Creating Green Jobs within the Environment and Culture sector.

Matilda Skosana

Environmental Programmes

1. DEFINITION OF GREEN JOB.

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(ILO Definition): Jobs are green when they help reduce negative environmental impact ultimately leading to environmentally, economically and socially sustainable enterprises and economies. More precisely green jobs are decent jobs that: • Improve energy and raw materials efficiency • Limit greenhouse gas emissions • Minimize waste and pollution • Protect and restore ecosystems • Support adaptation to the effects of climate change

2. DEFINITION OF GREEN WORKS.

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As per definition by ILO “Refers to infrastructure and environmental and community work that have direct environmental benefits or are in response to a specific environmental context such as changes in climate and extreme weather events. Green Works cover a range of different infrastructure types and activities.”

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Examples of Green Works (ILO-Green Jobs through Green Works : from concepts to strategies)

Climate resilience development

Eco-activities creating demand for new green-jobs / greener jobs

Coastal management

Land claim, emboldening, estuary closure, infrastructure development (dykes, sea-walls), beach nourishment, managed realignment, mangrove plantation, etc.

Sustainable Agriculture

Adaptation of agricultural practices to climate change, promotion of sustainable land-use management (nutrient and crop cycling, soil regeneration cycling) Rehabilitation of degraded land, diversification (including income, rotating pasture and management intensity) Development of resistant, short duration crop varieties, Alternative mixed crops

Climate-related disaster risk reduction

Development and maintenance of disaster resilient infrastructures (including coastal protection, floods protection, etc Early warning systems (including national disaster management plans) Re-deployment and immediate response

Water Resources Management

Irrigation and water efficient agriculture, Exploitation and preservation of water bodies and water streams, Preservation of frozen water reserves Sustainable use of wetlands and other systems, Rainwater harvesting and storing infrastructures, installation and maintenance, Water Efficiency (Buildings and industry)

Natural Resource Management (forestry, fisheries, etc)

Removal of alien vegetation

3. BACKGROUND OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE SECTOR.

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The key aim of the Environment and Culture Sector in EPWP is to build and protect South Africa’s natural resources and cultural heritage, and in doing so, dynamically use this preservation work to create both medium-term work and social benefits.

Employment Objectives

• Increase the number of poor and unemployed South Africans who are able to access income through working in E&Cs EPWP projects

Service Delivery Objectives

• Protect, restore and preserve the physical environment and contribute to sustainable development

o Integrating sustainable rural development and urban renewal; o Creating land-based livelihoods; o Promoting community-based natural resource management; o Developing and rehabilitating natural resources and protecting biodiversity. • Expand activities which demonstrate the rich and diverse culture of South Africa

and which offer opportunities for further economic development for poor communities

o Developing and promoting SA’s cultural heritage; o Promoting tourism and conservation. • Promote the Green Economy initiatives.

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SECTOR PROGRAMMES

FOCUS AREAS

1. Sustainable Land-based Livelihoods

- Land rehabilitation, clearing of invasive alien plants, the re-vegetation of landscapes, improving the productive potential of land, advocating and assisting communities, landowners and farmers with the implementation of appropriate agricultural and land-management strategies - The effective and efficient use of the country's natural resources (particularly land and water resources) - Contributing to climate change mitigation through greening, planting indigenous trees and transforming targeted areas into vibrant, green and sustainable settlements - Improving the functioning of the biodiversity and ecosystem - Empowering communities affected by fire, in order for them to understand the benefits of, and potential harm caused by fire - The rehabilitation of wetlands and nature conservation.

2. Coastal Management

- Coastal communities to create and maintain a cleaner and safer coastal environment. The programmes entail projects and products that contribute to the goals and objectives of government’s coastal policy. - Supporting the development of a sustainable fishing industry by promoting the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, establishing certain water farming projects and facilities, and supporting the appropriate management of the fishing industry.

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SECTOR PROGRAMMES

FOCUS AREAS

3. Tourism and Creative Industries

- Tourism infrastructure development - The development of tourist products - Skills development and capacity building in the tourism industry and creative industries - Supporting grassroots enterprises and practitioners in the cultural and creative industries.

4. Waste Management

- Domestic waste management and the cleaning of public open spaces (It introduces the concept of community based waste management and/or cooperatives. It also creates awareness around, and promotes, recycling) - Waste recycling and recovery projects - Waste disposal infrastructure - Urban renewal.

5. Parks and Beautification

- Cleaning, clearing and the beautification of public open spaces such as municipal streets, parks, illegal dump sites, cemeteries - Supporting communities improve their local surroundings - Developing infrastructure within protected areas.

6. Sustainable Energy

- provision of energy through renewable energy technologies and facilitating energy management through using labour intensive methodologies to stimulate sustainable job creation, local economic development, technology skills transfer and capacity development within a South African context.

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ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE SECTOR PROGRAMMES (IN ORDER OF SIZE) Focus Area Sector Programmes Municipal Provincial National

Sustainable Land-based Livelihoods Comprehensive Agricultural Support and Landcare

√ √

Working for Water √ √

Working on Fire √ √

Working for Wetlands √

Working for the Forest √ Other (Greening and Gardening, Fresh Water Farming, etc)

√ √ √

Coastal Management Working for the Coast √

Working for Fisheries √ Tourism and Creative Industries Working for Tourism √ √ √

Creative Industries √ √ √ Museum Services √ Cultural Services √ Language Services √ Heritage Services √

Waste Management Working on Waste √ √ √ Urban Renewal Cleaning of Public Open Spaces

√ √

Recycling √ Parks and Beautification People and parks √ √ √

Community parks √ √

Sustainable Energy Working for Energy √ Other √

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Work Opportunities Full Time Equivalent Jobs Total Municipal Provincial National Total Municipal Provincial National

2012/13 Target 275 000 5 579 89 204 180 217 81 304 2 751 23 671 54 882

2012/13 Actual 244 112 80 354 47 682 116 076 76 455 22 413 11 614 42 428

% achieved 89% 1440% 53% 64% 94% 815% 49% 77%

4 Year Target 781 000 15 845 253 340 511 816 214 782 7 267 62 532 144 983

4 Year Actual 611 718 159 038 142 572 310 108 176 037 44 014 33 173 98 850

% achieved 78% 1004% 56% 61% 82% 606% 53% 68%

Phase II Target 1 156 000 23 453 374 981 757 566 325 652 11 019 94 812 219 822

4 Year Actual 611 718 159 038 142 572 310 108 176 037 44 014 33 173 98 850

% achieved 53% 678% 38% 41% 54% 399% 35% 45%

PHASE II E&Cs PERFORMANCE AGAINST JOB CREATION TARGETS

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THE NEED.

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A Value-Added Industries (VAI) programme uses cleared invasive wood to create jobs.

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Greening initiatives, mitigate climate change

Using biomass to create green energy and carbon credits

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• Not all Environment and Culture sector job created are green jobs.

• ILO has developed Labour Intensive Guidelines for the Environment and Culture Sector.

• Extensive impact studies to be conducted:

4. CONCLUSION

Social

Environmental Economical

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“The scope and potential for creation of green jobs within the Environment and Culture sector remains huge but this also requires additional financial resources from different partners including extensive research”.