Critical study of Precession of Equinox according to Surya SiddhantaAbstractDr. Shyam Deo MishraAssist. Prof. & CoordinatorMukta-Swadhyay-Peetham Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan New Delhi - 58Siddhant work is an astronomical treatise which deals with the various measures of time ranging from a truti up to of a Kalpa which culminates in a deluge, planetary theory, mathematical computation, queries relating to intricate ideas and their answers, location of Earth, stars, and planets, and the description and the use of instruments. The allusions in the Indian astronomical literature point to a long list of Siddhanta texts. Surya Siddhanta is one amongst the 9 Siddhantas quoted by ShabdaKalpaDruma, an encyclopedia of Sanskrit literature.Surya Siddhanta gives the astronomical rules and not the explanatory process by which those rules were derived. The style of the work shows that it is an abridged form of some voluminous work where the entire process would have been given with all definitions and explorations. Brief mentioning of astronomical principals in this text gives the hints of some of the Indian concepts of astronomy and not the categorical view of astronomical theories held by the ancient Indian astronomers.Surya Siddhanta accurately observed the rate of annual precession of equinox, but the commentators could not understand the real sense of the verse (no. 9-12, TriprashnaaDhikaar), depending upon the wrong interpretation of E. Burgess which was based on the wrong translation of Colebrook. It started the series of wrong interpretation of this text since then. In fact, the actual rate of precession that is hinted in Surya Siddhanta is 50.09 seconds (Vikalaa) instead of 54 seconds which was deliberately misinterpreted by Burgess and others. In this regard, Siddhanta Shiromani clearly states that the point of intersection of equatorial plane and ecliptic has a negative motion of 30000 revolutions per Kalpa according to Surya Siddhanta, while Munjaals value of Ayanas motion is + 199669; and both must be added to get the final motion of the equinox, which ultimately gives rate of precession equivalent to 50.09 seconds per year or 25461 years per revolution.This research paper is an effort to provide the exact interpretation of the verses of Surya Siddhanta regarding the precession of equinox.