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Crime
Crime
Crime
What are the principle types of crime in the United States?
What are the characteristics of the American criminal justice system?
Crime
Any act that is labeled as such by an authority
Prohibited by law Punishable by the governmentEx. Robbing a bank vs. swimmer
watching someone drown?Ex. Good Samaritan Law
Crime
Who commits crimes? Sex: men more likely than women Race: Afr. Am. 12% of population but
account for 30% of arrests(no causal link betw/ race and crime) Age: half of arrests involve people 25
and below
Crime Statistics
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) published by FBI
Major source of crime data Compiled using local police dept.
statistics Good source but is limitedWhy?
Crime Statistics Does not reflect all complaints/police
officer discretion Individuals less likely to report crimes
if family/friends are involved Police tend to file reports on serious
crimes when higher social classes victims) are involved
Police more likely to file when person making complaint is respectful/compliant
Crime Statistics
2000 US Census:Safest US Cities –in Southwest and along
Pacific CoastLowest Homicide Rates-El Paso,TX;
Austin,TX; San Jose, CA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-3vQ2ouOuM
Types of Crime
UCR 29 classifications pg.188 Grouped into 5 categories:Violent crimeCrimes against propertyVictimless crimesWhite collar crimeOrganized crime
Violent crimeViolent crime
Murder, forcible rape, robbery, Murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assaultaggravated assault
UCR…Every 22 seconds in the US, UCR…Every 22 seconds in the US, violent crime is committedviolent crime is committed
Most victims tend to be Afr. AmMost victims tend to be Afr. Am 18-24 yr old Afr. Am are victimization 18-24 yr old Afr. Am are victimization
rate of 8 of AA women, white men, rate of 8 of AA women, white men, and 30 times of white womenand 30 times of white women
Violent crimesViolent crimes
Committed with guns and other Committed with guns and other weaponsweapons
65% of all murders committed 65% of all murders committed w/guns w/guns
Rate of handgun used in homicides is Rate of handgun used in homicides is higher in US than in any other higher in US than in any other countrycountry
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQo-orO8UHU-orO8UHU
White Collar CrimeWhite Collar Crime
Offenses committed by individuals of Offenses committed by individuals of high social status in their high social status in their professional livesprofessional lives
EX. Michael Milken, Martha StewartEX. Michael Milken, Martha Stewart
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twRhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twRLyD2MU1gLyD2MU1g
Crime against PropertyCrime against Property
BurglaryBurglary Larceny (theft other than auto)Larceny (theft other than auto) Motor vehicle theftMotor vehicle theft ArsonArson Committed every 3 secs in the USCommitted every 3 secs in the US Crime rate connected to changes in Crime rate connected to changes in
population…butpopulation…but
1980’s/1990’s increase due to illegal drug 1980’s/1990’s increase due to illegal drug useuse
Victimless CrimeVictimless Crime
ProstitutionProstitution GamblingGambling Illegal drug useIllegal drug use VagrancyVagrancy
Offenders may not suffer, what are the Offenders may not suffer, what are the consequences for society?consequences for society?
Organized CrimeOrganized CrimeCriminal syndicate:Criminal syndicate: A large scale organization of A large scale organization of
professional criminals controlling professional criminals controlling some vice or business through some vice or business through violence or threat of violenceviolence or threat of violence
Huge $$$ unfair labor practices, drug Huge $$$ unfair labor practices, drug trafficking, illegal gambling, loan trafficking, illegal gambling, loan sharkingsharking
Organized crimeOrganized crime
http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=6Pq99skwBmM=6Pq99skwBmM
Criminal justice systemCriminal justice system
PolicePolice CourtsCourts CorrectionsCorrections (Juvenile justice system)(Juvenile justice system)
PolicePolice
Police discretion- considerable Police discretion- considerable power to determine who gets power to determine who gets arrestedarrested
5 Factors considered in arrest:5 Factors considered in arrest:
5 Factors5 Factors
1.1. SeriousnessSeriousness
2.2. Victim’s wishesVictim’s wishes
3.3. Attitude of suspectAttitude of suspect
4.4. Witnesses or bystandersWitnesses or bystanders
5.5. Race- more likely to arrest/use force Race- more likely to arrest/use force w/African Americans (racial w/African Americans (racial profiling) profiling)
*what about after 9/11, or Hispanics?*what about after 9/11, or Hispanics?
PolicePolice
Racial Profiling- practice of assuming that Racial Profiling- practice of assuming that non white Americans more likely to non white Americans more likely to commit crimes than white Americanscommit crimes than white Americans
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKaiNMOhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKaiNMOkpnAkpnA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YR6j3Skphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YR6j3Skpuxkuxk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YR6j3Skphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YR6j3Skpuxkuxk
CourtsCourts
PurposePurpose
1.1. Determines the guilt or innocence Determines the guilt or innocence of an accused person by means of of an accused person by means of trialtrial
2.2. Assigns punishmentAssigns punishment
CourtsCourts
90% Plea Bargained90% Plea Bargained
(legal negotiations for accused: lesser (legal negotiations for accused: lesser charge/lighter sentence)charge/lighter sentence)
Reduces volume of case Reduces volume of case loads/expensive trialsloads/expensive trials
CorrectionsCorrections
Imprisonment, parole, probation, Imprisonment, parole, probation, community service, finescommunity service, fines
4 functions 4 functions
CorrectionsCorrections
1.1. RetributionRetribution-revenge for -revenge for victim/societyvictim/society
2.2. DeterrenceDeterrence-discourage-discourage
3.3. RehabilitationRehabilitation-reform and return-reform and return
4.4. Social protection-Social protection- limiting their limiting their freedom/eliminating threatfreedom/eliminating threat
CorrectionsCorrections
Effectiveness determined by Effectiveness determined by recidivism (repeated criminal recidivism (repeated criminal behavior)behavior)
62% charged w/new crimes62% charged w/new crimes 41% will return to prison w/in 3 years41% will return to prison w/in 3 years
What do you think the goals of criminal What do you think the goals of criminal punishment should be?punishment should be?
Juvenile JusticeJuvenile Justice
33rdrd largest category largest category 18 and under18 and under Before 1960 had fewer rights and not Before 1960 had fewer rights and not
protectedprotected