Created by Kristin WadeKennesaw State UniversityMasters in Early Childhood

EducationECE 8814 / 01

Georgia Performance StandardsScience--S3E1: Students will investigate the physical attributes of rocks and soils.Math--M3D1: Students will create and interpret simple tables and graphs.

Table of Contents• What is A Rock?• Three Types of Rocks• Igneous Rocks

– Examples of Igneous Rocks• Sedimentary Rocks

– Examples of Sedimentary Rocks• Metamorphic Rocks• Did you Know?• The Rock Cycle: How Rocks Form and Change• Minerals

– How are Minerals Identified– Moh’s Hardness Scale– Common Minerals and their Uses

• Are You Ready To Rock?• So, You Think You’re A Rock Hound?• The Rock Cycle Song• Lights, Camera, Action! (Video Clips )• Test Your Knowledge

What is a Rock?

The Earth is made of mostly rocks. Rocks are non- living solids found in nature comprised of minerals. Rocks can be found on Earth’s

surface and in layers on the inside of the Earth.

The crust is Earth’s thin outer layer and here the rocks are solid.

The mantle is a thick layer of hot rock and some of the rock is soft.

The core is made up of two parts: the inner core and outer core. The rock in the outer core is so hot that it is liquid. The inner core stays solid due to the weight of the planet pressing in on it. It is hooter than the mantle.

The Three Types

of Rocks

Igneous Rockis rock that was

once melted but has cooled and hardened.

Sedimentary Rockforms from material

that has settled into layers.

The layers are squeezed

together until they harden into rock.

Metamorphic Rock

is igneous, sedimentary

or other metamorphic

rock that has changed over time by heat or

pressure or both deep inside the Earth.

Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks are the oldest types of rocks

Sometimes called “fire rocks”

When they are formed under Earth’s surface they are called intrusive – hot magma cools slowly forming large crystals

When they are formed above ground they are called extrusive – magma that erupts from a volcano becomes larva

Lava cools quickly creating rocks with small crystals

GraniteObsidia

nScoria Pumice

Sedimentary RocksRock made from sand, mud and pieces of older

rock and often have layers

Sedimentary Rock could contain skeletons and shells of animals that lived long ago

Sedimentary Rocks form at or near Earth’s surface from sediments that are deposited by wind or flowing water

Sedimentary rock can be formed by pressure of sediment layers pressing on top of each other or by cementing where they get glued together by minerals that are dissolved in water

Sandstone Limestone Shale Conglomerate

Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are igneous and sedimentary

rocks that have gone through some type pf change.

Metamorphic rocks from deep in the earth.

They can be under a lot of

AND

which over can cause them to become a new kind of rock!!

HOW COOL!!

DID YOU KNOW?Percent of Igneous Rock within the first

10 miles of Earth's Surface

95%

5%

I gneous

Metamorphic /Sedimentary

Most of the rock that is found in the first

ten miles of our planet is Igneous.

About 95%.

So, You Think You’re A Rock Hound?

Can you solve the

Mystery of the

Floating Rock?

Click here to become a Rock

EXPERT!

Learn more about

the ROCK CYCLE

with Tim and

Moby

ROCK GAMES

…the building blocks of rocks

Minerals that are RARE and EXPENSIVE

are called GEMS

Minerals are USUALLY solid

CRYSTALSMinerals

are MADE of

ELEMENTS

Minerals are formed by

NATURE

Minerals have NEVER

Been ALIVE

Minerals are SOLID objects

Minerals are found in the Earth

How Are Minerals Identified?

COLOR LUSTER STREAK Hardness

Some minerals will always have

the same color, such as GOLD. The color of a mineral

can be helpful

when trying to identify

it.

Luster is the way a

mineral reflects light.

Geologist use such words as brilliant, glassy,

metallic, dull, shiny and pearly.

When you rub a

mineral across a

hard, rough surface it

will leave a streak on it. This will be

different from its original color.

The hardness of a mineral

is determined by how easy

it is to scratch it. Talc can be scratched

with a fingernail.A diamond cannot be

scratched by other

minerals.

Hardness

Mineral Description

1 Talc Fingernail scratches it easily.

2 Gypsum Fingernail scratches it.

3 Calcite Copper penny scratches it.

4 Flourite Steel knife scratches it easily.

5 Apatite Steel knife scratches it.

6 Feldspar Steel knife does not scratch it easily, but scratches glass.

7 Quartz Hardest common mineral. It scratches steel and glass easily.

8 Topaz Harder than any common mineral.

9 Corundun It scratches Topaz.

10 Diamond It is the hardest of all minerals.

Common Minerals

Graphite Mica Halite Galena Calcite

Magnetite Pyrite Feldspar QuartzCorundu

m

Are You Ready To Rock?

Hardness of Minerals

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Name of Mineral

Ha

rdn

es

s S

ca

le

Study the graph.

•Can you list the minerals from greatest hardness to least?

•How about least to greatest?

•Write three questions about the information on this graph on an index card.

•Trade your questions with a partner to solve.

•Check each other’s answers.

Rock Cycle Song (Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row

Your Boat")SEDIMENTARY rock

Has been formed in layers Often found near water sources

With fossils from decayers Then there's IGNEOUS rock

Here since Earth was born Molten Lava, cooled and hardened

That's how it is formed These two types of rocks Can also be transformed

With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become.

• ( Don't forget to sing this as a "Round"; after all, it is the Rock "Cycle"! )

Lights, Camera, Action

•Active Volcanoes•Japan Volcano•Mexico’s Volcano•Fossil Diving

Click on the links below to watch video clips about erupting volcanoes and fossil research.

Test Your Knowledge

How well do you know your rocks? Click on

“Rocky” to find out.