Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CoverCrops
• RestlessTillageSyndrome-YouTube
• LeastAmountOfMechanicalDisturbancePossible• ArmorOnTheSoilSurface• PlantDiversity• LivingRootAsLongAsPossible• IntegraConOfLivestockOnCropland
KeystoAchievingaHealthySoil
ByPlanCngCoverCropsIdahoFarmersBenefitfrom:
• LowerNFerClizerCost.SaintAnthonyareaplantedSeptember7th
LowerNferClizercostconCnued…
CaribouCounty,plantedattheendofJune,PicturetakenlateOctober
IncreasesOrganicMaQer
• Thegreatestbenefitofcovercropstothesoilmaybewhatishappeningbeneaththesurface.CovercropsprovideacCvelivingroots.Theselivingrootsfeedsoilmicrobesandinturnincreasenutrientsavailabletothenextcropfromnaturalprocessesinthesoil.
• InaddiConthebiomassabovethegroundwilleventuallybreakdownintoorganicmaQer.
SoilOrganicMaQerNutrientBankAccount.
• 1.0%OM=20,000#– 10,000#Carbon(5ton) – 1,000#Nitrogen @$.50/#=$500– 100#Phosphorous @$.70/#=$70– 100#Potassium @$.40/#-=$40– 100lbsofSulfur @$.50/#=$50– Total $680
• MineralizaConRate=2-3%fromorganicNtoinorganicN.
• ResulCngin20to30lbsofuseableNperacre.
SoilOrganicMaQer&AvailableWaterCapacity
PercentSOM Sand SiltLoam SiltyClayLoam
1 1.0 1.9 1.42 1.4 2.4 1.83 1.7 2.9 2.24 2.1 3.5 2.65 2.5 4.0 3.0
BermanHudsonJournalSoilandWaterConservaCon49(2)189194189-MarchApril1994–Summarizedby:Dr.MarkLiebig,ARS,Mandan,NDHalWeiser,SoilScienCst,NRCS,Bismarck,ND
InchesofWater/OneFootofSoil1acreinch=27,150gallonsofwater
CoverCropsusedasabio-fumigant
• EginbenchnearSaintAnthonyFallof2015ResearchhasshownthatradishwillhelpcontrolnematodesforpotatoproducConwhengrownasacovercrop.Thisoperatorhasnothadtofumigateapotatofieldfor5years.
Bio-FumigantCoverCropsforNematodeControl
ControlWindErosionI-15Osgood,MudLake-2012
PicturetakenthefollowingSpringwithKenBeckman(NRCS)
ScavengingandRetenConofSoilNutrients
• AfallplanCngofmanycovercropsspecieswillcaptureexcessNandPandreleasethemthefollowingspringthroughdecomposiCon.
• SmallGrains,RadishandCanolaareratedas“verygood”atscavengingnitrogenfromthesoilandreleasingitthefollowingspring.
• MustardandTurnipareratedas“good”.
ProducConofaAlternaCveForage
NutrientCycling
DecreasecompacCon(deeprootedcoverssuchasDaikonradish,Mustard,Rapecanbreakthroughcompactedlayers
MadisonCounty2015PlantedmidAugustPicturetakenmidOctober
InAddiConCoverCrops:
• Suppressweeds• Conservewater-bynotleavingabaresurfaceopentothesun,windetc.TaketheEoutofET.
• ImprovedcropproducFon.Manyfarmersreportincreasedyieldstheyearfollowingacovercrop.
• Improvedwaterquality-especiallytrueinsloppedareas.Reducedrunoffintostreamsandrivers.
But,itstooBlastedColdinIdahoforCoverCrops!
RadishandAustrianWinterPeacovercropSaintAnthony,ID-Fallof2015Plantedinmid-AugustaperWinterWheat PicturetakeninlateOctober
CoverCropBonnevilleCounty2015.MixofTriCcaleandRadishwithvolunteerBarley.
CoverCropMadisonCounty2015Radish,Turnip,Vetch
PlantedAugust20th,aperBarleypicturestakenlateOctober.Wateredtwicewithpivot
NorthOfTremonton,Utah
PictureTaken9/22/2015 PictureTaken10/16/2015
WhatthingschangewhenSoilHealthImproves?
• WaterinfiltraConimproves• Soilaggregatesformandarenotdestroyed
• Soilfoodwebincreasesanddiversifies• Soilfungiandearthwormsincrease
SoilHealthPlanningPrinciples
• LeastAmountOfMechanicalDisturbancePossible
• ArmorOnTheSoilSurface• PlantDiversity• LivingRootAsLongAsPossible• IntegraConOfLivestockOnCropland Goal:Tocreatethemostfavorablehabitatpossibleforthesoilfoodweb
Soundsgreatbutwhatisitgoingtocostme?
CostofCommonSeedMixesSpecies lbs./acre
AustrianWinterPea 8.6
hairyVetch 3.4
Radish 1.4
Turnip 1
Rapeseed 1
Totalslbs./acre 15.4
ThisMixwouldcostintheneighborhoodof$25/acre.
Species lbs/acre
AustrianWinterPea 18
Radish 6
Totallbs./acre 24
ThisMixwouldcostintheneighborhoodof$30/acre.
CostofCommonSeedMixes
Species lbs/acre
WinterTriCcale 39
radish 4
Totallbs/acre 43
ThisMixwouldcostintheneighborhoodof$25/acre.
NRCSPayment
• $74peracreformulC-spicescovercropforsoilhealth.
• $58peracresforcovercropplantedtoreduceerosion(CheaperSeed)
QuesCons
LocalNRCSOffices
County Number
BonnevilleCounty 522-6250
BinghamCounty 785-6505
BannockCounty 237-4628
Jefferson/ClarkCounFes 745-6664
MadisonCounty 356-3218
BuLeCounty 527-8557
FremontCounty 624-3341
AaronDallingPocatelloAreaOffice237-4628ext118aaron.dalling@id.usda.gov