Creating a Republic

Chapter 7

Use the Georgraphy Skills map on pp.201 to answer these.

1)On the map find relative location western lands claimed by: (a) Virginia, (b) New York, (c) Massachusetts, (d) Spain?

2)Which state’s had claimed NO western lands?

3)How might western land claims threaten national unity?

Bell Ringer for Oct. 30

States wrote constitutions to:

Spell out citizens’ rightsLimit government’s powerSome constitutions included a bill of rights.

State governments were divided into executive and legislative branches.

State Constitutions

Some delegates thought colonies needed a united, national government.

Citizens feared that English tyranny would be replaced with American tyranny.

Continental Congress approved the Articles in 1777.

Articles of Confederation

Congress could:Declare warAppoint military officers

Coin moneyResponsible for foreign affairs

Articles of Confederation

Congress’ powers were limited:

Nine states had to approve a law

Could not regulate tradeHad no power to taxNo president to carry out

the laws No courts to settle conflicts between states

Articles of Confederation

WeaknessesLarge debt with no power to tax

Congress and states printed too much money

Articles of Confederation

WeaknessesBritain

maintained troops in Ohio Valley

Spain closed the Port of New Orleans

Articles of Confederation

Admitting New StatesIn 1787, Congress passed the NW Ordinance which:

Gave basic rights to settlers

Outlawed slavery in NW Divided territory into smaller sections

Established method for admittance into US

Calls for ChangeNation faced a depression

after the War.Farmers were hit hardestMany borrowed moneyDemand fell and prices fell

Farmers could not repay loans

Shays’ RebellionMA raised taxesDaniel Shays led more than

1,000 farmers’ in a revoltFarmers attacked

courthouses to prevent the state from taking farms

MA sent militia to end the rebellion

Effects Shays’ RebellionForced leaders to question the nature and purpose of government

Helped prove that the Articles of Confederation were too weak to be effective

Use the Viewing History portrait on page 209 to answer the following question.

1) How would you describe the way George Washington is portrayed?

2) Why do you think Howard Chandler Christy portrayed him that way?

Bell Ringer for Nov 1

Chapter 7 Key TermsQuiz on Fri, November 2

A) Amend K) Habeas Corpus

B) Anti-Federalists L) Judicial Branch

C) Articles of Confederation M) Land Ordinance of 1785

D) Bill of Rights N) Legislative Branch

E) Cede O) Northwest Ordinance

F) Constitution P) Republic

G) Dictatorship Q) Separation of Powers

H) Executive Branch R) Shays' Rebellion

I) Federalists S) 3/5’s Compromise

J) Great Compromise

Who were the leading delegates to the Constitutional Convention?

What were the main differences between the two rival plans for the new Constitution?

What compromises did the delegates have to reach before the Constitution could be signed?

Objectives-Nov 1st 2012

• Americans said Shays’ Rebellion proved the federal government was not effective under the Articles.

• Leaders from several states called for a convention to improve the Articles.

Convention Called

Revolutionary Leaders:

Benjamin Franklin Representative from PA Oldest delegate-81 years

of age Signed Declaration of

Independence

George Washington Appointed President of

the Constitutional Convention

Representative from VA

New Generation:

Alexander Hamilton Representative from

NY Wanted strong central

government

James Madison Ideas on democratic

government influenced others

Considered “Father of the Constitution”

When the Constitutional Convention met on May 25, 1787, to consider a new system of government, every state except Rhode

Island sent representatives.

New Jersey PlanVirginia Plan

The Great Compromise CREATE THIS GRAPHIC

ORGANIZER ON A SHEET OF NOTEBOOK

PAPER

James Madison Edmund Randolph William Paterson

• For the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan, investigate:

a) Who proposed each plan?b) How many branches of

government for each plan?c) How many legislative houses

according to each plan?d) How many representatives per

state for each plan?e) What size states would favor

each plan?

Convention Plans

1. Under this plan, representatives to Congress would all have been elected in

proportion to the population.

a) New Jersey Plan

b) Marshall Plan

c) Virginia Plan

d) Anaconda Plan

2. Under this plan, every state had an equal vote, ensuring that smaller

states could not be overpowered by more populous ones.

a) New Jersey Plan

b) Marshall Plan

c) Virginia Plan

d) Anaconda Plan

3. In the Great Compromise the delegates decided Congress would have

a) Two houses, one where each state had two senators and one

with seats awarded according to state populations.

b) One house, in which each state had one vote.

c) Two houses, both with seats awarded according to state populations.

d) One house, in which seats are awarded according to state

populations.

Read pages 208-209.Summarize the following:

1. The Great Compromise

2. Three-Fifths Compromise

3. Slave Trade Ban

Constitutional Compromises

Three branch government: Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, Judicial Branch

“The Compromise”-a two house legislature

House of Representatives-seats awarded according to population

The Senate-two senators from each state

Great Compromise

Southerners wanted slaves included in the population to gain House seats.

Northerners said if slaves could not vote, they should not be counted.

The compromise–3/5 of the slaves in any state would be counted.

Three-Fifths Compromise

The compromise-Congress would not outlaw the slave trade for at least 20 years.

Slavery nor the slave trade could be talked about in Congress.

Slave Trade Compromise

The Constitution was signed on

September 17, 1787.

Nine out of the 13 states had to ratify the Constitution.

Signing the Constitution

1)Name one power and one weakness Congress had under the Articles of Confederation.

2)What was the Great Compromise?

3)What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Bell Ringer for Monday, Nov. 5

Delegates’ desire was to have a republic

“A Republic, if you can keep it.”-Benjamin Franklin, 1787

Ideas Behind the Constitution

Americans admired Roman Republic Virtues

Romans worked because of devotion, not for money alone

Commitment was necessary for survival

Roman Example

Collapse of Rome was a warning to US

Value of luxury and comfort over independence could be destructive

Republics can die from within

Roman Warning

Magna Carta-1215, kings have to obey laws and the Great Council developed into Parliament

English Bill of Rights-regular elections, trial by jury, and right to bear arms

Traditions of the British

Mayflower Compact-1620, set up self government in America

Ideas from the American Revolution

Declaration of Independence

Articles of ConfederationState constitutions

American Experience

John Locke-taught that all people have natural rights, and government is an agreement between the ruler and the ruled (Social Contract?)

Baron de Montesquieu- wrote that powers of government should be clearly defined and

separated into branches

Enlightenment=Reason

1)When was the U.S. Constitution signed?

2)What republic’s collapse served as a warning to the U.S.?

3)Name three American experiences that contributed to the Constitution.

Bell Ringer

Identify the following:FederalistAntifederalistThe Federalist Papers

Arguing the Constitution

What were the Federalists’ main arguments?

What were the Antifederalists’ main arguments?

Arguing the Constitution

Federalists-in favor of a strong federal government and supported the Constitution.

Views on the Constitution:Federal government had enough power to function

Protected states’ rights and powers

Protected citizens’ rights

Federalists

Antifederalists-against the Constitution

Views on the Constitution:Made the federal government too strong and the states too weak

Gave the President too much power

Had no bill of rights

Antifederalists

The Federalist Papers were written

To explain and defend the Constitution.

By James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay.

The Federalist Papers

Turn to page 219.Read the primary source from Patrick Henry.

In your notes, answer 3, 4, and 5 under Practice the Skill.

Analyzing Primary Sources

Turn to page 217.Look at the “Cause and Effect” chart.

Answer the questions.

Bell Ringer

1 States set up conventions for ratification2 Delaware becomes the first state to ratify

the Constitution on Dec. 7, 17873 America becomes a stronger nation under

the Constitution4 George Washington is elected first

president of the US in January 17895 12 amendments to the Constitution

proposed in September 17896 Rhode Island ratifies the Constitution on

May 29, 17907 The Bill of Rights are added to the

Constitution in 1791

Chronological Order-Pages 216-218