Assignmenton

Chronological Development of Criminology

Submitted ByName: Registration no. Shahera Sultana CP05005Md. Rokon Uddin CP05019Muzahidul Islam CP05027Ruzina Akter CP05033Abdullah al Mamun CP05040

3rd year 1st semesterSession: 2004-05 Dept. of Criminology and Police ScienceMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University.

Submitted To Md. Omar FarukLecturer,Dept. of Criminology and Police ScienceMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University.

Department of Criminology and Police ScienceMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University

Santosh, Tangail.

Chronological development of Criminology: from ancient to 19th centuryCriminological schools/trends

Theorists 5,000 BC-1692 AD

3500 BC-1630 AD

13th century-present

1700-1850 1851- 1900

Demonology Ancient Hebrews, Egyptians, Greeks, & Romans

Demonic Influence

Astrology Ancient astrologers

Zodiac/Planetary Influence

Theology Spiritual leaders God's will

Pre-classical school

Hidden trial, arbitrary & harsh punishment

Classical school Beccaria (1764)Bentham

Rational calculation of pleasure & pain

Neo-classical school

Prof. Gillin Considering age, gender, mental condition in inflicting punishment

From 1876 to presentSchools of

thoughtThinkers 1876-1895 1896-1915 1916-1935 1936-1955 1956-1975 1976-1995 1996-

present

Biological positivism

Lombroso(1876) Atavism

Garofalo (1885) Focused on ‘psychic anomaly'

Ferri (1917) Coined the term ‘born criminal’

Goring(1919) Used statistico-mathematical method

Hooton(1939) Biological inferiority

Sheldon(1940) Mesomorphic physique

Psychological school

William Healy (1915)

Emotional disturbance

Fraud (1915) Instinct or undeveloped ego

Adler(1932) Inferiority complex

Abrahamsen (1952)

Explained crime in terms of individual’s resistance to tendencies

Geographic school

Dexter,Quetlet(1904)

Factors like climate, temperature, humidity, etc.

Chicago school of

criminology

Robert Park(1914)

Theory of human ecology

Ernest Burgess(1928)

Concentric zone theory

Shaw & Mckay Social disorganization

Functionalism Durkheim( Anomie

Structural

Merton(1938) Anomie/strain theory

Sutherland(1939) Differential association

Cohen(1955) Status frustration

criminology Cloward & Ohlin(1960)

Illegitimate opportunity theory

Matza & Sykes(1970)

Techniques of neutralization

Schools of thought

Thinkers 1875-1895 1896-1915 1916-1935 1936-1955 1956-1975 1976-1995 1996- present

Interactionism

Charles Cooly (1909)

Looking-glass self theory

William Thomas (1923)

Definition of situation

Erving Goffman (1959, 63)

Concept of stigma & social identity

Howard Becker (1963,64)

deviant career & labeling

Lemert (1967) primary & secondary deviance

Conflict criminology

Thorsten Sellin(1938)

Primary & secondary cultural conflict

Vold Group conflict theory

Austin Turk (1969)

Theory of criminalization

Quinney(1970) Theory of ‘social reality of crime’

Control theories

Walter Reckless (1967)

Containment theory

Hirschi (1969) Social bonding theory

Gottfredson (1990)

Self-control theory

Marxist criminology

Karl Marx Economic structure causes crime; alienation

Bonger (1916) Crime is caused for capitalism

Critical criminology

Feminists: Freda Adler (1975)

Female victimization lie on the institution of Patriarchy

Radical criminology

Based on Marxist theory of class struggle

Postmodernism 1980s

Knowledge & language create hierarchy and domination

Peacemaking criminology

Mixture of anarchism, humanism, socialism

Solutions of crime through mutual dependence

Left-realism Jock Young (1997)

Relative deprivation causes crime

From primitive to 1850Criminological schools/trends

Theorists 1215-p 1630 1692 1800

Demonology Ancient Hebrews, Egyptians, Greeks, & Romans

Demonic Influence

Astrology Zodiac/Planetary Influence

Theology Spiritual leaders God's will

Shadow criminology

Legal commentary, plays, poems, literary, sagas

Speculation to make sense about good & bad

Pre-classical schoolClassical school Beccaria 1764

Bentham Rational calculation of pleasure & pain

Neo-classical school

Prof. Gillin Considering age, gender, mental condition in punishment

Biological positivism

Lombroso 1876Ferri1897Goring1919Hooton1939Sheldon1940

Psychiatry William1919Healy

Psychoanalysis FraudAdler1932Abrahamsen 1952

Geographical DexterQuetlet

Chicago school Robert Park1914Ernest Burgess1928Shaw & Mckay

Functionalism DurkheimStructural criminology

Merton1938Sutherland1939Cloward & Ohlin1960Cohen1955Matza & Sykes1970

Interactionism Charles Cooly1909William Thomas 1923Herbert Blumer1969Erving Goffman1959, 63Howard Becker1963,4

Conflict Thorsten Sellin1938

Marxist Marx FeministPostmodernismRadical criminologyLeft-realismPeacemaking criminology

From 1850 – 1950 1850-65

1866-80

1881-1895 1896-1910

1911-25 1926-40 1941- 55

1956-70

1971- 85

1986- 2000

Lombroso(1876) atavism

Garofalo (1885) focused on ‘psychic anomaly'

Ferri (1917) coined the term ‘born criminal’

Goring(1919) Used statistico-mathematical method

Hooton1939 Biological inferiority

Sheldon1940 Mesomorphic physique

William1919HealyFraudAdler1932Abrahamsen 1952DexterQuetletRobert Park1914Ernest Burgess1928Shaw & MckayDurkheimMerton1938Sutherland1939Cloward & Ohlin1960Cohen1955Matza & Sykes1970Charles Cooly1909

William Thomas 1923Herbert Blumer1969Erving Goffman1959, 63Howard Becker1963,4Thorsten Sellin1938Marx

1850-65 1866-80 1881-1895

1896-1910 1911-25 1926-40 1941- 55 1956-70 1971- 85 1986- 2000 2000- present

Lombroso(1876)Garofalo (1885)Ferri (1917)Goring(1919)Hooton1939Sheldon1940William1919HealyFraud

Adler1932

Abrahamsen 1952Dexter,Quetlet(1904)

Geographic factors like climate,

temperature, humidity.

Robert Park1914 Theory of human ecology

Ernest Burgess1928 Concentric zone theory

Shaw & Mckay Social disorganization theory

Durkheim Anomie; collective conscience; organic & mechanical solidarity

Merton1938 Anomie theory

Sutherland1939 Differential association theory

Cohen1955 Status frustation theory

Cloward & Ohlin1960

Illegitimate opportunity theory

Matza & Sykes1970 Techniques of neutralization

Charles Cooly1909 Looking-glass self theory

William Thomas 1923

Definition of situation

Herbert Blumer1969Erving Goffman1959, 63

Concept of stigma & social identity

Howard Becker1963,4

Concept of deviant career & labeling

Lemert 1967 Concept of primary & secondary deviance

Thorsten Sellin1938 Primary & secondary cultural conflict

VoldAustin Turk1969 Theory of

criminalizationQuinney1970 Theory of ‘social

reality of crime’MarxBonger1916 Crime is

caused for capitalism

Jock Young1997 Relative deprivation causes crime

Mixture of anarchism, humanism, socialism

Solutions of crime are mutual dedendence, reduction of class structure, creation of universal social justice

Postmodernism Knowledge & language create hierarchy and domination

Feminist1975 Female victimization lie on the institution of Patriarchy

Radical criminologyLeft-realismPeacemaking criminology

From 1950 – present