Crop Table

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Crop ClassCommertial

PartOther name Origin Family Use

Mustard condiment Seed

white or yellow mustard

(Sinapis hirta), brown or

Indian mustard (Brassica

juncea), black mustard

(Brassica nigra), English,

French and German

Mustard

Southern Europe, China

introduced to Northern

India, Southern

Mediterranean region

Brassicaceae

cooking, preservative and

antioxidant properties, flavour a

colour, cattle feed,

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Sesame condiment Seed Sesamum indicicum LAfrica, Secondary-India &

JapanPedaliaceae

Cooking, Medicinal Purpose,

perfumed oils

Safflower Herb seed Carthamus tinctorius LIndia, Afghanistan and

EthopiaAsteraceae

culinary purposes, cosmetics

making soap, manufacture o

paints, varnishes and linoleum

greasing well ropes and leathe

goods exposed to water, cattl

feed, dyes, human insulin

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Sunflower Oil Seeds Seed Helianthus annus L.southern United States and

MexicoCompositac

culinary purposes, soaps and

cosmetics, cattle and poultry fe

manufacturing margarine andbiodiesel,

Soy bean Oil Seeds Seed Glycine max, greater bean, China Fabaceaeanimal feeds, Oil, industrial

applications,

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Cashew Commodity Seed Anacardium occidentaleNorthern South America,

Brazil,Anacardiaceae Medicine, Culinary, Alcohol,

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Intgernational Names Varietirs International BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

Spanish : Mostaza

French : Moutarde

German : Senfsaat

Swedish : Senap

Arabic : Khardal

Dutch : Mosterd

Italian : Senape

Portuguese : Mostarda

Russian : Gorchitsa

Japanese : Shiro Karashi

Chinese : Chieh

Dijon (medium-strength) and Meaux in France,

Norwich (very hot) and Tewkesbury, famed for itsvariety, in the United Kingdom; and Dsseldorf (hot)

and Bavaria (sweet) in Germany, Spicy brown/deli-

style mustard, American beer mustard, Whole-grain

mustard or granary mustard, Sweet mustards, Honey

mustard, Fruit mustards, Herb mustards, Hot mustards,

Horseradish mustard, Old World mustards, Spirited

mustards, Irish mustard, Australian mustard, Russian

mustard

The pods are two-valved, three-

valved or four-valved, depending

upon the number of carpels in the

ovary. flowers begin to open from 8

a.m. and continue up to 12 noon.

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Middle East : kunjid,

Russian : kunzhut, Brazil :

gergelim, Spanish :

ajonjol, Hindi : gingli,

African : benne, US : benne

Sallflower, Beni,

Chimichanga, or

Carthamus Tinctorius,

Benibana, Japan :

Suetsumuhana,

highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-

like annual, varying in height from 30

to 160 cm.

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Sunflower

American Giant Hybrid', 'Arnika', 'Autumn Beauty' ,

(Autumnal colors), 'Aztec Sun', 'Black Oil', 'Dwarf

Sunspot', 'Evening Sun', 'Giant Primrose', 'Indian

Blanket Hybrid', 'Irish Eyes', 'Italian White', 'Kong

Hybrid', 'Large Grey Stripe', 'Lemon Queen' (Pale

lemon), 'Mammoth Russian', 'Mongolian Giant',

'Orange Sun', 'Peach Passion', 'Peredovik', 'Red

Sun''Ring of Fire', 'Rostov', 'Skyscraper', 'Soraya'

'Strawberry Blonde', 'Sunny Hybrid', 'Taiyo' (Orange-

yellow, chocolate center), 'Tarahumara', 'Teddy Bear',

'Titan', 'Valentine',

'Velvet Queen' (red to dark claret, chocolate center),

'Yellow Empress'

annual plant

U.S. : soybean, UK : soya

bean, Chinese : ddu,

Japanese : daizu

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cross pollinated crop

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DISTRIBUTION, AREA AND PRODUCTION CLIMATE AND SOIL CULTIVATION PESTS

Australia, China, Chili, Denmark, Italy, Japan,

The UK, The Netherlands, North Africa, Canada

and USA. India (3rd) -Area 3-5 million hectares,producing about 2 million tonnes of seed

annually. Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana,

Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan

(1st), West Bengal and Orissa. World

Production 40 million tones. At an average

India produces around 5 million tones of

rape/mustard annually. "Production -

http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.ht

ml?lang=en&item=292&year=2005"

tropical & temperate zones, 25 to 40

cm of rainfall, Soil - light to heavy

loams,

Oct to Feb (rabbi) crop in North India,

July to November in South India, annual

herbs. seed-bed. Seed Rate -5 kg of seed

per ha, Sowing Aug-Oct, Thinning is done

three weeks after sowing, plough, plant-

to-plant distance of 10 to 15 cm,

Harvesting -crop begins to turn yellow,

Earliest- 75 to 90 days, Threshing/feet

trampling, Winnowing

aphid (Methyl Demeton0.02% or 1imetboate 0.03%

or Phosphomidon 0.0V/),

mustard sawfly (dusting 10%

BHC @ 25 kg per ha),

cutworm (drilling soil 5% dust

of Aldrin or Heptachlor or

Chlordane @ 25 kg per ha),

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India (1st-2-5 million ha (45 % the world ha),

total production- 52 k tonnes, 21 lakh ha in

only 8 states), China Sudan, Mexico, Turkey,

Burma and Pakistan. Uttar Pradesh (673,000),Rajasthan (562,000), Madhya Pradesh

(345,000), Andhra Pradesh (237,000)

Maharashtra (139,000), Gujarat (118,000),

Tamil Nadu (117,000) and Orissa (103,000.

Among other states only Karnataka has a

sizable area (68,000). "Production -



In plains at elevations up to 1,200 m,

soils- sandy-loam to heavy black, pH-

5.5 to 8.2.

annual plant. kharif-June to Dec (70%),

semi-rabi (20%) and summer (10%).

Maharashtra and Gujarat- line-sowing, in

all other states - sown broadcast. Spacing- 25 to 35 cm between the rows and 10

to 20 cm between the plants in the row.

seed-rate -3 to 5 kg per ha. 25-30 kg of

N, 20-30 kg of P2O5 and 0-20 kg of K2O

per hectare. Harvest-when the leaves,

stems and capsules begin to turn yellow

and the lower leaves start shedding,

threshing, Winnowing

leaf-eating caterpillar, gall-fly

(Carbaryl 0.2%)

India, USA, Mexico, Ethopia, Spain, the USSR,

Australia. India Area - 590,000 hectares with a

production of nearly 130,000 tonnes.

Maharashtra (04.4%), Karnataka (26.0%) and

Andhra Pradesh (8.0%). "Production -



rabi primarily as a rainfed crop, Being

drought-resistant, it is cultivated on all

types of soil, fairly resistant to saline

condition.

mostly as a mixture, grown as a secondcrop after any quick-maturing kharif

crop. Sowing - Sep-Oct. seed-rate - 5 to

12 kg/ha, ow spacing of 45 cm is

adopted, 20-40 kg of N/ha results in a

substantial increase in yield. Harvesting -

When the plants have developed the

central flowering head. topped. matures

in 4 or 5 months after sowing.

winnowed.

aphid (O.1% Fenithion), thrips

(0.03% Dimethoate), flower

bud fly (0.07% Endosulfan),

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Argentina, Bulgaria, Pumania, Turkey and

South America."Production -

http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html?item=267&lang=en&year=2005"

optimum temperature - 27-28 0C, Soil -

sandy loam, black soil and alluvial soil,

ph - 6.0to 8.5, fine seedbed,

Sowing-Jan, Seed Rate - 5kg seed/ha,

Spacing - 60*30cm, NPK 60.30.30 Kg/ha,

Harvesting -when back of flower heads

turn lemon yellow or yellowish brown

near the stalk and the discs start drying

Mostly polyphagous

pest_during Mar-Apr-May,

Cut worm (Dursban/Radar 20

EC (Chlorpyriphos)@5 lit/ha

before sowing_Broadcast),

Tobacco caterpillar, Cabbage

Semi-looper, Bihar hairycaterpillar, Head borer

(Carbaryl, Acephate,

Fenitrothion, Chlorpyriphos,

Endosulfan,

Monocrotophous)

United States (35%), Brazil (27%), Argentina

(19%), China (6%) and India (4%). Madhya

Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra and

Gujarat. "Production -



warm and moist climate, Planting - Jun-

Jul. pH - 6.0 and 7.5. Seed Rate - 70-80

kg seed/ha

80120 days from sowing to harvesting.

NPK - 30.100.60. Harvesting - when start

dropping their leaves. At harvest-

moisture content - 15%. Threshing,

Beanfly (monocrotophos,

omethoate or dimethoate @

0.5 kg a.i./ha), Pod borers,

Stink bugs, Defoliators feed

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India - Area 7.30 lakh ha, Production - 4.60

lakh tonnes of raw cashew nut. Costal Afre of

Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala,

Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu.

"Production-

http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html?lang=en&item=217&year=2005"

Anacardiaceae

spacing -7 to 9 meters -square system,

Harvesting - reaping the nuts that have

dropped to the ground after maturing,

Tea Mosquito (carboryl 0.1.%

or phosalone 0.07% or

endosulfan 0.05% or

dimethoate 0.05%), Thrips

(0.05% monocrotophos or

0.1% carbaryl), Stem and

Root Borers (0.1% BHC

swabbing), Fruit and nut

Borers (endosulfan at 0.07%

or monocrotophos 0.05% )

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DISEASES YIELD CONTENT

Alternaria blight, rust (Dithane

M-45 or Difolaton @11 kg per

ha), Orobanche (a

phanerogamic parasite)

toria@ 450 to 650 kg/ha,

sarson@800 to 1,000 kg/ha

and rai 1,000 to 1,200 kg/ha.

Oil content crucie acid,

linolenic acid, oleic acid,

erucic acid. Protein

contained 24 and 30%.

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Stem and root-rot, Ashby,

phyllody (Phosphomidon 0.05%

or Dimethoate 0.05% or

Dichlorovas 0.05%), bacterial

leafspot (Agrimyein@01-100

ppm), leaf-curl, Macfphomila rot

(seed-borne diseases-Captan or

Thiram @3 g/kg of seed) Weed-

Lasso@3 litres/ha

kharif -200 to 500 kg/ha,

semi-rabi & irrigated summer

crop- 300 to 600 kg/ha.

oil content 46 to 52 %,

rich protein,

carbohydrates and

mineral nutrients

Rust, alternaria leaf-spot, root-

rot. (resistant varieties is

recommended to avoid damage

from these diseases.)

pure crop - 400-500 kg of

seed/ hectare, mixed crop -

100 kg/ha.

oil content varies from 24

to 36 per cent

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All soil borne - Brassicol or

Thiram @ 2 g /kg of seed to

control fungal disease. Steam

rot / cottony rot, Root

rot/charcoal rot, Head rot,

oil recovery of 35%. The

protein content is around

25%

Rust (mancozeb/triadimefon@2-

kg a.i./ha), Downy mildew

(mancozeb@2-kg a.i./ha),

Bacterial pustule (resistant

varieties),

30 quintals/ha

Beans -phytic acid, alpha-

linolenic acid, and the

isoflavones genistein and

daidzein. 20 % oil and 40

% high quality protein,

vitamins (thiamine and

riboflavin)

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powdery mildew (2% sulphur

W.P)8-10 kg per tree

The fats and oils in

cashew nuts are 54%

monounsaturated fat

(18:1), 18%

polyunsaturated fat

(18:2), and 16% saturated

fat (9% palmitic acid(16:0) and 7% stearic acid

(18:0))

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RemarkCommertial

Part

Since 2005, products in the European Union must be labelled as potential allergens if they contain

mustard. Romans were probably the first to experiment with the preparation of mustard as a

condiment. an emulsifier that can stabilize a mixture of two or more unblendable liquids such as

oil and water. approximately five calories per teaspoon. high in are selenium and omega 3 fattyacid. pungency of mustard is always reduced by heating. unrefrigerated mustard can acquire a

bitter taste. in Europe, it is often marketed in metal, squeezable tubes. Yellow mustard and Spicy

brown or "deli style" are the most commonly used in the United States and Canada, Brown and

black mustard seeds return higher yields than their yellow counterparts. Canada is the largest

exporter of the mustard and rapeseed seeds and seed oil. major seed importing countries are

Japan and Mexico and US. countries like China, India, Canada, Japan, Mexico, US and European

Union that consume mustard and rapeseed oil cake extensively, The arrival of this crop in the

markets is in its peak period during March to May. The major centers of consumption of its oil are

Kolkata, Bihar, Jharkhand and the northeastern areas like Assam, Tripura, Sikkim etc.. India is an

exporter of mustard/rape oil cake and exports around 4 lakh tons of cake annually.

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cannot stand frost, continuous heavy rain or prolonged drought. The yield of the kharif crop is

poor, whereas those of the semi-rabi and summer crops are high, as they are grown in rich soils

and under better management. 70% of the world's sesame crop is grown in Asia. Africa growing26%. U.S. production - crop does not make up a significant global source; indeed imports have

now outstripped domestic production. The major trading center in India where sesame seed is

traded is the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. The major states where sesame seed oil is traded are

Tamil Nadu and Kerala. India exporters sesame around 5.4 lakh metric tons annually. 25% of the

total production is exported from India. In India the seeds are valued on the basis of their color.

The seeds having whitish color are considered to be of good quality and having high oil content

and the seeds of different color are considered to be of inferior quality.

China (725470 metric tons)

India (680000 metric tons)

Myanmar (550000 metric tons)

Sudan (300000 metric tons)

Uganda (110000 metric tons)

Nigeria (75000 metric tons)

Pakistan (68000 metric tons)

Ethiopia (65000 metric tons)

Bangladesh (50000 metric tons)

Central African Republic (42800 metric

tons)

Thailand (42000 metric tons)

Tanzania (41000 metric tons)

Egypt (37000 metric tons)

Guatemala (35049 metric tons)

Chad (35000 metric tons)

Paraguay (33300 metric tons)

Iran (28000 metric tons)

Senegal (24130 metric tons)

Turkey (23000 metric tons)

Mexico (22593 metric tons)

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protandrous- in which the male and female elements mature at different times, day nuteral palnt.

cross pollinated crop. deep root system. herbicides for weed control pendimethalin (STOMP

@2.51/ha), depresses the growth and productivity of succeeding crops due to Phytotoxic

compounds/ allelochemicals being secreted by sunflower crop. Spray pesticides when honey bee

activity is minimum i.e. early morning or late evening. do exhibit heliotropism (sun turning).sunflower is the state flower of the US state of Kansas, and one of the city flowers of Kitakysh,

Japan. sunflower is often used as a symbol of green ideology. sunflower is the national flower of

Peru, Russia, and Ukraine. International Sunflower Guerrilla Gardening Day is 1 May.

If the seed coat is cracked, the seed will not germinate. The scar, visible on the seed coat, is called

the hilum. good source of protein. 85% of the world's soybean crop is processed into soybean

meal and vegetable oil. Soybeans are the second-most valuable agricultural export in the United

States behind corn. United Soybean Board and Soyfoods Association of North America have

increased the consumption of soy products dramatically in recent years. Health benefits -Brain,

Omega-3 fatty acids, prevention of cancer, Cholesterol and heart diseases, minimizing diabetes,

reducing inflammation. fixing large amounts of atmospheric nitrogen through the root nodules.

(million metric tons) United States (80.5),

Brazil (59.9), Argentina (46.2), China

(15.5), India (9.0), Paraguay (6.8), Canada

(3.3), Bolivia (1.6), European Union (0.6) =

World Total (230.9)

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Commertial

Types

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Musterd

Special

characteristics

'Br. 23'

'Br.29'

'Br. 32'

'Br. 36'

'Br. 13'

'Br.40'

ITSA

improved

Sel. A

Faridcot

selection

Type 151

Type 10

Varuna

Raya 'RT-1,

Type 1

Type 42

Punjab Toria

Raya

Uttar Pradesh Yellow sarson

Raya 'Prakash'

Taramira 'T-27'

'Sangam'

Brown sarson 'BSH-1'

Yellow sarson 'YS Pb-24'

Bihar Toria

Rai

Haryana Toria

Brown sarson 'M-18'

'M-27'

State Name of crop variety

Assam Yellow sarson 'M-3'

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Safflower

Name of Duration in

the variety days

125

125

125

125

Tamil

Nadu

Andhra 'Manjira'

Pradesh C 438

Sunflower

MSFH8, PSFH-67,GKSFH-2002, Jwalamukhi, Mega-363 and

Cashew

BPP-1 : High percentage of perfect flower, 13.2%, fruit set

BPP-2 : Yield 19 kg/tree (25 years), shelling 26%, nuts 4g

BPP-3,4,5 : are also other good varieties.

Vengurla-1 : Average yield 23 kg/plant at 28 year's age, nutVengurla-2 : Yield 24 kg/plant at 20 year's age, nut weight

Vengurla-3 : Nut weight 9 g.

Vengurla-4,5, VRI-1,2, Ullal-1,2, Anakkayam-1, BLA 39-4,

K-22-1 and NDR 2-1 are good export varieties.

'K-1' 120

110

'NAG-7' 140

Tara 130

Madhya

Pradesh 'NO-7' 140

Maharashtra 'NO-62.8' 140

State

Karnataka 'A.I'

'A-300'

West-Bengal Toria 'B54'

Raya 'B-85'

'T-16'

'K-1'

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Maturity 105 days;oil

content 45 per cent

High Yielding, oil

content 45.6%Maturing in 103 days; oil

content 44.6%

Maturing in 110 days; oil

content 42 to 43%

Maturing in 110 days; oil

content 41.5%

Maturing in 110 days; Yields

1,600Kg/ha,oil content

44%

Maturing in 136 days;yield

1,200Kg/ha, oil content

46%


1,100Kg/ha, oil content

45%


2,000 Kg/ha (irrigated)

1,200 kg/ha(rainfed);

oil content 39%


800 Kg/ha, oil content

35%

Maturing in 105 days;

Resident to logging


Suitable formixed cropping


Boldseed, suitable forcropping mixedwith wheat


suitable for multivalved pods

Maturing in 125 days;suitable for eastern districts of U.P.


yielding potential upto 4 tonnes

per ha and oil content of 43.5% suitable for Assam,

Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh


suitable for redsoils

http://www.krishiworld.com/html/croppinghttp://www.krishiworld.com/html/cropping_pattern1.htmlhttp://www.krishiworld.com/html/soils1.htmlhttp://www.krishiworld.com/html/soils1.htmlhttp://www.krishiworld.com/html/cropping_pattern1.htmlhttp://www.krishiworld.com/html/cropping

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suitable for the eastern districts

A dwarf selection from YSM-1-a


yielding potential upto 4 tonnes

per ha and oil content of 43.5%


Oil content 44%

Maturing in 110 days;Oil content 42.5%

Yields 800-850kg/ha, oil content

30.80%


30.90%


30.30%

Yields 1,000-1,200 kg/ha,

oil content 30.%

Yields 1,000-1,200 kg/ha, oil content

30.00%

Yields 1,000-1,400 kg/ha, oil content

32.50%

Yields 600-800 kg/ha, oil content

30.50%

Yields 1200 kg/ha, oil content

32%

NSFH-592

igh, yield 17 kg (25 year old plant) per plant, shelling, 27.5% nuts of 5g average weight.

verage.

weight 6g, shelling 31%.g, shelling 32%.

-22-1, NDR 2-1.

Special characteristics

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