UNIT 1 CONFLICT AND CHALLENGE – THE WORLD OF 1919

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Was the Treaty of Versailles fair and reasonable?

Terms Fair Not Fair

Explanation

Territorial Losses

Alsace-Lorraine returned to France

Moresnet, Eupen, Malmedy transferred to Belgium

Danish-speaking northern half of Slesvig joined Denmark in a plebiscite

Posen, West Prussia (Polish Corridor), Upper Silesia transferred to Poland

Danzig became a free city administered by League of Nations

Memel transferred to Lithuania

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Loss of Colonies

Germany lost its colonies in Africa and Asia to the League of Nations who transferred them to various nations as mandates

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Military Restrictions

Rhineland demilitarized and occupied by Allied troops for 15 years

army limited to 100,000, no conscription, tanks were prohibited

air force prohibited

navy limited to 12 destroyers, 6 light cruisers, 6 battleships with a maximum 10,000 tonnes, and submarines prohibited

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Reparations☐ ☐

pay war reparations to France and Belgium for damages caused during the war

1921 Reparations Commission assessed Germany $33 billion (included pensions and war debt)

pay reparations for shipping damage by turning over part of its merchant marine fleet to Britain

the coal mines of the Saar given to France for 15 years as compensation for the destruction of France’s northern coal mines by the retreating German army

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Article 231/Responsibility for the War

Germany obligated to accept responsibility for starting the war

“The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies”

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Anschluss/Union with Austria

unification between Germany and Austria forbidden ☐ ☐

League of Nations

Germany not allowed to be a member of the League ☐ ☐