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Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments of Mind and Brain Amsterdam: Elsevier http://cogprints.org/1627/

Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

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Page 1: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Creativity:Method or Magic?

Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic?

In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments of Mind and Brain Amsterdam: Elsevier

http://cogprints.org/1627/

Page 2: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

What is creativity?

A trait?

A state?

An outcome?

How? rules? training?

Page 3: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Lightning bolts(happy accidents?)

Page 4: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Objective Tests?

Page 5: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

What’s new?

OriginalityNoveltyInnovation

Chimera

Page 6: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Value

Page 7: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Artistic creativity vs. Intellectual creativity

Practical criteriaAesthetic criteria

Page 8: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Algorithms and the unexpected

Page 9: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Dans les champs de l'observation le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés

(Chance favors the prepared mind)

Serendipity and Pasteurization

Page 10: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Training?

Pòlya

Page 11: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Uncreative?

Problem solvingDeductionInductionLearningImitationTrial-and-errorHeuristicsAbduction

Page 12: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

13 “Theories” of creativitymethod, memory, magic, mutation

The Unconscious mindInnate structure (abduction)Analogy (imitation)Preparation (learning)ImitationIntuition, aesthetic factors

AnomaliesConstraints (Stravinsky)Serendipity (game of chance)Mental analogsHeuristic stratgeiesImprovisation (performance, interpretation)Complementarity (collaboration, cumulativity

Stravinsky

Koestler

Lakatos

Polànyi

Csikszentmihalyi

Page 13: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Trait or state?

Page 14: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Combinatory game of chance?

J. Hadamard

Page 15: Creativity: Method or Magic? Harnad, Stevan (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? In: H. Cohen and B. Stemmer (eds.) Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments

Dans les champs de l'observation le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés

(Chance favors the prepared mind)

Serendipity and Pasteurization