COVERAGE PLANNING

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA Radio Network

Coverage Planning


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Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be

able to:

Know the contents and process of radio network

planning

Understand uplink budget and related parameters

Understand downlink budget and related

parameters


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Contents

1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

2. R99 Coverage Planning


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Capacity, Coverage, Quality

Capacity & Coverage

Users Cell Load Interference Level

Cell Coverage

Cell Coverage Cell Load Capacity

Capacity & Quality Users Cell Load Interference Level

Quality

Quality ( BLERtar ) Capacity

Coverage & Quality

Quality ( AMR ) Cell Coverage

Capacity

Quality Coverage

COST


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WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process

Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network


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Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Radio network dimensioning includes coverage dimensioning

and capacity dimensioning

Obtain the scale of sites and configuration according to input

requirements when the coverage and capacity are balanced


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Input & output of radio network dimensioning

Capacity Related-Spectrum Available

-Subscriber GrowthForecast-Traffic Density

Coverage Related-Coverage Region

-Area Type Information

-Propagation Condition

QoS Related-Blocking Probability

-Indoor Coverage

Input

Number of NodeB

Carrier configuration

CE configuration

Iub configuration

-Coverage Probability


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Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial

Site Selection

Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is

intended to determine:

Theoretical location of sites

Implementation parameters

Cell parameters


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Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site

Survey

We have to select backup location for site if

theoretical location is not available

Based on experience , backup site location is

selected in search ring scope , search ring =1/4R


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Step3 : Cell planning of radio network

Simulation

U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate

user distributions (snapshots)

By iteration, U-Net get the UL/DL cell load,

connection status and rejected reason for each

mobile The example of Monte Carlo simulation:


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Contents

1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process



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Contents


2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning

2.2 R99 Uplink Budget

2.3 R99 Downlink Budget


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Process of R99 Coverage Planning

Goal of R99 coverage planning

obtain the cell radius

estimate NodeB number that could satisfy

coverage requirementStart

Link Budget

Cell Radius

NodeB Coverage Area

NodeB Number

End

Propagation model

Path Loss

R

R2

3*8

9RArea

23*

2

3RArea

areacoverageNodeB

areacoverageTotal

numberNodeB


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Contents






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Uplink Budget Principle

Cable Loss

Antenna Gain

NodeBSensitivity

PenetrationLoss

UE Transmit Power

UE Antenna Gain

NodeB Antenna Gain

SHO Gain against fastfading

SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin

Fast fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Maximum

Allowed path loss

UPLINK BUDGET

Antenna Gain

NodeB reception sensitivity

SHO Gain

Margin

Loss


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Element of Uplink Budget

1. UE_TransmissionPower ( dBm ) The UE maximum transmit power is determined by the power class of the UE,

which is specified by the 3GPP standard

The Class 4 UE, with maximum power 21 dBm, are normally considered due

to their popularity in the market

Grade of UE powerTS 25.101 )

Power Class Nominal maximum output power Tolerance

1 +33dBm +1/-3dB

2 +27dBm +1/-3dB

3 +24dBm +1/-3dB

4 +21dBm +2/-2dB


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2. Body Loss ( dB )

For voice, the body loss is 3 dB

For the other service , the body loss is 0 dB

3. Gain of UE TX Antenna ( dBi )

In general, the gain of UE antenna is 0 dBi


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4. Penetration Loss ( dB )

Indoor penetration loss means the difference

between the average signal strength outside the

building and the average signal strength of firstfloor of the building

In terms of service coverage performance, micro-

cells provide an effective solution for achieving a

high degree of indoor penetration


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5. NodeB_AntennaGain ( dB )

6. Cable loss ( dB )

- Cable loss between NodeB and antenna

- Jumper loss between NodeB and antenna

- Connectors loss between NodeB and antenna

Sector Type Gain of Antenna (dBi)

Omni 11

2 Sector 18

3 Sector 18

6 Sector 20

Cable

Loss


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Path Loss and Fading

Path Loss - fading due to propagation distance

Long term (slow) fading- caused by shadowing

Short term (fast) fading- caused by multi-path propagation


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7. Slow Fading Margin

Slow Fading Margindepends on

Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge

The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required

Standard Deviation of Slow Fading

The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required

Received Signal Level [dBm]

ProbabilityDensity

Fthreshold

Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge:

P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]

SFM required

Without SFM

With SFM


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8. SHO Gain against Slow Fading SHO reduces slow fading margin compared to the single cell case

SHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability

SHO Gain against slow fading = SFM without SHO - SFM with SHO

SHO Gain Against SFM

0

1

2

34

5

6

7

98% 95% 92% 90% 85%Standard deviation=11.7

Path loss slope=3.52 Area coverage probability

(dB)


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9. Fast Fading Margin

Fast fading margin required to guarantee fast power control

the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type, BLER

requirement

Uplink case: UE moves

towards the edge of the cell

Fast Fading Margin= Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No with fast PC


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10.SHO Gain against Fast fading

SHO gain against fast fadingreduces the Eb/No

requirement

SHO gain against fast fadingleads to a gain for

reception sensitivity

SHO gain against fast fadingexists for both uplink

and downlink (Typical value of SHO gain againstFFM is 1.5dB)

SHO Gain Against Fast Fading = Eb/No without SHO

Eb/No with SHO


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11. Interference Margin in Uplink

Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise

Higher cell load leads to heavier interference

Interference margin affects cell coverage

dBLogNoiseRise UL110 10

UL Load

Noise

Rise(dB)

Interference Curve in Uplink 50% UL Load 3dB

60% UL Load 4dB

75% UL Load 6dB


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12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity

Nth: Thermal Noise

NF: Noise Figure

Eb/No : required Eb/No to maintain service quality

PG: Processing Gain

PGNENFNsitivityceptionSen bth 0/Re


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Nth: Thermal Noise is the noise density generated

by environment and equals to:

KBoltzmann constant, 1.3810-23J/K

TTemperature in Kelvin, normal temperature:

290 K

WSignal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth

3.84MHz

Nth= -108dBm/3.84MHz

)**log(10WTKN

th


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NF: Noise Figure :

For Huawei NodeB, latest NFis 1.6dB

For commercial UE, typical NFis 7dB.


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PG: Processing Gain :

Processing gain is related with the service bearer

rate, and the detail formula is present below:

)ratebit

ratechiplog(10GainocessPr


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Eb/No is required bit energy over the density of total noise to maintain

service quality

Eb/No is obtained from link simulation

Eb/No is related to following factors

Service type

Multi-path channel model

User speed

The target BLER


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Contents






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Downlink Budget Principle

CableLoss

Antenna Gain

UESensitivity

PenetrationLoss

NodeB Transmit Power

UE Antenna Gain

NodeB Antenna Gain

SHO Gain against fastfading

SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin

Fast fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

DOWNLINK BUDGET

Maximum

allowed path loss

UE reception sensitivity

Antenna Gain

SHO Gain

Margin

Loss


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Element of Downlink Budget

Interference Margin in Downlink

Wherein, is non-orthogonality factor, f is the

interference ratio of other cell to own cell

Interference margin is equal to noise rise

N

DLMax

N

otherownN

N

total

P

CLPfNo

P

IIP

P

INoiseRise

/

Interference Margin

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

120 125 130 135 140 145 150

IM(dB)

CL(dB)

=0.6, = 1.78,

PMax=20W,

f

9.0DL


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