Crime psychology and statistics

Crime is an act which is deemed as unlawful as per a countrys constitution. With the development of our mind, our conscience also developed which established intuition to protect our harmony from the ones who seek differently. It is just a matter of majority deemed as ethical who seek a liability of a social demeanour by a society by which they can have harmony and peace. Those commit crime, who are defiant and in carnage their needs differently. People would generally adopt this convention which dictates their social demeanour but still there are few outlaws, that is they defy these conventions. An individual may adopt methods discarded by society if the pros of the crime outdo the cons. Although it should not be so simple, Anthropologists have defined a numerous theories to understand the psychology of a criminal, this is called criminology. Few of some famous theories are labelling theory, Strain theory, Social control theory these may go under different names in different contexts. An individual may not be able to make a rational choice because of different reasons like they had failure, jealousy, hold grudges, indifferent experiences in life, society deemed him before his sins as a sinner etc.As a society we would like to maintain order and there is increase in these misconduct of codes. Nations with the most reported number of crimes are United States of America with 12,408,899 cases, Germany had 2,112,843, France reported 1,172,547and Russian Federation 1,041,340 cases these number can be misleading saying that US has 317,831,000 citizens the third highest population by a country in the world compared Germanys 80,716,000 who is 16th in the tally, so we use different quantities to rate a countrys safety. A crime rate is defined as number of crime committed per the number of people living in area under seize in an interval of time, usually per 1000 people in an interval of 1 year. The countries with highest crime index are Afghanistan with a crime index of 82.51, Venezuela with 81.50. Some other countries are US with 50.15, Russia 52.67, Australia 41.23 and India with 43.70. Countries with lower crime index are Switzerland 31.79, Japan 18.10, South Korea 16.35 and Malta with crime index of 14.17. Another measure is homicide rate, India has a homicide rate of 3.5, while in this crime the list is topped by the African, Caribbean and central American countries like Honduras with 61.3, Jamaica with 59.5 and Cote dIvoire with 56.9.The crime in India has shown a mixed evolvement of crime pattern over last few decades, genres of crimes like that burglary declined over a period of 53 years by 79.84% from 147,379, a rate of 39.3/100,000 in 1953 to 91,666, a rate of 7.9/100,000 in 2006, murder has increased by 7.39% from 9,803, a rate of 2.61 in 1953 to 32,481, a rate of 2.81/100,000 in 2006. Kidnapping has increased by 47.80% from 5,261, a rate of 1.40/100,000 in 1953 to 23,991, a rate of 2.07/100,000 in 2006, robbery has declined by 28.85% from 8,407, rate of 2.24/100,000 in 1953 to 18,456, rate of 18,456 in 2006 and riots have declined by 10.58% from 20,529, a rate of 5.47/100,000 in 1953 to 56,641, a rate of 4.90/100,000 in 2006.In 2006, 5,102,460 cognisable crimes were committed including 1,878,293 Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes and 3,224,167 Special and Local Laws (SLL) crimes, with an increase of 1.5% over 2005 (50,26,337). IPC crime rate in 2006 was 167.7 compared to 165.3 in 2005 showing an increase of 1.5% in 2006 over 2005. SLL crime rate in 2006 was 287.9 compared to 290.5 in 2005 showing a decline of 0.9% in 2006 over 2005.Vague crimes in India are still practised as a repercussion of poor law enforcement. The most common crimes are rape, dowry Female infanticides and sex selective abortions, domestic violence, Illegal drug trade etc. The latest cult being the scams, there are over 200 scam cases registered in India. The most notorious scam being 2G spectrum scam in November 2008 reported nearly a scam of 176,000 crore rupees. Some other scams are CWG scam in August 2010 worth 8,000 crore rupees, IPL scam a 1,200 crore rupees scam. To sum up there has been scam of about 9,106,032 crore rupees. Analysing the crimes territory wise the hot zones are megacities, UP and Bihar. In 2006, the highest crime rate was reported in Pondicherry had 447.7% for crimes under Indian Penal Code which is 2.7 times the national crime rate of 167.7%. Kerala reported the highest crime rate at 312.5% among states. Kolkata with 71.0% and Madurai with 206.2% were the only two mega cities which reported less crime rate than their domain states West Bengal with 79.0% and Tamil Nadu with 227.6%. Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore have accounted for 16.2%, 9.5% and 8.1% respectively of the total IPC crimes reported from 35 mega cities. Indore reported the highest crime rate of 769.1% among the mega cities in India followed by Bhopal 719.5% and Jaipur 597.1%. To say the least the circumstances calls for desperate action against these crimes.Indian Criminal Laws are divided into three major acts i.e. Indian Penal Code, 1860, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Besides these major acts, special Criminal Laws are also passed by Indian Parliament i.e. NDPS, Prevention of Corruption Act, Food Adulteration Act, Dowry Prevention Act, Commission of Sati Act etc. thousands of minor laws are made in India.

Bibliography Times of India Wikipedia Economic Times