Buaya v. Polo, 169 SCRA 471 (1989)People v. Lagon, 185 SCRA 442 (1990)Palana v. People, 534 SCRA 296 (2007)Trenas v. People, G.R. No. 195002, January 25, 2012Uy v. C.A., 276 SCRA 367 (1997)Campanano, Jr. Vs. Datuin, 536 SCRA 471 (2007)People v. Taroy, G.R. #192466, Sept. 12, 2011People v. Gutierrez, 36 SCRA 172 (1970)People v. Pilotin, 65 SCRA 635 (1975)Mondiguing v. Abaci, G.R. No. 4131 3. November 6, 1975, 68 SCRA 14.People v. Sola, G.R. No. L-56158-64 March 17, 1981**Valdepenas v. People, 16 SCRA 871 (1966)Miranda v. Tuliao, 486 SCRA 377 +Figueroa v. People, 558 SCRA 63 (2008)Heirs of Honrales v. Honrales, 629 SCRA 423 (2010)Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines, Inc. V. People, 427 SCRA 456 (2004)Alonso, et al vs. Cebu Country Club, Inc., et al., G.R. No.Lacson v. Executive Secretary, 301 SCRA 298 (1999) +Magno v. People, 647 SCRA 362 (2011)People v. Mateo, 433 SCRA 640 (2004)People v. Abon, 545 SCRA 606 (2007)People v. Rocha, 531 SCRA 761 (2007)People v. Salome, 500 SCRA 659, Aug. 31, 2006Tabujara III vs. People, 570 SCRA 229 (2008)Magestrado vs. People, 527 SCRA 125 (2007)+Constantino v. Sandiganbayan, 533 SCRA 205 (2007)Villegas v. CA, 271 SCRA 148 (1997);People v. Ayochok, 629 SCRA 324 (2010)People v. Barro Sr., 338 SCRA 212 (2000);People v. Asis, 629 SCRA 250 (2010)Merciales v. C.A., 379 SCRA 345 (2002)**Mupas v. People, G.R. No. 189365, Oct. 12, 2011Bangayan v. Go-Bangayan, G.R. No. 172777/172792, Oct. 19, 2011Uy v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 105965-70. March 20, Fabian vs. Desierto, 295 SCRA 470, September 16, 1998Macalalag vs. Ombudsman, 424 SCRA 741 (2004)Office of the Ombudsman vs. Court of Appeals,Golangco vs. Fung, 504 SCRA 321 (2006)Perez vs. Office of the OmbudsmanOmbudsman vs. Heirs of Margarita Ventura, 605 SCRA 1(2009)Rodriguez v. Sandiganbayan, 424 SCRA 236 (2004)Bariaga v. Sandiganbayan, 457 SCRA 301 (2005)Organo v. Sandiganbayan, 320 SCRA 684 (1994)Inding v. Sandiganbayan, 434 SCRA 388 (2004)Lacson v. Executive Secretary, supraMagno v. People, supraIvler v. Mondest’o-San Pedro, 635 SCRA 191 (2010)People vs. Asis, 629 SCRA 250 (2010)People v. Velasco, 340 SCRA 207 (2000) **People v. Molina, G.R Nos. 141129-33, December 14, 2001;Ong vs. Genio, 609 SCRA 188, Dec. 23 2009Ramirez vs. Court of Appeals 71 SCRA 231 (1976)In Re: Writ of Habeas Corpus for Reynaldo de Villa

Stonehill v. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967);

What is the Moncado doctrine? That even if search and seizure is unconstitutional, it is still admissible in evidence. What is adopted here, abadoning the Moncado doctrine: exclusion of evidence unlawfully obtained.

Why is the exclusionary rule adopted? “It is the only practical means of enforcing the constitutional injunction against unreasonable search and seizure.” (Justice Learned Hand)

What is a fishing expedition indicative of? Absence of probable cause.

People v. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25 (2000)**

Why are the marijuana plants inadmissible in evidence, even though they are located in an unfenced lot? (1) Because no warrant was secured, even if they had an ample time of one day to secure it from a judge; (2) no showing of urgency/necessity for immediate seizure of marijuana plants; (3) that the cannabis plants were in an unfenced lot did not justify warrantless search and seizure.

Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967);

Whether the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution protects telephone conversations conducted in a phone booth and secretly recorded from introduction as evidence against a person? Yes.

What is the test for constitutional protection of “people, not places” against unreasonable search and seizure? (Accdg. to J. Harlan) The subjective and objective prongs of the reasonableness inquiry. First, that a person has exhibited an actual expectation of privacy and, second, that the expectation be one that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.

See: Polo v. David, G.R. No. 181881, October 18, 2011**

(Computer in government office search)

Why is this a reasonable search?-no actual subjective expectation of privacy-no separate enclosed office not shared with anyone-no claim about use of passwords or means to exclude other employees-normally has visitors in the public assistance office allowed to use the PC-there is office policy, “Computer Use Policy” (no expectation of privacy; waiver of privacy rights; use of passwords does not produce reasonable expectation; on-the-spot inspections may be done) equivalent to workplace privacy policy-the computer is government property-there is a letter prompting the investigation

People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991);

Does it matter whether evidence is procured by State agents or private individuals, for purposes of the exclusionary rule? Yes.-Bill of Rights does not govern relationships between individuals.-rule on unreasonable search and seizure cannot be extended to private individuals.-violations against it can only be invoked against the State.

Why is there no search in this case?-here, the private individual’s search was by virtue of standing operating procedure as precautionary measure; upon opening the box, he took samples to the NBI; entrusted cargo to NBI; the NBI made no search and seizure.-mere presence of NBI agent did not convert reasonable search of private individual into a warrantless search and seizure proscribed by the Constitution-merely to look/observe that which is in plain sight is not search-THERE IS NO TRESPASS by police officers

People v. Bongcarawan, 384 SCRA 525 (2002)

Why is there no search in this case?-the baggage was searched by the vessel security personnel, who found shabu.-after the search by personnel, he called Philippine Coast Guard.-It was carried out without government intervention.-the fact that vessel security officer is armed and tasked to maintain peace and order doesn’t render him a State agent. He does not discharge a government function to enforce the law.

Zulueta v. C.A., 253 SCRA 699 (1996)

Why are the documents and papers inadmissible between husband and wife?-marital privilege (must have consent before testifying against the other)

Villanueva v. Querubin, 48 SCRA 349 (1972);Guanzon v. De Villa, 181 SCRA 623 (1990);

May saturation drives be conducted without search warrants? Yes.

People v. Marti, supraKatz c. U.S., supraBurgos v. Chief of Staff 133 SCRA 800 (1984) Eb;People v. Valde, supraKyllo v. United States, 533 U.S 27 (2001) – Thermal Imaging deviceCalifornia v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S 207 (1986) –Aerial “naked eye” observationDow Chemicals v. U.S., 476 U.S 227 (1986) – Aerial search using deviceUnited States v. Place, 462 U.S 696 (1983) – Sniff Dog

Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S 293 (1966) “Plant”California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S 35 (1988) – Garbage searchWashington vs. Boland, 115 Wn.2d (1990); 800P.2d 1112People v. Canton, G.R No. 148825, December 277, 2002Gaanan vs. IAC, G.R. No. L-69809 October 16, 1986People v. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626 (1998)Manalili v. CA, 280 SRCA 400 (1997);Malaloan v. CA, 232 SCRA 249 (1994)**;People v. CA, 291 SCRA 400 (1998);PICOP v. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999); People v. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998); Microsoft Corporation v. Maxicorp, Inc., 438 SCRA (2004);People v. Aruta, G.R. No. 120915 April 3, 1998;Burgos v. Chief of Staff, supraIllinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 613 (1983); Stonehill v. Diokno, supraPeople v. Tuan, G.R. No. 176066. August 11, 2010Kho v. Makalintal, 306 SCRA 70Bache v. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971) (see Oscar Herrera’s digest p. 892)People v. Mamaril, 420 SCRA 662 (2004)Tan v. Sy Tiong Gue, 613 SCRA 98 (2010)Bache v. Ruiz, supraKho vs. Makalintal, supraPICOP v. Asuncion, supraPeople v. Tuan, G.R. No. 176066. August 11, 2010Roan v. Gonzales, 145 SCRA 687 (1984);Coca- Cola v. Gomez, 571 SCRA 18 (2008)Kho v. Makalintal, supra;Bache vs. Ruiz, supra;People v. Estrada, supraRoan vs. Gonzales, supraPICOP v. Asuncion, supraPeople v. C.A., supraBurgos vs. Chief of Staff, supraCalifornia v. Greenwood, supraWashington vs. Boland, supraPeople v. Umanito, G.R. #172607 Oct. 26, 2007People v. Umanito, G.R. #172607, April 16, 2009Bache v. Ruiz, supraMustang Lumber v. CA, 257 SCRA 430 (1996); (nevermind) People v. Estrada, supraPeople v. CA, supraPeople v. Molina G.R. No. 133917, February 19, 2001**People v. Aruta, G.R. No. 120915 April 3, 1998People v. Valdez, supraPeople v. Padilla, 269 SCRA 402 (1997);People v. Chua Ho San, 308 SCRA 432 (1999); People v. Binad Chua, G.R. Nos. 136066-67, February 4, 2003Office of the Court Administrator v. Barron, 297 SCRA 376 (1998);Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969); Nolasco v. Pano, 147 SCRA 509 (1987);Cf. Nolasco v. Pano, 139 SCRA 152 (1985);Posadas v. CA, 188 SCRA 288 (1990) People vs. Cuizon, 265 SCRA 325Malacat v. CA, 283 SCRA 159 (1997)**;

U.S. vs. Hill, 459 F.3d 966 (2006)U.S. vs. Ziegler, 474 F.3d 1184 (9th Cir., January 30, 2007Polo v. David, supraJournal Articles:U.S. vs. Finley, 477 F.3d 250State vs. Smith, 124 Ohio St. 3d 163 (2009)People v. Malasigul, 63 Phil. 221 (1936);Alvarez v. CFI, 64 Phil. 48 (1937);Schneckcloth v Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973)People vs. Cuizon, 265 SCRA 325Garcia v. Locsin, 65 Phil. 689 (1938);Roan v. Gonzales, supraPeople v. Agbot, 106 SCRA 325 (1981);Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S 1 (1968); Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993)Florida v. J. L., 529 U.S. 266 (2000)People v. Binad Chua, supraMalacat v. CA, supraEsquillo v. People, 629 SCRA 370 (2010)People v. Canton, G.R. No. 148825, Dec. 27, 2002, supraDelaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979); Michigan Dept. Of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325Caballes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136292, January 15, 2002;People v. Lacerna, 278 SCRA 561 (1997)People v. Solayao, 262 SCRA 255 (1996)People v. Malmstedt, 198 SCRA 401 (1991)People v. Encinada, G.R. No. 116720. October 2, 1997 Valmonte v. De Villa, 178 SCRA (1989); People vs. Vinecario, 420 SCRA 280 (2004);Aniag vs. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 424 (1994);People vs. Escano, 323 SCRA 754 (2000)People vs. Vinecario, 420 SCRA 280 (2004)Caroll v. US, 267 132 (1925); California V. Carney, 471 U.S. 386 (1985)Papa v. Mago, 22 SCRA 857 (1968);Caballes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136292, January 15, 2002;Asuncion v. CA, 302 SCRA 490 (1990); Roldan v. Arca, 65 SCRA 336 (1975); People v. Lo Ho Wing, 193 SCRA 122 (1990); +People v. Balingan, 241 SCRA 277 (1995); +Obra v. CA, 317 SCRA 594 (1999); +Harris v. US, 390 U.S. 234 (1966); +Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 472 (1971);Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987)Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 (1990)People v. Musa, 217 SCRA 597 (1993); +People v. Doria, 301 SCRA 668 (1999); +People v. Bolasa, 321 SCRA 459 (1999);People v. Evaristo, 216 SCRA 431 (1992);People v. Valdez, 341 SCRA 24 (2000);People v. Salanguit, 356 SCRA 683 (2001) +People v. Marti, supra + + People v. Bongcarawan, G.R. No. 143944, July 11, 2002State v. Von Bulow, 475 A. 2d 995 + (not yet printed)

See: Zulueta v C.A., 253 SCRA 699 (1996)People v. De Gracia, 233 SCRA 716 (1994);Bringham City v. Stuart, 126 S. Ct. 1943 (2006)Nardone v. U.S. 308 U.S. 338Wong Sun v. U.S. 371 U.S. 471 + +Nix vs. Williams, 467 U.S. 431People v. Gesmundo, 219 SCRA 743 (1993);People vs. Huang Zhen Hua, 439 SCRA 350 (2004)People v. Gesmundo, supraPeople v. Lacbanes, 270 SCRA 193 (1997);People v. Gesmundo, supraStonehill v. Diokno, supraBache v. Ruiz, supraRakes v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 (1978); +PICOP v. Asuncion, supraPeople vs. Lapitaje, 397 SCRA 674 (2003);Esquillo vs. People, G.R. No. 182010, August 25, 2010 (dissent of Bersamin)Uy Kheytin v. Villareal, 42 Phil. 89”2 (1920);Magoncia v. Palacio, 80 Phil. 170 (1948);Collector v. Villaluz, 71 SCRA 356 (1976);Mata v. Bayona, 128 SCRA 388 (1984);Rev. Pen. Code, Arts. 128, 129, 130, 206;MHP Garments v. CA, 236 SCRA 227 (1994);Galvante v. Casimiro, G.R. No. 162808, April 22, 2008

Sanchez v. Demetriou, 227 SCRA 627 (1993);People v. Sequino, 264 SCRA 79 (1996);Defensor- Santiago v. Vasquez, 217 SCRA 663 (1993);Ong vs. Genio, 609 SCRA 188, Dec. 23, 2009People v. Grey, 625 SCRA 523 (2010)Allado v. Diokno, 232 SCRA 192 (1994);Placer v. Villanueva, 126 SCRA 463 (1983);People v. Inting, 187 SCRA 788 (1990);Cojuangco v. Sandiganbayan, 300 SCRA 367 (1998);Soliven v. Makasiar, +Lim v. Felix, 194 SCRA 292 (1991);Pangandaman v. Casar, 159 SCRA 599 (1988);People v. Court of Appeals, 301 SCRA 475 (1999);Roberts v. C.A. 254 SCRA 307Webb vs. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 +Ho vs. People, 280 SCRA 285 (1997)Okabe vs. Gutierrez, 429 SCRA 685 (2004)AAA vs. Carbonell, 524 SCRA 496 (2007) +Tabujara III vs. People, 570 SCRA 229 (2008) +Gutierrez v. Hernandez, A.M. No. MTJ-06-1628, June 8, 2007, +People v. Lumayok, 139 SCRA 1 (1985);People v. Albior, 163 SCRA 332 (1988);People vs. Huang Zhen Hua, G.R. No. 139301, September 29, 2004People v. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1 (1985); +Umil v. Ramos, 187 SCRA 311 (1990) +Umil v. Ramos, 202 SCRA 251 (1991) +Go vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 138 (1992) +Larranaga v. C.A., 287 SCRA 581 (1998); +People v. Tudtud, 412 SCRA 142 (2003);People v. Molina, G.R. No. 133917, February 19, 2001** +People v. Chua, 396 SCRA 657 (2003);People v. Mendez, G.R. No. 147671, November 21, 2002;People v. Doria, 301 SCRA 668 (1999) +Cadua v. CA, 312 SCRA 703 (1999);People v. Montilla, 285 SCRA 703 (1998);People v. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1 (1986);People v. Jayson, 282 SCRA 166 (1997);Terry v. Ohio 392 U.S. 1 (1968); +Padilla v. C.A. 269 SCRA 402 (1997)People v. Racho, 626 SCRA 633 (2010) +People v. Mahinay, 302 SCRA 455 (1999)People v. Valdez, 304 SCRA 140 (1999);People v. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1 (1985);People v. Veloso, 48 Phil. 169;Pangandaman v. Casar, 159 SCRA 599 (1988);Wisconsin v. Davis, Wisconsin C.A. District 1,3/8/05 davis. PDF.]Babst, et al. v. NIB, 132 SCRA 316 (1984);People v. Sequiῆo, 264 SCRA 79 (1996);People v. Del Rosario, 305 SCRA 740 (1999)People v. Pasudag, G.R. No. 128822, May 4, 2001;People v. Zuela, 323 SCRA 589 (2000);People v. Abe Valdez, G.R. No. 129296, September 25, 2000, 341 SCRA 25;People v. Rodriguez, 341 SCRA 645 (2000);People v. Del Rosario, 305 SCRA 740 (1999);Cf. Babst v. NIB, 132 SCRA 31 (1984)

People v. Muleta, 309 SCRA 148 (1999);People v. Tan, 286 SCRA 207 (1998);Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966);People v. Obrero, 332 SCRA 190 (2000);People v. Duero, 104 SCRA 379 (1981);People v. Obrero, 332 SCRA 190 (2000);People v. Mojello, G.R. No. 145566, March 9, 2004 **Harris v. New York, 401 U.S. 222 (1971);New York v. Quarles, 104 S. Ct. 2626 (1984);People v. Duero, 104 SCRA 379 (1981);People v. Figueroa, 335 SCRA 299 (2000);Gumabon v. Director of Prisons, 37 SCRA 429 (1971);People v. Galit, 135 SCRA 465 (1985);People v. Continente, 339 SCRA 1 (2000);People v. Caguioa, 141 SCRA 289 (1980);Cf. People v. Bacor, 306 SCRA 522 (1999)People v. Quidato Jr., 297 SCRA 1 (1998);People v. Obrero, 332 SCRA 190 (2000);People v. Labtan, 320 SCRA 140 (1999);People v. Samulde, 336 SCRA 632 (2000);People v. Gallardo, 323 SCRA 218 (2000);People v. Canoy”, 328 SCRA 385 (2000);People v. Sapal, 328 SCRA 417 (2000);People v. Jara, 144 SCRA 517 (1986);People v. Nicandro, 141 SCRA 289 (1986)People v. Continente, 339 SCRA 1 (2000);Gamboa v. Cruz, June 27, 1988;United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218 (1967);People v. Pavillare, 329 SCRA 684 (2000);People v. Jara, 144 SCRA 516 (1986);People v. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1 (1986);People v. Andan, 269 SCRA 95 (1997);People v. Domantay, 307 SCRA 1 (1999);But cf. People v. Morada, 307 SCRA 362 (1999);People v. Ramos, 186 SCRA 184 (1990);People v. Galit, 135 SCRA 465 (1985);People v. Nicandro, 141 SCRA 289 (1986);People v. Decierdo, 149 SCRA 496 (1987);Cf.- Talag vs. Reyes, 430 SCRA 428 (2004)De Joya vs. Marquez, 481 SCRA 376 (2006)Miranda vs. Tuliao, 486 SCRA 377 (2006)Luna v. Plaza, 26 SCRA 310 (1968);Alimpoos v. CA, 106 SCRA 159 (1981);Panada v. Veneracion, 269 SCRA 371 (1997);Sec. of National Defense v. Manalo, G.R. No. 180906, Oct. 7, 2008Ilagan v. Enrile, 139 SCRA 349 ( 1985);Velasco v. CA, 245 SCRA 677 (1995)Moncupa v. Enrile, 141 SCRA 233 (1986);Navla v. Pardico, G.R. No. 184467, June 19, 2012**Rubrico vs. Macapagal- Arroyo, 613 SCRA 233 (2010)Yano vs. Sanchez, 612 SCRA 347 (2010)Razon, Jr. Vs. Tagitis, 612 SCRA 685 (2010)People v. Alojado, 305 SCRA 236 (1999);People v. Rondero, 320 SCRA 383 (1999);People vs. Racho, 626 SCRA 633 (2010)

Umil v. Ramos, 187 SCRA 311 (1990)Umil v. Ramos, 202 SCRA 251 (1991);Bagcal v. Villaraza, 120 SCRA 525 (1983);Brown v. Illinois, 422 U.S. 590 (1975);Sayo v. Chief of Police, 80 Phil. 859 (1948);

Feliciano v. Pasciolan, 2 SCRA 888 (1961) (EB)Villaseῆor v. Abaῆo, G.R. No. L-23599, September 29, 1967 (EB)Defensor-Santiago v. Vasquez, 217 SCRA 663 (1993);Miranda v. Tuliao, 486 SCRA 377 (2006)Cortes v. Catral, 279 SCRA 1 (1997);People v. Manallo, 400 SCRA 129 (2003);People v. Nitcha, 240 SCRA 283 (1995)People v. Donato, 198 SCRA 130 (1991);Lavides v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 129670, Feburary 1, 2000;Serapio v. Sandiganbayan, 396 SCRA 443 (2003);Teehankee v. Director of Prisons, 76 Phil. 756 (1946);People v. San Diego, 26 SCRA 522 (1988);Ocampo v. Bernabe, 77 Phil. 55 (1946);Siazon v. Judge, 4 SCRA 184 (1971);Mamolo v. Narisima, 252 SCRA 613 (1995);Cortes v. Catral, 279 SCRA 1 (1997);People v. Tuppal, 395 SCRA 72 (2003);Enrile v. Perez, G.R. No. 147785 (resolution of the Supreme Court En banc dated May 5, Dela Camara v. Enage, 41 SCRA 1 (1971);Villaseῆor v. Abaῆo, 21 SCRA 321 (1967);Leviste vs C.A., G.R. No. 189122. March 17, 2010

Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, 322 SCRA 160 (2000)Socrates v. Sandiganbayan, 253 SCRA 773 (1996)People v. Lagon, 185 SCRA 442 (1990)Malaloan v. CA, 232 SCRA 249 (1994)People v. Pardilla, 92 SCRA 591 (1979) **Malto v. People, 553 SCRA 643, September 21, 2007Lazarte, Jr. vs. Sandiganbayan, 581 SCRA 431 (2009) **People v. Valdez, 663 SCRA 272 (Jan. 2012)People v. Berialies, 76 SCRA 42 (1977)Republic v. Sunga, 162 SCRA 191 (1988)People v. Ocapan, 150 SCRA 607 (1987)People v. Ilarde, 125 SCRA 607 (1987)People v. Madali, 349 SCRA 104 (2001)Roberts v CA, 254 SCRA 307 (1996)People v. Guevarra, 179 SCRA 740 (1989)People v. Galigao, G.R. Nos. 140961-63, January 14, 2003People v. Pardilla, supra **People v. Purisima, 86 SCRA 542 (1978)People v. Buayaban, 400 SCRA 48 (2003)People v. Delim, G.R. No. 142773, January 28, 2003**People v. Fernandez, 414 SCRA 84 (2003)People v. Masapol, 417 SCRA 371 (2003)Patula v. People, G.R. No. 164457, April 11, 2012People v. Valdez, 663 SCRA 272 (Jan. 2012) supraPeople v. Degamo, 402 SCRA 133 (2003);Villaflor v. Viver, 349 SCRA 194 (2001);People v. Fernandez, 183 SCRA 511 (1990);People v. Lopez, 312 SCRA 684 (1999);People v. Chan Toco, 12 Phil. 262 (1908);Balitaan v. CFI- Batangas, 115 SCRA 729 (1982);Matilde v. Jabson, 68 SCRA 456 (1975);People v. Gallo, G.R. No. 124736, resolution dated September 29, Vasquez v. CA, 314 SCRA SCRA 460 (1999);People v. Llanto, G.R. No. 146458, January 20, 2003;Socrates v. Sandiganbayan, supra;People v. Lizada, G.R. Nos. 143468-71, January 24, 2003;People v. Ladrillo, 320 SCRA 61 (1999);People v. Losano, G.R. No. 127122, July 20, 1999;U.S. v. Javier Dichao, 27 Phil. 421 (1914);People v. Molero, 144 SCRA 397 (1986);People v. Lualhati, 171 SCRA 277 (1989);Rocaberte v. People, 193 SCRA 152 (1991);People v. Perez, 417 SCRA 449 (2003);People v. Consing Jr., 395 SCRA 366 (2003);Magestrado v. People, 527 SCRA 125 (2007)Trinidad v. Office of the Ombudsman, 539 SCRA 415 (2007)**People vs. Bayotas, 236 SCRA 239, G.R. No. 102007, September 2, 1994**Manantan v. CA, 350 SCRA 387 (2001)Dreamwork Construction, Inc., Vs. Janiola, 591 SCRA 466 (2009)Teehankee v. Madayag, 140 SCRA 425 (1985)**;Draculan v. Donato, 140 SCRA 425 (1985);Almeda v. Villaluz, 66 SCRA 38 (1975);People v. CA, 121 SCRA 733 (1983);People v. Tubongbanua, 500 SCRA 727 (2006)Matalan v.Sandiganbayan, 455 SCRA 736 (2005)

Cruz v. CA, 194 SCRA 145 (1991);

Sales v. Sandiganbayan, 369 SCRA 293 (2001)Baytan v. COMELEC, 396 SCRA 703 (2003);Paderanga v. Drilon, 196 SCRA 86(1991);Go vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 138 (1992)Allado v. Diokno, 232 SCRA 192 (1994)Doromal V. Sandiganbayan, 177 SCRA 354 (1989);Go vs. Court of Appeals, supraWebb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 (1995);Velasco v. Casaclang, 294 SCRA 396 (1998);Balgos v. Sandiganbayan, 176 SCRA 287 (1989);Alonzo vs. Concepcion, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1879. January 17, 2005Rodil v. Garcia, 104 SCRA 362 (1981);Allado v. Diokno, 232 SCRA 192 (1994);See: Ombudsman & DOJ MOA, April 19, 2012Leviste vs. Alameda, 626 SCRA 575 (2010)Dimatullac v. Villon, 297 SCRA 679 (1998);Ty v. NBI, 638 SCRA 671 (2010)Roberts v. CA, 254 SCRA 307 (1996);Dungog v. CA, 159 SCRA 145 (1988);Velasquez v. Undersecretary of Justice, 182 SCRA 388 (1990);People v. Beriales, 70 SCRA 361 (1976);Doromal v. Sandiganbayan, supraLeviste vs. Almeda, supraCrespo v. Mogul, 151 SCRA 462 (1987);Go vs. Courts of Appeals, 206 SCRA 138 (1992)Socrates v. Sandiganbayan, 253 SCRA 773 (1996);Sales v. Sandiganbayan, supraPrimicias v. Pangasinan, 93 SCRA 462 (1979);Guingona Jr. v. City Fiscal, 137 SCRA 597 (1985);Paderanga v. Drilon, supra;People vs. Grey, 625 SCRA 523 (2010)Brocka v. Enrile, 192 SCRA 183 (1990)Ty v. NBI, supraGo v CA, 206 SCRA 138 (1992);Larranaga v. CA, 287 SCRA 581 (1998);