Crawley - Contrasting the Capabilities of Building Energy Performance Simulation Programs

8/18/2019 Crawley - Contrasting the Capabilities of Building Energy Performance Simulation Programs

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Crawley, D.B. and Hand, J.* and Kummert, M. and Griffith, B.T. (2008) Contrasting the capabilities

of building energy performance simulation programs. Building and Environment, 43 (4). pp. 661-673.

ISSN 0360-1323

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CONTRASTING THE CAPABILITIES OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE

SIMULATION PROGRAMS

Drury B. Crawley1, Jon W. Hand 2, Michaël Kummert3, and Brent T. Griffith4

1

U S Department of Energy, Washington, DC, USA2Energy Systems Research Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK3University of Wisconsin-Madison, Solar Energy Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

4 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA

ABSTRACT

For the past 50 years, a wide variety of building

energy simulation programs have been developed,enhanced and are in use throughout the building

energy community. This paper is an overview of a

report which provides up-to-date comparison of thefeatures and capabilities of twenty major building

energy simulation programs. The comparison is

based on information provided by the program

developers in the following categories: generalmodeling features; zone loads; building envelope and

daylighting and solar; infiltration, ventilation and

multizone airflow; renewable energy systems;electrical systems and equipment; HVAC systems;

HVAC equipment; environmental emissions;

economic evaluation; climate data availability,

results reporting; validation; and user interface, linksto other programs, and availability.

INTRODUCTION

Over the past 50 years, literally hundreds of building

energy programs have been developed, enhanced and

are in use. The core tools in the building energy fieldare the whole-building energy simulation programs

which provide users with key building performance

indicators such as energy use and demand,

temperature, humidity, and costs.

During that time, a number of comparative surveysof energy programs have been published, ranging

from comprehensive surveys of building energysimulation programs to reviews of single topics suchas daylighting tools or energy auditing. Yet in our

study we found that no comprehensive comparative

survey of tools had been conducted in the past ten

years.

This paper provides a small excerpt from a muchlonger report which compares the features of twenty

major building energy simulation programs: BLAST,

BSim, DeST, DOE-2.1E, ECOTECT, Ener-Win,

Energy Express, Energy-10, EnergyPlus, eQUEST,ESP-r, IDA ICE, IES , HAP, HEED,

PowerDomus, SUNREL, Tas, TRACE andTRNSYS. The developers of these programs provided initial detailed information about their

tools. This report by Crawley, Hand, Kummert, andGriffith (2005) includes more than five pages of

detailed references for the surveys mentioned above

as well as for the 20 tools. The report containsdetailed tables comparing the features and

capabilities of the programs in the following 14

categories: General Modeling Features, Zone Loads,Building Envelope and Daylighting, Infiltration,

Ventilation and Multizone Airflow, Renewable

Energy Systems, Electrical Systems and Equipment,

HVAC Systems, HVAC Equipment, EnvironmentalEmissions, Economic Evaluation, Climate Data

Availability, Results Reporting, Validation, and User

Interface, Links to Other Programs, and Availability.The detailed report is available on the web:

www.energytoolsdirectory.gov/pdfs/comparative_pa per.pdf

OVERVIEW OF THE TWENTY

PROGRAMS

BLAST Version 3.0 Level 334, August 1998

www.bso.uiuc.edu/BLAST

The Building Loads Analysis and System

Thermodynamics (BLAST) system predicts energy

consumption and energy system performance andcost in buildings. BLAST contains three major

subprograms: Space Loads Prediction, Air System

Simulation, and Central Plant. Space Loads

Prediction computes hourly space loads given hourlyweather data and building construction and operation

details using a radiant, convective, and conductiveheat balance for all surfaces and a heat balance of theroom air. This includes transmission loads, solar

loads, internal heat gains, infiltration loads, and the

temperature control strategy used to maintain the

space temperature. BLAST can be used to investigatethe energy performance of new or retrofit building

design options of almost any type and size.

BSim Version 4.4.12.11

www.bsim.dk

BSim provides user-friendly simulation of detailed,

combined hygrothermal simulations of buildings andconstructions. The package comprise several

modules: SimView (graphic editor), tsbi5 (building

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simulation), SimLight (daylight), XSun (direct

sunlight and shadowing), SimPV (photovoltaic

power), NatVent (natural ventilation) and SimDxf(import from CAD). BSim has been used extensively

over the past 20 years, previously under the name

tsbi3. Today BSim is the most commonly used tool

in Denmark, and with increasing interest abroad, forenergy design of buildings and for moisture analysis.

DeST Version 2.0, 2005

www.dest.com.cn (Chinese version only)

DeST (Designer’s Simulation Toolkits) allowsdetailed analysis of building thermal processes and

HVAC system performance. DeST comprises a

number of different modules for handling differentfunctions: Medpha (weather data), VentPlus (natural

ventilation), Bshadow (external shading), Lighting

(lighting), and CABD (CAD interface). BAS(Building Analysis & Simulation) performs hourly

calculations for indoor air temperatures and

cooling/heating loads for buildings, includingcomplicated buildings of up to 1000 rooms.

There are five versions in the DeST family: DeST-h(residences), DeST-c (commercial), DeST-e

(building evaluation), DeST-r (building ratings) and

DeST-s (solar buildings). DeST has been widelyused in China for various prestige large structures

such as the State Grand Theatre and the State

Swimming Centre.

DOE-2.1E Version 121, September 2003

simulationresearch.lbl.gov

DOE-2.1E predicts the hourly energy use and energy

cost of a building given hourly weather information,a building geometric and HVAC description, and

utility rate structure. DOE-2.1E has one subprogram

for translation of input (BDL Processor), and foursimulation subprograms (LOADS, SYSTEMS,

PLANT and ECON). LOADS, SYSTEMS and

PLANT are executed in sequence, with the output ofLOADS becoming the input of SYSTEMS, etc. The

output then becomes the input to ECONOMICS.

Each of the simulation subprograms also produces

printed reports of the results of its calculations.

DOE-2.1E has been used extensively for more than25 years for both building design studies, analysis of

retrofit opportunities, and for developing and testing

building energy standards in the U.S. and around theworld. The private sector has adapted DOE-2.1E by

creating more than 20 interfaces that make the

program easier to use.

ECOTECT Version 5.50, April 2005

www.ecotect.com

Ecotect is a highly visual architectural design and

analysis tool that links a comprehensive 3D modellerwith a wide range of performance analysis functions

covering thermal, energy, lighting, shading, acoustics

and cost aspects. Whilst its modelling and analysis

capabilities can handle geometry of any size andcomplexity, its main advantage is a focus on

feedback at the earliest stages of the building design

process.

In addition to standard graph and table-based reports,analysis results can be mapped over building surfaces

or displayed directly within the spaces. This includes

visualisation of volumetric and spatial analysis

results, including imported 3D CFD data. Real-timeanimation features are provided along with

interactive acoustic and solar raytracing that updates

in real time with changes to building geometry andmaterial properties.

Ener-Win Version EC, June 2005

members.cox.net/enerwin

Ener-Win, originally developed at Texas A&MUniversity, simulates hourly energy consumption in

buildings, including annual and monthly energy

consumption, peak demand charges, peak heating

and cooling loads, solar heating fraction throughglazing, daylighting contribution, and a life-cycle

cost analysis. Design data, tabulated by zones, also

show duct sizes and electric power requirements.

The Ener-Win software is composed of several

modules — an interface module, a weather dataretrieval module, a sketching module, and an energy

simulation module. The interface module includes a

rudimentary building sketching interface. Ener-Winrequires only three basic inputs: (1) the building

type, (2) the building’s location, and (3) the

building’s geometrical data.

Energy Express, Version 1.0, February 2005

www.ee.hearne.com.au

Energy Express is a design tool, created by CSIRO,

for estimating energy consumption and cost at thedesign stage. The user interface allows fast and

accurate model creation and manipulation. Energy

Express includes a dynamic multi-zone heat transfermodel coupled to an integrated HVAC model so that

zone temperatures are impacted by any HVAC

shortcomings.

Energy Express for Architects provides graphicgeometry input and editing, multiple report viewing,

comparison of alternative designs and results,

simplified HVAC model, and detailed online help.

Energy Express for Engineers provides thosecapabilities along with peak load estimating, and

detailed HVAC model, graphic editing of air

handling system and thermal plant layouts.

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Energy-10 Version 1.8, June 2005

www.nrel.gov/buildings/energy10

Energy-10 was designed to facilitate the analysis of

buildings early in the design process with a focus on

providing a comprehensive tool suited to the design-

team environment for smaller buildings. Rapid presentation of reference and low-energy cases is the

hallmarks of Energy-10. Since Energy-10 evaluates

one or two thermal zones, it is most suitable forsmaller, 10,000 ft2 (1000 m2) or less, simpler,

commercial and residential buildings.

Energy-10 takes a baseline simulation and

automatically applies a number of predefinedstrategies ranging from building envelope

(insulation, glazing, shading, thermal mass, etc.) and

system efficiency options (HVAC, lighting,

daylighting, solar service hot water and integrated photovoltaic electricity generation). Full life-cycle

costing is an integral part of the software.

EnergyPlus Version 1.2.2, April 2005

www.energyplus.gov

EnergyPlus is a modular, structured code based on

the most popular features and capabilities of BLASTand DOE-2.1E. It is a simulation engine with input

and output of text files. Loads calculated (by a heat

balance engine) at a user-specified time step (15-

minute default) are passed to the building systemssimulation module at the same time step. The

EnergyPlus building systems simulation module,

with a variable time step, calculates heating andcooling system and plant and electrical system

response. This integrated solution provides more

accurate space temperature prediction—crucial forsystem and plant sizing, occupant comfort and

occupant health calculations. Integrated simulation

also allows users to evaluate realistic systemcontrols, moisture adsorption and desorption in

building elements, radiant heating and cooling

systems, and interzone air flow.

eQUEST Version 3.55, February 2005

www.doe2.com/equest

eQUEST is a easy to use building energy use

analysis tool which provides high quality results bycombining a building creation wizard, an energy

efficiency measure (EEM) wizard and a graphical

results display module with an enhanced DOE-2.2-derived building energy use simulation program.

The building creation wizard walks a user throughthe process of creating a building model. Within

eQUEST, DOE-2.2 performs an hourly simulation of

the building based on walls, windows, glass, people, plug loads, and ventilation. DOE-2.2 also simulates

the performance of fans, pumps, chillers, boilers, and

other energy-consuming devices. eQUEST allowsusers to create multiple simulations and view the

alternative results in side-by-side graphics. It offers

energy cost estimating, daylighting and lighting

system control, and automatic implementation ofenergy efficiency measures (by selecting preferred

measures from a list).

ESP-r Version 10.1, February 2005www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Programs/ESP-r.htm

ESP is a general purpose, multi-domain—building

thermal, inter-zone air flow, intra-zone airmovement, HVAC systems and electrical power

flow—simulation environment which has been under

development for more than 25 years. It follows the

pattern of `simulation follows description` whereadditional technical domain solvers are invoked as

the building and system description evolves. Users

control the complexity of the geometric,environmental control and operations to match the

requirements of particular projects. It supports an

explicit energy balance in each zone and at eachsurface.. ESP-r is distributed under a GPL license.

The web site also includes an extensive publications

list, example models, source code, tutorials andresources for developers.

HAP Version 4.20a, February 2004

www.commercial.carrier.com

Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) provides two tools

in one package: sizing commercial HVAC systemsand simulating hourly building energy performance

to derive annual energy use and energy costs. Input

data and results from system design calculations can be used directly in energy studies.

HAP is designed for the practicing engineer, to

facilitate the efficient day-to-day work of estimating

loads, designing systems and evaluating energy performance. Tabular and graphical output reports

provide both summaries of and detailed information

about building, system and equipment performance.

HAP is suitable for a wide range of new design and

retrofit applications. It provides extensive featuresfor configuring and controlling air-side HVAC

systems and terminal equipment. Part-load

performance models are provided for split DX units, packaged DX units, heat pumps, chillers and cooling

towers. Hydronic loops can be simulated with

primary-only and primary/secondary configurations,

using constant speed or variable speed pumps.

HEED Version 1.2, January 2005

www.aud.ucla.edu/heed

The objective of HEED is to combine a single-zonesimulation engine with an user-friendly interface. It

is intended for use at the very beginning of the

design process, when most of the decisions are made

that ultimately impact the energy performance ofenvelope-dominated buildings.

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HEED requires just four project inputs: floor area,

number of stories, location (zip code), and building

type. An expert system uses this information todesign two base case buildings: scheme 1 meets

California’s Title 24 Energy Code, and a scheme 2

which is 30% more energy efficient. HEED

automatically manages up to 9 schemes for up to 25different projects.

HEED’s strengths are ease of use, simplicity of input

data, a wide array of graphic output displays,

computational speed, and the ability to quicklycompare multiple design alternatives. Context

specific Help, Advice, and a FAQ file are included.

A full Spanish language version is also included.HEED is free, and can be downloaded from

www.aud.ucla.edu/heed.

IDA ICE Version 3.0, build 15, April 2005

www.equa.se/ice IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE) is based

on a general simulation platform for modularsystems, IDA Simulation Environment. Physical

systems from several domains are in IDA described

using symbolic equations, stated in either or both ofthe simulation languages Neutral Model Format

(NMF) or Modelica. IDA ICE offers separated but

integrated user interfaces to different user categories:

• Wizard interfaces lead the user through the steps

of building a model for a specific type of study.The Internet browser based IDA Room wizard

calculates cooling and heating load.• Standard interface for users to formulate a

simulation model using domain specificconcepts and objects, such as zones, radiators

and windows.

• Advanced level interface – where the user is ableto browse and edit the mathematical model of

the system.

• NMF and/or Modelica programming – fordevelopers.

IES Version 5.2, December 2004

www.iesve.com

The IES (IES ) is an

integrated suite of applications linked by a common

user interface and a single integrated data model. modules include:

• ModelIT – geometry creation and editing

• ApacheCalc – loads analysis

• ApacheSim – thermal

• MacroFlo – natural ventilation

• Apache HVAC – component based HVAC

• SunCast – shading visualisation and analysis

• MicroFlo – 3D computational fluid dynamics

• FlucsPro/Radiance – lighting design

•

DEFT – model optimisation

• LifeCycle – life-cycle energy and cost analysis

• Simulex – building evacuation

The program provides an environment for thedetailed evaluation of building and system

designs, allowing them to be optimized with

regard to comfort criteria and energy use.

PowerDomus Version 1.5, September 2005

www.pucpr.br/lst

PowerDomus is a whole-building simulation tool for

analysis of both thermal comfort and energy use. Ithas been developed to model coupled heat and

moisture transfer in buildings when subjected to any

kind of climate conditions, i.e., considering bothvapor diffusion and capillary migration. Its models

predict temperature and moisture content profiles

within multi-layer walls for any time step and

temperature and relative humidity for each zone.

PowerDomus allows users to visualize the sun pathand inter-buildings shading effects and provides

reports with graphical results of zone temperature

and relative humidity, PMV and PPD, thermal loadsstatistics, temperature and moisture content within

user-selectable walls/roofs, surface vapor fluxes and

daily-integrated moisture sorption/ desorption

capacity.

SUNREL Version 1.14, November 2004

www.nrel.gov/buildings/sunrel

SUNREL is an hourly building energy simulation program that aids in the design of small energy-

efficient buildings where the loads are dominated by

the dynamic interactions between the building'senvelope, its environment, and its occupants.

SUNREL has a simplified multizone nodal airflowalgorithm that can be used to calculate infiltration

and natural ventilation. Windows can be modeled by

one of two methods. Users can enter exact opticalinteractions of windows with identical layers of clear

or tinted glass and no coatings on the layers. Thermal

properties are modeled with a fixed U-value andfixed surface coefficients. For the second method, a

user imports data from Window 4 or 5. SUNREL

only models idealized HVAC equipment. Theequipment and loads calculations are solved

simultaneously, and the equipment capacities can be

set to unlimited. Fans move a schedulable fixed

amount of air between zones or from outside.

Tas Version 9.0.7, May 2005

www.edsl.net

Tas is a suite of software products, which simulatethe dynamic thermal performance of buildings and

their systems. The main module is Tas Building

Designer, which performs dynamic building

simulation with integrated natural and forced airflow.It has a 3D graphics based geometry input that

includes a CAD link. Tas Systems is a HVAC

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systems/controls simulator, which may be directly

coupled with the building simulator. It performs

automatic airflow and plant sizing and total energydemand. The third module, Tas Ambiens, is a robust

and simple to use 2D CFD package which produces a

cross section of micro climate variation in a space.

Tas combines dynamic thermal simulation of the building structure with natural ventilation

calculations which include advanced control

functions on aperture opening and the ability to

simulate complex mixed mode systems. The softwarehas heating and cooling plant sizing procedures,

which include optimum start. Tas has 20 years of

commercial use in the UK and around the world.

TRACE 700 Version 4.1.10, November 2004

www.tranecds.com

TRACE is divided into four distinct calculation

phases: Design, System, Equipment and Economics.During the Design Phase the program first calculates

building heat gains for conduction through buildingsurfaces as well as heat gains from people, lights, and

appliances and impact of ventilation and infiltration.

Finally, the program sizes all coils and air handlers

based on these maximum loads.

During the System Phase, the dynamic response ofthe building is simulated for an 8760-hour (or

reduced) year by combining room load profiles with

the characteristics of the selected airside system to predict the load imposed on the equipment. The

Equipment Phase uses the hourly coil loads from theSystem Phase to determine how the cooling, heating,

and air moving equipment will consume energy. TheEconomic Phase combines economic input supplied

by the user with the energy usage from the

Equipment Phase to calculate each alternative'sutility cost, installed cost, maintenance cost and life

cycle cost.

TRNSYS Version 16.0.37, February 2005

sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys

TRNSYS is a transient system simulation program

with a modular structure that was designed to solvecomplex energy system problems by breaking the

problem down into a series of smaller components.

TRNSYS components (referred to as "Types") may

be as simple as a pump or pipe, or as complicated asa multi-zone building model.

The components are configured and assembled using

a fully integrated visual interface known as the

TRNSYS Simulation Studio, and building input datais entered through a dedicated visual interface

(TRNBuild). The simulation engine then solves the

system of algebraic and differential equations that

represent the whole system. In building simulations,

all HVAC-system components are solvedsimultaneously with the building envelope thermal

balance and the air network at each time step. In

addition to a detailed multizone building model, the

TRNSYS library includes components for solarthermal and photovoltaic systems, low energy

buildings and HVAC systems, renewable energy

systems, cogeneration, fuel cells, etc.

The modular nature of TRNSYS facilitates theaddition of new mathematical models to the program.

In addition to the ability to develop new components

in any programming language, the program allows to

directly embed components implemented using othersoftware (e.g. Matlab/Simulink, Excel/VBA, and

EES). TRNSYS can also generate executables that

allow non-expert to run parametric studies.

COMPARISON AMONG THE TOOLS

Readers of the report who have specific simulation

tasks or technologies in mind should be able to

quickly identify likely candidate tools. The web sitesand detailed references and footnotes included in the

report would then allow a potential user to confirmthat the programs indeed have the capabilities.

From our experience, many users are relying on a

single simulation tool when they might be more

productive having a suite of tools from which to

chose. Early design decisions may not require adetailed simulation program to deal with massing or

other early design problems. We encourage users to

consider adopting a suite of tools which wouldsupport the range of simulation needs they usually

see in their practice.

Because the 14 tables comprise 30 pages with more

than 250 footnotes in the full comparison report, this

paper provides only a glimpse of the wealth ofinformation in the tables. Here we present portions

of Tables 2, 3, and 11, a summary of Tables 5, 7 and

8, as well as the complete Table 4 to demonstrate thevariety of approaches and solutions represented by

these programs. For example in Table 2, note that

almost all the programs deal with internal thermalmass; yet most tools only perform design sizing

calculations using dry bulb temperature.

While the tables may indicate a tool has a capability,note that there are many nuances of ‘capability’ that

the developers found difficult to communicate. Forexample, there are several levels of resolution here—

one tool may do a simplified solution while another

may have multiple approaches for that feature.

The tables attempt to resolve this by providing more

depth than a simple X (has capability) by including P

(partially implemented), O (optional), R (research

use), E (expert use), or I (difficult to obtain input

data) or through extensive explanatory footnotes. Inmany tables, many tools allow user-specified

correlations, solution methods, or convergencecriteria.

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CONCLUSIONS

As we began working on this paper, we found thateven among the ‘mature’ tools, there was not quite a

common language to describe what the tools could

do. There was much ambiguity which will continue

to require additional work to resolve in the future.This report does not attempt to deal with whether thetools would support analysis over the lifetime of the

project—from design through construction into

operation and maintenance.

We also found that there was a relatively new levelof attention and interest in publishing validation

results. Several program developers also indicated

that they plan to make the simulation inputs availableto users for download in the near future.

There is also the issue of trust—do the tools really perform the capabilities indicated, and which level of

effort by the user is involved? How detailed is the

model behind a tick in the table? For open sourcetools, everyone can check the model and adapt it. For

the other tools, only very detailed BESTEST-like

procedures can give the answer. We may need a wayfor users to provide feedback and ratings for these in

the future.

Next generation of the report? Dynamic web-based

community resource with direct links for each tool to

example input files for each capability as well as thesuite of validation inputs … and in some sense this is

already beginning. The authors’ organizations have

begun making their input files for IEA BESTESTeasily available.

We envision this report as a community resourcewhich will be regularly updated and expanded as the

tools (and the simulation field) mature and grow.

REFERENCE

Crawley, Drury B., Jon W. Hand, Michaël Kummert,

and Brent T. Griffith. 2005. Contrasting the

Capabilities of Building Energy Performance

Simulation Programs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This paper could not have happened without thecooperation and help of the many people who

provided information on tools they use or developed:

Kim Wittchen of SBI for BSim. The EnergyPlusdevelopment team (Linda K. Lawrie, Curtis O.

Pedersen, Walter F. Buhl, Michael J. Witte, Richard

K. Strand, Richard J. Liesen, Yu Joe Huang, Robert

H. Henninger, Jason Glazer, Daniel E. Fisher, DonB. Shirey, III, Robert J. Hitchcock, Brent T. Griffith,

Peter G. Ellis, Lixing Gu, and Rahul Chillar) for

DOE-2.1E, BLAST, and EnergyPlus. Professor JiangYi, Zhang Xiaoliang, and Yan Da of Tsinghua

Univesity for DeST. Professor Andrew Marsh and

Caroline Raines of Cardiff University and Square

One Research for ECOTECT. Larry Degelman of

Texas A&M University for Ener-Win. Steve Mollerand Angelo Delsante of CSIRO for Energy Express.

Norm Weaver of Interweaver Consulting for Energy-

10. Mark Hydeman, Steve Taylor, and Jeff Stein of

Taylor Engineering for an early critical review andfor information on eQUEST. Nick Kelly and Ian

Macdonald at University of Strathclyde for thought- provoking review which significantly broadened the

scope of the comparisons. Jim Pegues and Carrier

Corporation for HAP. Professor Murray Milne ofUCLA for HEED. Per Sahlin of Equa for IDA ICE.

Don McLean, Craig Wheatley, Eric Roberts, and

Martin Gough for IES . Professor NathanMendes of Pontifical Catholic University of Parana

for PowerDomus. Michael Deru of NREL for

SUNREL. Alan Jones and Ian Highton of EDSL for

Tas. Justin Wieman of the Trane Company and Larry

Scheir of SEI Associates for TRACE. The TRNSYSdevelopers team at TRANSSOLAR, CSTB and

TESS.

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE TABLES

X feature or capability available and in common use

P feature or capability partially implemented

O optional feature or capability

R optional feature or capability for research use

E feature or capability requires domain expertise

I feature or capability with difficult to obtain input

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T a b l e 1

Z o n e L o a d s

( 1 1 of t h e 2 1 r o w s f r omT a b l e 2 of t h e r e p or t )

BLAST

BSim

DeST

DOE-2.1E

ECOTECT

Ener-Win

Energy

Express

Energy-10

EnergyPlus

eQUEST

ESP-r

IDA ICE

IES

HAP

HEED

PowerDomus

SUNREL

Tas

TRACE

TRNSYS

I n t e r i or s ur f a c e c on

v e c t i on

D e p e n d e n t on

t e m p e r a t ur e

X

X

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X


a i r f l o w

X

X

P

X

X

X

X

E


s ur f a c e h e a t c o e f f i c i e n t f r om C F D

E

E

X

U s e r - d e f i n e d c

o e f f i c i e n t s ( c on s t a n t s , e q u a t i on s

or c or r e l a t i on s

)

X

X

X

X

X

E

R

X

X

X

X

X

X

I n t e r n a l t h e r m a l m a

s s

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

A u t om a t i c d e s i gn d

a y c a l c ul a t i on s f or s i zi n g

Dr y b ul b t e m p

e r a t ur e

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

P

X

X

D e w p oi n t t e m

p e r a t ur e or r e l a t i v e h umi d i t y

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

U s e r - s p e c i f i e d

mi ni m um a n d m a xi m um

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

U s e r - s p e c i f i e d

s t e a d y- s t a t e , s t e a d y- p e r i o d i c or

f ul l y d yn a mi c

d e s i gn c on d i t i on s

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

T a b l e 2

B u i l d i n gE n v e l o p e ,D a y l i g h t i n g a n d S o l ar

( 9 of t h e 5 2 r o w s f r

omT a b l e 3 i n t h e r e p or t )

BLAST

BSim

DeST

DOE-2.1E

ECOTECT

Ener-Win

Energy

Express

Energy-10

EnergyPlus

eQUEST

ESP-r

IDA ICE

IES

HAP

HEED

PowerDomus

SUNREL

Tas

TRACE

TRNSYS

O u t s i d e s ur f a c e c on

v e c t i on a l g or i t h m

BL A S T / T ARP

X

X

X

D OE -2

X

X

X

X

M o Wi T T

X

X

X

A S HRAE s i m pl e

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

I t o ,Ki m ur a , a n d Ok a c or r e l a t i on

X

X

U s e r - s e l e c t a b l e

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

I n s i d e r a d i a t i on vi e

wf a c t or s

X

X

X

X

X

X

P

X

R a d i a t i on- t o- a i r c om p on e n t s e p a r a t e f r om d e t a i l e d

c on v e c t i on ( e x t e r i o

r )

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

P

X

S ol a r g a i n a n d d a yl i gh t i n g c a l c ul a t i on s a c c o un t f or

i n t e r -r e f l e c t i on s f r o

m e x t e r n a l b ui l d i n g c om p on e n t s

a n d o t h e r b ui l d i n g s

P

X

X

X

X

P

X

- 237 -


9/9

T a b l e 4

I n f i l t r a t i o n , V e

n t i l a t i o n ,R o o mA i r a n d

M u l t i z o n e A i r f l o w

BLAST

BSim

DeST

DOE-2.1E

ECOTECT

Ener-Win

Energy

Express

Energy-10

EnergyPlus

eQUEST

ESP-r

IDA ICE

IES

HAP

HEED

PowerDomus

SUNREL

Tas

TRACE

TRNSYS

S i n gl e z on e i nf i l t r a t i on

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

A u t om a t i c c a l c ul a t i on of wi n d pr e s s ur e c o e f f i c i e n t s

X

P

P

X

X

X

N a t ur a l v e n t i l a t i on

( pr e s s ur e , b u o y a n c y d r i v e n )

X

P

X

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

O

M ul t i z on e a i r f l o w ( vi a pr e s s ur e n e t w or k m o d e l )

X

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

O

H y b r i d n a t ur a l a n d

m e c h a ni c a l v e n t i l a t i on

X

P

X

I

X

X

X

X

O

C on t r ol wi n d o w o p

e ni n g b a s e d onz on e or e x t e r n a l

c on d i t i on s

X

X

X

X

X

P

X

O

Di s pl a c e m e n t v e n t i

l a t i on

X

X

X

X

X

O

Mi x of f l o wn e t w or k s a n d C F D d om a i n s

X

E

C on t a mi n a n t s ,m y c

o t oxi n s ( m ol d gr o w t h )

P

R

P

T a b l e 5

H VA C S y s t e m s / C o m p o n e n t s &

R e n e w a b l e E n e r g y S y s t e m s

[ s umm a r yf r omr e p

or t T a b l e s 5 , 7 & 8 ( 9 p a g e s ) ]

BLAST

BSim

DeST

DOE-2.1E

ECOTECT

Ener-Win

Energy

ExpressEnergy-10

EnergyPlus

eQUEST

ESP-r

IDA ICE

IES

HAP

HEED

PowerDomus

SUNREL

Tas

TRACE

TRNSYS

R e n e w a b l e E n e r g y

S y s t e m s ( 1 2 i d e n t i f i e d ,X+ O )

1

2

2

1

4

0

0

2

4

2

7

1

3

0

0

1

2

2

0

1 2

I d e a l i z e d H VA C s y

s t e m s

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

U s e r - c onf i g ur a b l e H VA C s y s t e m s

X

X

P

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

R

X

X

X

P r e - c onf i g ur e d s y s t e m s ( a m on g 3 4 i d e n t i f i e d ,X+ O )

1 4

1 4

2 0

1 6

0

1 6

5

7

2 8

2 4

2 3

3 2

2 8

2 8

1 0

8

1

2 3

2 6

2 0

Di s c r e t e H VA C c om p on e n t s ( 9 8 i d e n t i f i e d ,X+ O )

5 1

2 4

3 4

3 9

0

2 4

8

1 5

6 6

6 1

4 0

5 2

3 8

4 3

7

1 5

3

2 6

6 3

8 2

T a b l e 6

E c o n o m i c E v a l u a t i o n

( e n e r g y c o s t s p or t i o

n of T a b l e 1 1 of t h e r e p or t )

BLAST

BSim

DeST

DOE-2.1E

ECOTECT

Ener-Win

Energy

Express

Energy-10

EnergyPlus

eQUEST

ESP-r

IDA ICE

IES

HAP

HEED

PowerDomus

SUNREL

Tas

TRACE

TRNSYS

S i m pl e e n e r g y a n d

d e m a n d c h a r g e s

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

C om pl e x e n e r g y t a r i f f s i n c l u d i n gf i x e d c h a r g e s ,

b l o c k c h a r g e s , d e m

a n d c h a r g e s ,r a t c h e t s

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

P

X

E

S c h e d ul e d v a r i a t i oni n a l l r a t e c om p on e n t s

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

P

X

X

X

U s e r s e l e c t a b l e b i l l i n g d a t e s

X

X

X

X

P

X

E

- 238 -

Documents

Crawley - Contrasting the Capabilities of Building Energy Performance Simulation Programs