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COVID-19 morbidity and mortality by race, ethnicity and spoken language in

Washington state

Washington State Department of Health

February 17, 2021

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To request this document in another format, call 1-800-525-0127. Deaf or hard of hearing customers, please call 711 (Washington Relay) or email civil.rights@doh.wa.gov.

Publication Number 420-289

For more information or additional copies of this report:

Disease Control and Health Statistics Public Health Outbreak Coordination, Information, and Surveillance 1610 NE 150th Street, MS: K17-9 Shoreline, WA 98155

Phone: 206-418-5700 (24-hour contact for local health jurisdictions only) Email: CommDisEpi@doh.wa.gov

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COVID-19 morbidity and mortality by race, ethnicity and spoken language in Washington state

Washington State Department of Health

February 17, 2021

NOTE: Beginning the week of December 23, 2020, probable cases are included in the metrics calculated for morbidity and mortality associated with race, ethnicity, and spoken language. Probable cases are individuals with a positive antigen test for COVID-19. Also, as of December 16, 2020, probable cases are included in all case, hospitalization, and death counts on the Washington State Department of Health COVID-19 dashboard. Probable cases since June 2020, when the first antigen results were reported in Washington, are now included in the dashboard. This places the report on “COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality by Race, Ethnicity and Spoken Language in Washington State” in alignment with the Washington State Department of Health COVID-19 Data Dashboard.

Overview

The impacts of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality have not been felt equally by all populations in Washington state. The pandemic has exacerbated the underlying and persistent inequities among historically marginalized communities and those disproportionately impacted due to structural racism and other forms of systemic oppression. This report provides an overview of confirmed or probable COVID-19 case, hospitalization, and death rates by race and ethnicity at state and regional levels. It also provides counts and percentages of confirmed or probable cases and hospitalizations by primary language spoken. Throughout this report, the COVID-19 case definition includes both molecular testing and antigen testing. Molecular positive cases are considered confirmed cases and antigen positive cases are considered probable cases. All hospitalization, death, and testing data reported here are based on positive molecular or antigen test results.

All rates presented in this report are adjusted for age using the Washington state population distribution based on the Office of Financial Management’s (OFM) April 1, 2019 population estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. The rate calculations are for the population groups available from OFM for the Washington state population and follow Department of Health guidelines. Hispanic ethnicity was assigned first, regardless of race, and then racial

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groups were identified for those identifying as non-Hispanic. Based on this, the current report includes the following groups:

• Hispanic; and

• non-Hispanic race categorizations for white, Black, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Asian, and American Indian/Alaska Native.

While this allows assessment of data by race and ethnicity groups, this categorization is incomplete and does not reflect the diversity of people and experiences across the state. Additionally, there is a significant lack of race and ethnicity reporting for confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations (about 43% missing) and for deaths (about 0% missing). Primary language spoken is missing for about 60% of cases and hospitalizations. Age information is missing for a small percentage of confirmed or probable cases (about 0.1%), and these cases are not included in age-adjusted rates. The lack of data limits our ability to draw firm conclusions; however, there are some concerning patterns reported below.

Cumulative age-adjusted confirmed or probable COVID-19 case, hospitalization, and death rates by race and ethnicity per 100,000 population

The table and figures below describe the counts and age-adjusted rates per 100,000 population in Washington by race and ethnicity for confirmed or probable cases, hospitalizations, and deaths for the entire time period from the start of the pandemic through 2021-02-15 based on the specimen collection date. 95% confidence intervals are included in the charts.

The data show that communities of color are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 in significant ways, including the following.

COVID-19 confirmed or probable case rates

• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) and Hispanic populations have the highest age-adjusted confirmed or probable case rates while white and Asian populations have the lowest case rates.

• Confirmed or probable case rates for NHOPI and Hispanic populations are approximately four times higher than case rates for Asian and white populations.

• Confirmed or probable case rates for Black populations are approximately two times higher than case rates among Asian and white populations.

COVID-19 hospitalization rates among confirmed or probable cases

• Hospitalization rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases are the highest for NHOPI populations and lowest for white populations.

• NHOPI hospitalization rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases are ten times higher than white populations.

• Hispanic hospitalization rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases are five times higher than white populations.

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• Hospitalization rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases for Black and American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations are approximately 3 times higher compared to whites.

COVID-19 death rates among confirmed or probable cases

• White populations have the lowest death rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases of all race/ethnicity groups.

• NHOPI populations have death rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases that are nearly six times higher than whites.

• AIAN and Hispanic populations have death rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases that are three times higher than whites.

• Black populations have death rates among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases that are nearly twice as high as white populations.

Table 1. Confirmed or probable COVID-19 case, hospitalization, and death count and age-adjusted rates by race/ethnicity

Race/Ethnicity Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Hospitalization Count

Age-Adjusted Hospitalization

Rate per 100,000

Death Count

Age-Adjusted

Death Rate per 100,000

All Races 329,409 4365.1 18,700 247.8 4,675 61.9

Unknown 139,995 7,955 12

Hispanic 60,631 6807.6 2,566 514.5 564 182.5

White 91,155 1787.2 5,735 94.2 3,304 50.8

Asian 11,872 1720.5 831 150.1 347 75

Black 10,560 3532.5 605 269.6 147 91.2

NHOPI 3,537 6793.6 342 965.8 74 301.7

Multiracial 5,612 2140.1 226 158.1 56 58.2

AIAN 3,033 3230.3 224 276.2 104 160.4

Other 3,014 216 67

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The following graph indicates the age-adjusted confirmed or probable COVID-19 case rate per 100,000 population by race/ethnicity during the time period 2020-01-19 to 2021-02-15

Source: Washington Disease Reporting System (WDRS)

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The following graph indicates the age-adjusted hospitalization rate among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population by race/ethnicity during the time period 2020-01-19 to 2021-02-15

Source: Washington Disease Reporting System (WDRS)

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The following graph indicates the age-adjusted death rate among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population by race/ethnicity during the time period 2020-01-19 to 2021-02-15

Source: Electronic Death Registration System (EDRS) and Washington Health and Life Events System (WHALES)

Analysis of confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths by geographic region

Regional groupings of Washington state counties

Some counties may not have sufficient case counts to analyze trends by race and ethnicity. In order to incorporate data from counties of all sizes, counties were assigned into one of 8 analytic regions (see Map of Washington Counties and Analysis Regions below). The regions presented were developed by the Washington State Department of Health in order to better understand geographic differences in disease spread and how disease spread may be changing over time. While infection rates may not be the same within any given region, this regional grouping allows for more specific geographic analyses without excluding any counties or communities due to concerns about smaller numbers.

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Map of Washington counties by DOH analysis regions

Missing race/ethnicity data by region

The Southwest, East, and North Central regions have the highest percentage of missing race/ethnicity data among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases and the North region has the lowest percentage of missing data on race/ethnicity, as indicated in the following table. The total number of confirmed or probable cases, and the number and percentage of confirmed or probable cases with missing data are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Counts and percentage of confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases with unknown race/ethnicity by DOH analytic region.

Region Case Count Cases with

Unknown Race/Ethnicity

% Cases with Unknown

Race/Ethnicity

East 44,508 24,546 55%

North 11,935 2,245 19%

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Region Case Count Cases with

Unknown Race/Ethnicity

% Cases with Unknown

Race/Ethnicity

North Central

20,768 10,015 48%

Northwest 6,853 2,644 39%

Puget Sound

147,931 62,266 42%

South Central

56,913 19,659 35%

Southwest 22,794 13,449 59%

West 16,604 4,806 29%

Unknown 1,449 629 43%

Source: Washington Disease Reporting System (WDRS) Includes data from 2020-01-19 to 2021-02-15

Cumulative age-adjusted confirmed or probable COVID-19 case rates by race, ethnicity, and analytic region

The following figures describe the age-adjusted confirmed or probable COVID-19 case rates per 100,000 population by race/ethnicity and region. They were calculated using the confirmed or probable cases with known race/ethnicity (about 57% of all reported cases).

It is important to note that the numeric scale differs across regions, so use caution when comparing two or more regions, as their scales may differ. The last figure (lower right corner) presents the age-adjusted confirmed or probable COVID-19 case rates for the whole state.

These data indicate that COVID-19 is found in significant numbers across racial and ethnic groups throughout the state, and it is not confined to certain areas, such as rural, urban, or suburban regions. Population centers in Puget Sound contribute substantially to the counts. However less populated regions, like South Central Washington, show larger rate differences by race/ethnicity, although they have smaller populations of racial and ethnic minorities. Further, while extreme disparities exist, people of all races and ethnicities are impacted.

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Source: Washington Disease Reporting System (WDRS) Includes data from 2020-01-19 to 2021-02-15

Age-adjusted confirmed or probable COVID-19 case rates by race and ethnicity per two-week period (Mar-Jan* 2021)

*Jan 2021 data include all confirmed or probable cases with a specimen collection date through 2021-01-30 to include the most recent, complete two-week period of data collection.

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Confirmed or probable COVID-19 case rates, adjusted for age by race and ethnicity, were calculated to better understand how race- and ethnicity-specific patterns may be changing over time by two-week period. Race/ethnicity-specific counts and age-adjusted rates increased for all race/ethnicity groups through July and early August 2020. All groups declined from early August to mid/late-August and flattened through September 2020. All race/ethnicity-age-adjusted rates began to rapidly increase in mid-October through the end of November. Rates of confirmed or probable cases remain highest for Hispanic and NHOPI population, and higher Black and AIAN populations in comparison to white, Asian, and multiracial populations.

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Table 3. Age-adjusted confirmed or probable COVID-19 case rates by race and ethnicity per two-week period (Mar 1 – Jan 30, 2021)

Race/Ethnicity Two-Week

Period Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Lower 95% Confidence

Interval

Upper 95% Confidence

Interval

Hispanic

Mar 01-Mar 14 89 13.1 10.2 16.7

Mar 15-Mar 28 654 99.8 91.2 109.3

Mar 29-Apr 11 1,152 173.0 161.4 185.3

Apr 12-Apr 25 1,325 177.8 166.7 189.7

Apr 26-May 09 1,437 179.4 168.6 190.8

May 10-May 23 1,648 194.8 183.9 206.3

May 24-Jun 06 1,907 235.9 223.4 249.1

Jun 07-Jun 20 2,246 272.3 259.0 286.3

Jun 21-Jul 04 2,532 290.1 276.7 304.1

Jul 05-Jul 18 3,209 352.2 338.0 367.0

Jul 19-Aug 01 2,946 322.6 309.0 336.8

Aug 02-Aug 15 2,243 249.0 237.0 261.6

Aug 16-Aug 29 1,751 193.8 183.2 205.0

Aug 30-Sept 12 1,232 136.0 127.2 145.5

Sept 13-Sept 26 1,223 138.6 129.5 148.3

Sept 27-Oct 10 1,550 169.7 159.8 180.1

Oct 11-Oct 24 1,809 194.2 183.9 205.0

Oct 25-Nov 07 3,507 372.6 358.1 387.6

Nov 08-Nov 21 5,517 604.4 585.7 623.6

Nov 22-Dec 05 5,556 596.3 577.9 615.3

Dec 06-Dec 19 5,074 550.5 532.8 568.9

Dec 20-Jan 02 3,741 407.4 392.1 423.3

Jan 03-Jan 16 4,376 460.4 444.5 476.8

Jan 17-Jan 30 2,510 275.3 262.6 288.7

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Race/Ethnicity Two-Week

Period Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Lower 95% Confidence

Interval

Upper 95% Confidence

Interval

White

Mar 01-Mar 14 504 8.6 7.8 9.4

Mar 15-Mar 28 2,057 36.6 35.1 38.3

Mar 29-Apr 11 1,599 28.6 27.2 30.0

Apr 12-Apr 25 900 16.0 14.9 17.0

Apr 26-May 09 769 13.7 12.8 14.7

May 10-May 23 524 9.5 8.8 10.4

May 24-Jun 06 674 12.9 11.9 13.9

Jun 07-Jun 20 1,177 22.9 21.6 24.2

Jun 21-Jul 04 2,490 50.6 48.6 52.7

Jul 05-Jul 18 2,867 57.1 55.0 59.3

Jul 19-Aug 01 2,876 56.4 54.3 58.5

Aug 02-Aug 15 2,327 45.9 44.1 47.9

Aug 16-Aug 29 1,816 36.2 34.5 37.9

Aug 30-Sept 12 1,642 32.6 31.0 34.2

Sept 13-Sept 26 2,028 39.6 37.9 41.4

Sept 27-Oct 10 3,029 60.0 57.9 62.2

Oct 11-Oct 24 3,887 76.5 74.1 79.0

Oct 25-Nov 07 6,249 123.3 120.3 126.5

Nov 08-Nov 21 10,015 197.6 193.7 201.6

Nov 22-Dec 05 9,047 177.4 173.8 181.2

Dec 06-Dec 19 8,671 169.1 165.6 172.8

Dec 20-Jan 02 7,746 152.0 148.6 155.5

Jan 03-Jan 16 9,112 181.1 177.4 184.9

Jan 17-Jan 30 5,609 111.8 108.9 114.8

Asian Mar 01-Mar 14 91 15.6 12.6 19.3

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Race/Ethnicity Two-Week

Period Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Lower 95% Confidence

Interval

Upper 95% Confidence

Interval

Mar 15-Mar 28 260 39.5 34.9 44.9

Mar 29-Apr 11 326 49.5 44.3 55.3

Apr 12-Apr 25 246 37.4 32.9 42.5

Apr 26-May 09 143 21.3 18.0 25.3

May 10-May 23 110 16.2 13.3 19.6

May 24-Jun 06 79 11.3 9.0 14.1

Jun 07-Jun 20 97 14.2 11.6 17.4

Jun 21-Jul 04 269 38.4 34.0 43.4

Jul 05-Jul 18 258 36.8 32.5 41.7

Jul 19-Aug 01 283 41.2 36.6 46.5

Aug 02-Aug 15 236 33.3 29.3 38.0

Aug 16-Aug 29 223 31.5 27.5 36.0

Aug 30-Sept 12 173 25.2 21.6 29.4

Sept 13-Sept 26 219 31.9 27.9 36.6

Sept 27-Oct 10 313 43.8 39.1 49.0

Oct 11-Oct 24 321 44.3 39.6 49.5

Oct 25-Nov 07 665 95.2 88.1 102.9

Nov 08-Nov 21 1,154 163.6 154.2 173.6

Nov 22-Dec 05 1,278 184.1 174.0 194.7

Dec 06-Dec 19 1,306 191.6 181.3 202.6

Dec 20-Jan 02 1,158 166.3 156.8 176.4

Jan 03-Jan 16 1,255 181.9 171.9 192.5

Jan 17-Jan 30 880 129.3 120.8 138.3

Black Mar 01-Mar 14 28 11.4 7.6 16.9

Mar 15-Mar 28 171 65.0 55.5 76.2

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Race/Ethnicity Two-Week

Period Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Lower 95% Confidence

Interval

Upper 95% Confidence

Interval

Mar 29-Apr 11 269 102.4 90.2 116.2

Apr 12-Apr 25 276 97.7 86.4 110.5

Apr 26-May 09 184 63.0 54.3 73.2

May 10-May 23 141 47.0 39.6 55.8

May 24-Jun 06 107 38.2 31.2 46.7

Jun 07-Jun 20 159 51.4 43.8 60.3

Jun 21-Jul 04 311 99.5 88.7 111.6

Jul 05-Jul 18 423 135.3 122.7 149.1

Jul 19-Aug 01 450 149.9 136.2 165.1

Aug 02-Aug 15 429 146.2 132.5 161.4

Aug 16-Aug 29 269 90.7 80.1 102.7

Aug 30-Sept 12 190 63.2 54.5 73.3

Sept 13-Sept 26 207 70.3 61.0 81.1

Sept 27-Oct 10 297 95.8 85.3 107.7

Oct 11-Oct 24 362 120.0 107.8 133.6

Oct 25-Nov 07 768 246.2 229.0 264.7

Nov 08-Nov 21 1,001 327.0 306.8 348.6

Nov 22-Dec 05 1,061 356.4 334.8 379.5

Dec 06-Dec 19 1,015 346.1 324.6 369.1

Dec 20-Jan 02 806 266.9 248.5 286.7

Jan 03-Jan 16 841 274.6 256.1 294.5

Jan 17-Jan 30 516 174.5 159.5 190.9

NHOPI

Mar 01-Mar 14 10 24.7 12.3 49.7

Mar 15-Mar 28 25 65.6 41.0 104.9

Mar 29-Apr 11 64 162.8 121.5 218.2

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Race/Ethnicity Two-Week

Period Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Lower 95% Confidence

Interval

Upper 95% Confidence

Interval

Apr 12-Apr 25 100 194.4 157.2 240.4

Apr 26-May 09 85 173.1 137.2 218.4

May 10-May 23 115 214.9 176.0 262.4

May 24-Jun 06 142 260.8 215.8 315.2

Jun 07-Jun 20 198 361.4 310.8 420.3

Jun 21-Jul 04 173 318.7 271.3 374.5

Jul 05-Jul 18 134 248.4 206.7 298.6

Jul 19-Aug 01 95 186.4 147.9 234.9

Aug 02-Aug 15 91 179.5 142.9 225.4

Aug 16-Aug 29 107 214.8 172.9 266.9

Aug 30-Sept 12 92 169.2 135.5 211.4

Sept 13-Sept 26 71 137.6 104.6 181.0

Sept 27-Oct 10 88 194.1 150.9 249.6

Oct 11-Oct 24 99 205.9 161.2 263.0

Oct 25-Nov 07 197 369.1 316.9 429.8

Nov 08-Nov 21 294 542.0 479.3 613.0

Nov 22-Dec 05 244 479.7 415.0 554.4

Dec 06-Dec 19 214 390.6 337.4 452.2

Dec 20-Jan 02 247 499.1 432.6 575.9

Jan 03-Jan 16 263 457.1 401.4 520.5

Jan 17-Jan 30 226 437.9 376.8 508.9

Multiracial

Mar 01-Mar 14 12 9.2 4.9 17.3

Mar 15-Mar 28 69 35.3 26.9 46.1

Mar 29-Apr 11 76 36.2 27.8 47.1

Apr 12-Apr 25 53 26.7 19.6 36.4

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Race/Ethnicity Two-Week

Period Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Lower 95% Confidence

Interval

Upper 95% Confidence

Interval

Apr 26-May 09 59 24.0 18.1 31.9

May 10-May 23 56 27.0 20.1 36.3

May 24-Jun 06 95 47.4 37.9 59.3

Jun 07-Jun 20 139 54.0 44.6 65.4

Jun 21-Jul 04 262 98.4 85.3 113.4

Jul 05-Jul 18 240 97.9 84.5 113.4

Jul 19-Aug 01 264 108.5 94.0 125.2

Aug 02-Aug 15 158 55.9 46.4 67.5

Aug 16-Aug 29 103 37.1 29.7 46.4

Aug 30-Sept 12 102 37.4 29.4 47.6

Sept 13-Sept 26 91 36.8 28.8 47.1

Sept 27-Oct 10 134 51.4 41.7 63.3

Oct 11-Oct 24 178 65.4 55.0 77.9

Oct 25-Nov 07 409 150.1 133.7 168.5

Nov 08-Nov 21 520 188.6 170.6 208.5

Nov 22-Dec 05 536 201.0 182.4 221.6

Dec 06-Dec 19 528 195.4 176.9 215.7

Dec 20-Jan 02 484 185.4 167.5 205.3

Jan 03-Jan 16 529 191.5 173.1 211.9

Jan 17-Jan 30 312 112.2 98.1 128.4

AIAN

Mar 01-Mar 14 7 9.1 4.1 20.3

Mar 15-Mar 28 29 32.5 22.3 47.3

Mar 29-Apr 11 51 58.3 44.0 77.2

Apr 12-Apr 25 42 44.0 32.5 59.6

Apr 26-May 09 75 78.2 62.3 98.2

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Race/Ethnicity Two-Week

Period Case

Count

Age-Adjusted

Case Rate per 100,000

Lower 95% Confidence

Interval

Upper 95% Confidence

Interval

May 10-May 23 58 62.3 47.9 81.0

May 24-Jun 06 87 94.1 76.0 116.6

Jun 07-Jun 20 99 103.5 84.9 126.2

Jun 21-Jul 04 94 101.9 82.8 125.3

Jul 05-Jul 18 89 94.8 76.6 117.4

Jul 19-Aug 01 139 147.6 124.6 174.8

Aug 02-Aug 15 110 122.4 100.7 148.7

Aug 16-Aug 29 64 67.9 52.9 87.2

Aug 30-Sept 12 53 57.0 43.3 75.1

Sept 13-Sept 26 49 50.4 38.1 66.8

Sept 27-Oct 10 64 66.8 52.2 85.4

Oct 11-Oct 24 51 55.6 41.9 74.0

Oct 25-Nov 07 110 118.2 97.7 143.1

Nov 08-Nov 21 226 244.9 214.2 279.9

Nov 22-Dec 05 325 342.6 306.9 382.5

Dec 06-Dec 19 331 353.4 316.8 394.3

Dec 20-Jan 02 235 251.2 220.5 286.2

Jan 03-Jan 16 273 283.1 251.3 319.0

Jan 17-Jan 30 192 202.0 174.8 233.3

Source: Washington Disease Reporting System (WDRS)

Cumulative crude confirmed or probable case counts and percentages by language spoken

Analysis of language spoken provides another important method to understand health disparities and communities impacted by COVID-19. Use of one method alone may mask health disparities and community-specific impacts. Almost half of reported confirmed or probable

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cases are missing information on primary language. Despite missing data, there are some important observations.

The following table presents counts and percentages of confirmed or probable cases, by primary language spoken. The percentage of the Washington state population 5 years and over with limited English proficiency that speak each language are also included to provide context. The information on the percentage of the Washington state population with limited English proficiency come from the Office of Financial Management 2016 estimates. Findings should be interpreted with caution due to the high proportion of missing data (60%).

Table 4. Confirmed or probable COVID-19 case count and percentage of cases by primary language spoken

Language Case Count % of Cases

% of WA Population with Limited English

Proficiency*

All Cases 329,755 100.0%

Unknown Language 198,815 60.3%

Known Language 130,940 39.7%

English 102,612 78.4*%

Spanish 23,427 17.9*% 6.4

Marshallese 323 0.2*% 0.1

Vietnamese 957 0.7*% 0.5

Russian 1,004 0.8*% 0.3

Chinese (all) 243 0.2*% 0.3

Ukrainian 223 0.2*% 0.2

Somali 263 0.2*% 0.1

Tagalog 123 0.1*% 0.1

Amharic 142 0.1*% 0.1

Other 1,623 1.2*%

*For more information on the selected WA populations by primary language reported here, please see the WA OFM methodology, https://ofm.wa.gov/sites/default/files/public/legacy/pop/subject/ofm_pop_limited_english_proficiency_methodology.pdf

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Cumulative hospitalization percentages among confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases by language spoken

The following table and graph present the percentages of confirmed or probable cases who were hospitalized, by primary language spoken. The high rates of hospitalizations among confirmed or probable cases whose primary language was other than English or Spanish suggests that increased exposures and/or barriers to care may contribute to more severe disease in these populations. Languages with less than 10 individuals hospitalized were removed from this analysis to protect patient confidentiality. Findings should be interpreted with caution due to the high proportion of missing data (60%).

Table 5: Percentages of confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases hospitalized by primary language spoken

Language Case Count Hospitalization

Count

% language specific cases

hospitalized

All Cases 329,755 18,704 5.7%

English 102,612 5,568 5.4%

Spanish 23,427 1,207 5.2%

Marshallese 323 48 14.9%

Vietnamese 957 89 9.3%

Russian 1,004 180 17.9%

Chinese (all) 243 40 16.5%

Ukrainian 223 56 25.1%

Somali 263 16 6.1%

Tagalog 123 28 22.8%

Amharic 142 13 9.2%

Other 1,623 182 11.2%

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