimed at increasing the identification and reporting of plant pests and diseases by agronomists, delivers a reassuring biosecurity service that protects these valuable industries. The CropSafe program is delivered by Agriculture Victoria (DJPR), in collaboration with major agribusiness companies and a network of private consultants.
In 2018, 72 samples were submitted to CropSafe for identification of unknown pests and diseases, down from 150 samples submitted the previous year.
This decrease in disease was due to drier seasonal conditions in 2018 compared to 2017, and a much lower disease risk due to lack of rainfall during critical infection periods and good overall disease management. Agronomists improved knowledge on endemics identification and education of exotic symptoms through targeted industry training and awareness through the CropSafe program, is also likely to have decreased the number of endemic samples being submitted.
The majority of samples were submitted from the Wimmera with 49 per cent, followed by the Southern region with 22 per cent (Figure 1).
All Victorian lupin samples submitted to CropSafe in 2018 were negative for anthracnose.
Lentils with unusual symptoms were also cleared of exotic diseases. Samples were suspected to be symptomatic due to dry seasonal conditions.
While 2018 had lower disease pressure there are still several aggressive diseases such as chickpea ascochyta blight that will need vigilant monitoring in 2019. Other crop diseases will also need to be monitored and managed on an ‘as needs’ basis.
Consult a state disease or sowing guide for further information.
Mallee15%
Northern14%
Southern22%
Wimmera49%
Percentage of samples submitted by each re-
gion
FIGURE 1. PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE BY REGION IN 2018 (N=72)
PASSIVE CROP SURVEILLANCE
The 2018 CropSafe general surveillance survey resulted in CropSafe agronomists reporting on just over 1.9 million hectares which is approximately half of the estimated 3.2 million hectares of grain crop in Victoria (Table 1). Crops were inspected three to ten times (averaging five times) during the growing season, depending on the crop type and scouting program required for crop pest and disease management.
Table 1. 2018 Passive crop surveillance inspection reported to CropSafe
CropNumber of paddocks
Inspected Hectares
Wheat 9,004 620,628
Barley 5,309 470,322
Oats 1,416 67,232
Triticale 93 4,679
Canola 4,659 270,935
Lentils 1,881 236,631
Vetch 1,219 121,163
Field pea 417 52,109
Faba beans 646 43,555
Lupins 468 33,768
Chickpea 164 20,570
TOTAL 25,276 1,941,591
Table 2. Probability of freedom for 2018 based on the area surveyed by CropSafe agronomists for Victoria's top exotic pests and diseases in broadacre agriculture.
Exotic pest/ disease 2018
American Serpentine Leaf Miner 0.91600
Maize Leafhopper 0.99999
Turnip Moth 0.85538
Barley Stem Gall Midge 0.99437
European Wheat Stem Sawfly 1.00000
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil 0.90201
Canola Verticillium Wilt 0.94531
Fusarium Wilt of Canola 0.94531
Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea 0.50917
Barley Stripe Rust 0.99995
Lentil Rust 0.95467
Lupin Anthracnose 0.68911
Lentil Anthracnose 0.85283
Karnal Bunt 0.99878
* Given design prevalence of 1:1000 plants and 1:1000 crops affected, and a 1:20 year chance of incursion
Area of Freedom DataThank you to the agronomists who provided details of passive crop surveillance for the 2018 cropping season. This critical information is an important component in the CropSafe program and assists the continuation of CropSafe services.
Surveillance information provides strong evidence that Victoria is free from exotic pests and diseases and can assist in maintaining and gaining market access.
Analysis of the surveillance statistics provided by CropSafe for all grain crops provides strong evidence of their health status (this can only be applied to
exotics featured in the CropSafe manual and where we can be assured that participating agronomists are aware of these exotics and have had some level of training in their recognition).
It is recognised that the partnership with industry through CropSafe provides a breadth of crop health surveillance data and quality of disease freedom information, that cannot be achieved otherwise.
The sources of information to generate the area of freedom data remain anonymous.
For more information please contact Dale Boyd at Agriculture Victoria Echuca on (03) 5482 0439 or email [email protected]
2018 CROPSAFE FINDINGS
In 2018, 72 samples were submitted to CropSafe for suspected exotic pests and diseases. This number was lower than in 2017 and is the lowest number of samples received during the lifetime of the project. An average year sees between 100 and 200 samples submitted.
Crop diseases caused 65 per cent of the symptoms on the 2018 CropSafe samples submitted. Environmental and stress related symptoms accounted for the remaining samples.
Fifty-one per cent of samples submitted for identification were pulses and cereals made up less than 40 per cent (Figure ).
In late 2018, Turnip Yellow virus (TuYV) infection in the southern region caused an influx of forage brassica samples
Figure 3 shows the effect of the seasonal conditions on the number of samples received when compared to the long-term average. While there was the usual peak of samples submitted during August, this number dropped rapidly in September as frost and lack of moisture became apparent in crops. The Mallee and northern regions were particularly affected, and many crops were either sprayed out or cut for hay. This would have also reduced overall disease risk.
Training in 2018Crop disease identification and management training. Three one-day workshops were held in Horsham from 9-11 October with over 60 agronomists in attendance.
These workshops covered identification and management of diseases in canola, cereal and pulse crops.
Field days in 2018
A crown rot and nematode resistance field day was held on November 8, 2018.
Other18%
Faba Beans8%
Forage brassica11%
Lentils13%
Chickpea14%
Barley17%
Wheat19%
Percentage of crop types submitted
FIGURE 2: PERCENTAGE OF CROP TYPES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE DURING 2018. OTHER CROP TYPES WERE: LUPINS 7%, FIELD PEAS 4%, LUCERNE 3%, VETCH 1%, SUB-CLOVER 1% AND LINSEED 1%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Number of samples re-ceived by CropSafe each
month
2018 10 year average
FIGURE 3: THE NUMBER OF CROPSAFE SAMPLES RECEIVED EACH MONTH DURING 2018 COMPARED TO THE 10 YEAR AVERAGE.
2018 CROPSAFE FINDINGS BY REGION
The following pages are regional summaries of the CropSafe findings from 2018, outlining the pests and diseases that were issues in Victorian cropping.
WimmeraThe Wimmera region includes the West Wimmera, Hindmarsh, Yarriambiack and Northern Grampians shires and Horsham rural city.
In the Wimmera, 35 CropSafe samples were received during 2018 (55 during 2017). Cereals made up 52 per cent and pulses 48 per cent (up from 45 and 31 per cent respectively in 2016). No Russian wheat aphid samples were diagnosed in 2018 from the Wimmera region. Rhizoctonia was the most common cause of disease in a range of crops submitted for disease in 2018. Sclerotinia was also found in some of the Lupin sample submitted.
Other20%
Chickpea11%
Lentils17%
Wheat23%
Barley29%
Crop Type
FIGURE 4: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE WIMMERA REGION IN 2018. OTHER CROP
TYPES WERE: LUPINS 9%, FABA BEANS, 6%, FIELD PEAS 3% AND LUCERNE 3%.
TABLE 3: PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS OF CROPSAFE SAMPLES SUBMITTED FROM THE WIMMERA REGION (ABIOTIC, NON-PEST OR DISEASE SUBMISSIONS ARE HIGHLIGHTED).
Diagnosis Number of samples
Rhizoctonia 9Sclerotinia 3Pythium root rot 2Ascochyta 1Cercospora 1Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN) 1Fusarium 1Ring Spot 1Root lesion nematode 1Septoria 1Stunt nematode 1Environmental 6Chemical damage 2Frost damage 2Nutritional disorder 2Boron Toxicity 1
Mallee The Mallee region includes Buloke and Gunnawarra shires and Mildura and Swan Hill rural cities.
Only 11 samples were received by CropSafe from the Mallee region during 2018, down from 21 in 2017. Pulses accounted for 100 per cent of samples received in 2018. By comparison in 2017 cereals accounted for 50 per cent of samples, pulses 32 per cent and oilseeds 18 per cent.
Most of the damage seen in Mallee pulse crops appeared to be due to environmental factors (abiotic disease) rather than disease.
Chickpea45%
Faba Beans18%
Lentils27%
Pea9%
Crop Type
FIGURE 1: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE MALLEE REGION IN 2018.
TABLE 4: PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS OF CROPSAFE SAMPLES SUBMITTED FROM THE MALLEE REGION (ABIOTIC, NON-PEST OR DISEASE SUBMISSIONS ARE HIGHLIGHTED)
Diagnosis Number of samples
Bacterial blight 1Environmental 7Herbicide damage 2Frost damage 1 Southern
The southern region includes Glenelg, Southern Grampians, Moyne, Pyrenees, Corangamite, Colac-Otway, Golden Plains, Hepbourn, Moorabool, Surfcoast, Cardinia, Baw Baw, Bass Coast, South Gippsland, Wellington and East Gippsland shires. Also included in the region is the city of Greater Geelong, Ballarat, La Trobe and Melbourne.
A total of 16 samples were submitted to CropSafe from the Southern region during 2018 (29 in 2017). Brassicas were the most common crop submitted and represented 50 per cent of all samples received, followed by cereals with 28 per cent.
A range of diseases were identified including Pythium
root rot, TuYV (formerly BWYV) and Septoria. Eyespot was also found in two samples.
TABLE 5: PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS OF CROPSAFE SAMPLES SUBMITTED FROM THE SOUTHERN REGION (ABIOTIC, NON-PEST OR DISEASE SUBMISSIONS ARE HIGHLIGHTED)
Diagnosis Number of samples
Turnip Yellows Virus 7Rhizoctonia 2Bacterial blight 1Net form of net blotch 1Pratylenchus nematode 1Septoria blotch 1Stripe rust 1Fusarium 1Frost damage 1
Other 28%
Brassica11%
Wheat22%
Forage brassica39%
Crop Type
FIGURE 2: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE SOUTHERN REGION IN 2018. OTHER CROP TYPES: BARLEY 6%, CHICKPEAS 6%, FABA BEANS 6%, LINSEED 6% AND LUPINS 6%.
NorthernThe northern region includes Loddon, Campaspe, Central Goldfields, Mount Alexander, Macedon Ranges, Mitchell, Strathbogie, Moira, Mansfield, Alpine, Indigo and Towong shires; the rural cities of
Barley10%
Faba Beans10%
Forage brassica10%
Lucerne10%
Lupins10%
Pea10%
Sub clover10%
Vetch and Ryegrass10%
Wheat20%
Crop Type
FIGURE 3: CROP TYPE BREAKDOWN OF SAMPLES SUBMITTED TO CROPSAFE FROM THE NORTHERN REGION IN 2018.
TABLE 6: PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS OF CROPSAFE SAMPLES SUBMITTED FROM THE NORTHERN REGION (ABIOTIC, NON-PEST OR DISEASE SUBMISSIONS ARE HIGHLIGHTED)
Diagnosis Number of samples
Rhizoctonia 4Bacterial blight 1Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) 1Spot form of net blotch 1Turnip Yellows Virus (formerly Beet western yellows virus) 1Warehouse beetle 1Environmental/physiological 1
Benalla, Wangaratta and Wodonga; and the cities of Greater Bendigo and Greater Shepparton.
In the Northern region, 10 samples were received by CropSafe during 2018 (32 in 2017). Cereals represented 30 per cent of these, with pulses representing 50 per cent of samples submitted. Bean leaf roll was detected early in the season in an irrigated pasture that was ploughed in. Subsequent testing of surrounding pastures was negative for the virus. The most common disease was rhizoctonia.
FURTHER INFORMATION
Diagnostics From receipt at the Agriculture Victoria Horsham site, the expected turnaround time is about 10 days for samples requiring visual or laboratory-based diagnosis. Samples requiring virus testing or more in-depth diagnosis by Crop Health Services in Melbourne may take longer. Final results are delivered via email with a follow up phone call where required.
Sampling reminderWhen sampling, collect two to three plants with a range of symptoms. Please include roots plus a healthy sample for comparison. It is best to dig plants out, as pulling plants from the ground will damage the root system. Shake loose dirt from roots, wrap in moist paper and place in a sealed plastic bag. For pest specimens, place in a sealed jar along with pieces of host material.
Record all known information on the CropSafe submission form. Distribution of symptoms, paddock and chemical history are all vital to assist with prompt diagnosis. Keep samples away from heat and light before putting them in the mail. Please list your agronomist code on the submission sheet. If this is unknown, please contact the CropSafe team.
Disease updatesOf particular concern to our cropping industry are exotic diseases (not presently found in Australia) including barley stripe rust, bunted cereals, rust on lentils or field peas, and wheat saw stem fly as outlined in the CropSafe manual.
Samples should be sent to: CropSafe, Department of Economic Development, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic. 3401
For more information visit the CropSafe page: http://bit.ly/1gb9ox0 or contact CropSafe coordinator, Luise Sigel at Agriculture Victoria Horsham on (03) 4344 3370 or (03) 4344 3111.
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