COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABI for

Ph.D (Water Engineering & Management)

Centre for Water Engineering and Management Central University of Jharkhand

Brambe, Ranchi

16 credits are required minimum coursework for Ph.D. students. The academic curriculum

includes courses from both major and supporting academic areas. Ph.D. students work

closely with their academic advisor to ensure coursework requirements are met.

Major/Core Courses

Research Methodology 4 cr

Land and Water Engg. and Management 4 cr

Seminar – I 1 cr

Seminar – II 1 cr

Minor/Supplementary courses

Elective I 3 cr

Elective II 3 cr

Total

credits

16 cr

Research Methodology Credits 4 ( 3 1 0)

UNIT I

Objectives, types, and process of research; research methodology in management-

exploratory, descriptive, experimental, diagnostic;

UNIT II

Problem formulation; Scales of measurement; Primary and secondary data; Sampling, Types

of sampling - Probability and non-probability sampling techniques, sample size

determination, sampling and non-sampling errors.

UNIT III

Role and uses of quantitative techniques in engineering, Use of Equations, Use of

Determinants and Matrices in engineering,

UNIT IV

Frequency Distribution, Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Variation, Skewness

and Kurtosis, Simple, partial, and multiple correlation, rank correlation, simple and multiple

regression,

UNIT V

Discriminate and dummy variable analysis, Index Numbers, Hypothesis testing, ANOVA,

Factor analysis, cluster analysis; Report writing

TEXT BOOKS

Research Methodology. R. Panneerselvam. 2004. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. C. R. Kothari. 2004. New Age

International.

Practical Research Methods: A User-friendly Guide to Mastering Research Techniques and

Projects, Catherine Dawson. 2002. How To Books Ltd.

Land & Water Engineering and Management Credit 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Rainfall-runoff-infiltration interactions, Rainfall erosivity indices and calculations, Runoff

measurements and calculations, Peak discharges. Soil Erosion: Types and processes, Factors

affecting water and wind erosion, Soil erodibility, Soil loss measurements and calculations

UNIT-II

Conservation tillage, Terrace design, layout and construction, Gully/stream bank

stabilization, Open channels and drainage systems/structures, Drainage for runoff diversion

and salinity control, Land reclamation and improvement

UNIT-III

Water quantity/quality assessment and management, Water conservation measures, Water-

harvesting structures, Reduction of water losses

UNIT-IV

Land cover management, Farming systems, Soil management, Landscape management,

Afforestation, Watershed-related problems and opportunities

UNIT-V

Soil-Conservation Strategies: Concept of land husbandry, Field-level and watershed-level

strategies. Indigenous technologies, Soil Erosion Modeling and Soil-Conservation Research

TEXT BOOKS:

1. FAO Soils Bulletin No. 68 (1993): Field Measurement of Soil Erosion and Runoff,

Hudson, N.W (Ed.) FAO, Rome.

2. Hudson, N.W. (1992): Soil Conservation, B. T. Batsford, London, UK

3. Hudson, N.W. (1992): Land Husbandry, BT Batsford, London, UK

4. Lal, R. (Editor) (1994):Soil Erosion Research Methods, Soil and Water Conservation

Society Ankeny, USA

5. Morgan, R.P.C. (1995): Soil Erosion and Conservation, 2nd Ed. Longmam Scientific

and Technical, Burnt Hill, UK.

6. Pierce, F.J. and Frye, W. W. (1998): Advances in Soil and Water Conservation, Ann

Arbor Press, Michigan.

7. Schwab, G. O., Fangmeier, D. D., Elliot, W. J. and Frevert, R. K. (1993): Soil and

Water Conservation Engineering, 4th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA

8. Ward, A.D., and Elliot, W. J. (1995): Environmental Hydrology, CRC Press Inc. Boca

Raton, Florida

Statistical Analysis Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT I

Hypothesis Testing: Binomial, Poisson, Negative binomial, Normal distributions and their

applications. Concept of sampling distribution: t, 2 and F distributions. Tests of significance

based on normal, t, 2 and F distributions.

UNIT II

Theory of estimation and confidence-intervals. Correlation and regression. Simple and

multiple linear regression model. Estimation of parameters. Predicted values and residuals.

Correlation, partial correlation coefficient, multiple correlation coefficient, rank correlation.

Test of significance of correlation coefficient. Coefficient of determination. Polynomial

regression models and their fitting. Selection of variables. Validation of models. Probit

regression analysis by least squares and maximum likelihood methods. Confidence interval

for sensitivity. Testing for heterogeneity.

UNIT III

Planning of an experiment and basic principles of design of experiments. Analysis of

variance (ANOVA) Completely randomized design (CRD), Randomized complete block

design (RCBD), Latin square design (LSD). Randomization procedure, analysis and

interpretation of results. Concept of factorial experiments.

UNIT IV

Introduction to multivariate analytical tools: dimension reduction techniques (Principal

Component Analysis), cluster and discriminant function analysis.

Suggested Readings

1. Anderson, T.W. 1958. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis. John

Wiley.

2. Campbell, R.A. 1974. Statistics for Biologists. Cambridge University Press.

3. Dillon, W.R. and Goldstein, M. 1984. Multivariate Analysis: Methods and

Applications. John Wiley.

4. Electronic Statistics Text Book: http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stathome.html.

5. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. 1977. An Outline of Statistical Theory.

Vol. I. The World Press Pvt. Ltd.

6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. 1983. Fundamentals of Statistics. Vol. I.

The World Press Pvt. Ltd.,

7. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. 2007. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan

Chand and Sons.

8. Hoel, P.G. 1971. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. John Wiley.

9. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, T.T. 1978. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. Macmillan.

10. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. 1936. Statistical Methods. Oxford University.

Water Resources Planning and Management Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Introduction, System components, Planning and management, Concept of a system,

Advantages and limitations of systems approach, Modeling of Water Resources Systems,

Simulation and optimization, Economics in water resources, Challenges in water sector

UNIT-II

Estimation of future water demands, water requirement for irrigation and municipal water

use, Estimation of water yield using flow duration curve, reservoir losses, evaporation,

seepage, leakage, sensitivity of reservoir storage to inflow statistics, reservoir capacity

computation, mass curve, sequent peak algorithm. Reservoir sizing and Reservoir operation

using LP

UNIT-III

Introduction, multistage decision problem, Recursive Equations, Principle of optimality,

Discrete DP, Curse of Dimensionality, Water allocation problem, Capacity expansion

problem, Reservoir operation, Multipurpose reservoir operation, Non-inferior solutions,

Trade-off analysis, Pareto optimal solutions, Multipurpose reservoir operation, Weighted and

constraint methods,

UNIT-IV

Introduction, River basin simulation, Reservoir operation, simulation, Performance

evaluation, Reliability, Resiliency and Vulnerability, Some simulation models.Water

Resources Systems Modeling: River basin planning and management, Water distribution

systems, Groundwater systems, Water quality modeling, Floodplain management, Urban

storm water management, Advanced Topics Fuzzy optimization, Genetic algorithms, Multi

criteria decision making, Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Loucks D.P, Stedinger J.R and Haith D.A, ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and

Analysis’, Prentice Hall, USA, 1981.

2. Mays L.W and Tung Y-K, ‘Hydrosystems Engineering and Management’, McGraw

Hill, USA, 1992.

3. Vedula S. and Mujumdar P.P., ‘Water Resources Systems: Modelling Techniques and

Analysis’, Tata-McGraw Hill, 2005.

4. Jain S.K. and Singh V.P., ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and Management’,

Elsevier, The Netherlands, 2003.

5. Loucks D.P. and van Beek E., ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and Management’,

UNESCO Publishing, The Netherlands, 2005.

6. Chaturvedi, M.C., ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and Management’, Tata

McGraw - Hill, India, 1992.

WATER RESOURCES ECONOMICS Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Principles of economic planning and decision making,

UNIT-II

Price theory and resource allocation-Project Optimality conditions, cost- benefit studies, role

of benefit-cost parameter in project selection

UNIT-III

Economic feasibility tests, Involvement of risk and other variables, tangible and intangible

benefits; Cost-benefit studies of single and multipurpose water resources projects;

UNIT-IV

Economic planning: Capacity expansion and project scheduling, multi-objective planning

models, international developments on water transfer, preparation of feasibility reports.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Goodman, A.S., Principles of Water Resources Planning, Prentice Hall Inc., New

Jercy, 1984.

2. James, L.D. and Lee, R.R., Economics of Water Resources Planning, Mc Graw Hill,

Inc., 1971

Planning and Development of Hydropower Credits 3 (2 1 0)

Unit I

Water Power Development: Investigation of Sites in relation to Water Power – studies

involving Pondage, Storage and Output Hydrograph; Mass curve; Flow duration curve

Market requirements and Load studies; Load factor; Load duration curve

Unit II

Types of Hydro Plants, Design, Layout and Construction of Masonry Gravity and Arch Dams

including Overflow and Non-overflow Structures, Earth embankment Dams – general

principles of Design, Silting of Reservoirs and Effect on Power Development

Unit III

Selection of Hydraulic Prime Movers; Arrangement of Plant, Powerhouse sub-structure;

Equipment for Powerhouse Plant, Accessories; Elementary theory of Speed and Power

Regulation

Unit IV

Different types of Transmission Lines; Operation of Hydro Plants; Cost and Value of Power;

Example of Water Power development studies

TEXT BOOKS

Justin and Creager : Hydroelectric Handbook

Justin Joel D., Creager William P. and HINDS Julian : Engineering for Dams (3 Volumes)

Doland : Hydro-electric Engineering

Gathrie Brown: Hydro-electric Engineering Practice

Davies C. V: Handbook of Applied Hydraulics

Barrows: Water Power Engineering

WASTEWATER ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Wastewater Quantity Estimation, Variation in quantity of wastewater; Wastewater Collection

Systems: Sanitary, storm and combined sewerage systems, Quantities of sanitary wastes and

storm water, Design and analysis of wastewater conveyance system

UNIT-II

Wastewater Treatment headworks and preliminary treatments: Philosophy of treatment; Unit

operations and processes; Physical, chemical and biological methods; Domestic Wastewater

Treatment: Wastewater characteristics; Wastewater Treatment: Design of pre-treatment,

secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment, disposal systems, Wastewater disposal standards.

Physical Unit Processes: Screening; Commutation; Grit Removal; Equilization;

Sedimentation.

UNIT-III

Wastewater Microbiology: Microbial ecology and Growth kinetics; Types of

microorganisms; aerobic vs. anaerobic processes; Biological Unit Processes: Aerobic

treatment; Suspended growth biological process; Processes for BOD removal and

nitrification, denitrification, process of phosphorus removal, Biological treatment with

membrane separation, Suspended growth design principles and practices.

UNIT-IV

Secondary treatment by attached growth and hybrid biological processes, Secondary setting,

disinfection and postaeration. Tertiary treatment: chemical precipitation of phosphorus,

granular filtration, membrane filtration, carbon adsorption.

UNIT-V

Wastewater plant residuals management: sludge handling alternatives, sources and

characterization of solids and biosolids, management of solids, aerobic and anaerobic

digestion, sludge conditioning, dewatering, alternative disposal techniques, land application

of biosolids. Wastewater utilization and reuse.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Sewage Disposal and Air pollution Engineering by S.K. Garg, (Environmental Engg.

Vol- II), Khanna publishers, New Delhi (2010).

2. Water and Wastewater Engineering : Design principles and practices by Mackenzie

L.Devis, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.

3. Environmental Engineering by Howard S. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe and George

Tchobanoglous, Mc Graw-Hill International Editions, New York (1985)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Water and Waste water Technology, Mark. J Hammer and Mark. J Hammer, Eastern

Economy Edition, PHI-Learning, New Delhi (2008)

2. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal & Reuse by Met Calf & Eddy, Tata

McGraw –Hill publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Environmental Engineering by Davis Cornvel, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

(2000)

4. Water and waste water Engineering by G.M. Fair, J.C. Geyer, and Okum, John Wiley

& Sons, New York (1998)

5. Waste water Engineering by M.N Raoand A.K Dutta,, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

Ltd. (2000)

GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION: Ground water utilization & historical background, ground water in

hydrologic cycle, ground water budget, ground water level fluctuations & environmental

influence, literature/ data/ internet resources.

OCCURRENCE AND MOVEMENT OF GROUND WATER: Origin & age of ground

water, rock properties affecting groundwater, groundwater column, zones of aeration &

saturation, aquifers and their characteristics/classification, groundwater basins & springs.

Darcy's Law, permeability & its determination, Dupuit assumptions, heterogeneity &

anisotropy, Ground water flow rates & flow directions, general flow equations through

porous media.

UNIT-II

ADVANCED WELL HYDRAULICS: Steady/ unsteady, uniform/ radial flow to a well in a

confined/ unconfined /leaky aquifer, well flow near aquifer boundaries/ for special

conditions. Partially penetrating/horizontal wells & multiple well systems, well completion/

development/ protection/ rehabilitation/ testing for yield.

UNIT-III

POLLUTION AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER: Municipal /industrial

/agricultural /miscellaneous sources & causes of pollution, attenuation/ underground

distribution / potential evaluation of pollution. Physical /chemical /biological analysis of

ground water quality, criteria & measures of ground water quality, ground water salinity &

samples, graphical representations of ground water quality.

SURFACE/ SUB-SURFACE INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER:Geological

/geophysical exploration/ remote sensing / electric resistivity /seismic refraction based

methods for surface investigation of ground water, test drilling & ground water level

measurement. Sub-surface ground water investigation though geophysical / resistivity

/spontaneous potential /radiation / temperature / caliper / fluid conductivity / fluid velocity

/miscellaneous logging

UNIT-IV

MODELING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER: Ground water modeling

through porous media /analog / electric analog / digital computer models. Ground water basin

management concept, hydrologic equilibrium equation, ground water basin investigations,

data collection & field work, dynamic equilibrium in natural aquifers. Management potential

& safe yield of aquifers, stream-aquifer interaction

TEXT BOOKS:

1. D. K. Todd and L. F. Mays, "Groundwater Hydrology", John Wiley and sons.

2. K. R. Karanth, "Hydrogeology", TataMcGraw Hill Publishing Company.

3. S. Ramakrishnan, "Ground water", S. Ramakrishnan.

Geomatics in Water Resources Planning and Management Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Physics of remote sensing: Electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric effects, energy interaction

with earth surface features.

UNIT-II

Introduction, history of remote sensing, sensors, Photographic camera, scanners, earth

resources satellites, active and passive microwave sensors

UNIT-III

Image interpretation virtual and digital; Image rectification, image enhancement, image

classification and accuracy assessment, use of image processing software.

UNIT-IV

Geographical information system (GIS), definition, essential components of GIS, spatial data

structure- raster and vector, spatial and non-spatial relationship, geographic database concepts

and analysis, GIS packages and salient features.

UNIT-V

Use of remote sensing and GIS techniques in agriculture, vegetation cover mapping, crop

acreage estimation and disease detection. Application of remote sensing and GIS for

estimation of surface and groundwater irrigation potential, erosion hazard assessment, water

quality assessment, flood inundation mapping and modeling; Drought monitoring;

performance evaluation of irrigation commands; Selection of site for artificial recharge,

agricultural management and planning.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Colwell, R.N. (ed.), Manual of remote sensing, American Society of Photogrammetry

and Remote sensing, falls Church, VA, Sheridan Press, 1983.

2. Farsworth, R.K., Bawetl, E.C. & Dhanju, M.S., Application of remote sensing to

hydrology including groundwater, IHP, UNESCO, 1984.

3. Lillesand, T.M. and Kieffer, Remote sensing and image interpretation, Joh Wiley and

Sons, New York, 1987.

4. Meijerink, AMJ., De Brouner H.A.M., Mannerts, C.M. and Valenguala, C.,

Introduction to the use of geographic information system for practical hydrology,

ITC, Netherlands, 1994.

Modern Methods of Irrigation Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Introduction to micro irrigation systems, Sprinkler irrigation: an overview, types of systems,

system components, design objective, uniformity, Adequacy and efficiency of application

UNIT-II

Design of different types of sprinklers; Design of main, submain pipelines, laterals, laterals

with two pipe sizes manifold; Design of traveler sprinkler system, layout, hose selection, gun

sprinklers; Pump and power unit selection

UNIT-III

An introduction of trickle or drip irrigation, overview of types of system, various components

of trickle systems, clogging and filtration, system flushing and maintenance.

UNIT-IV

Trickle / drip irrigation planning factors, emitter selection and design criteria, Trickle system

design strategy and trickle lateral design.

UNIT-V

Trickle manifold design, trickle system design synthesis and pressurized irrigation system

selection. Performance evaluation of emission devices;

UNIT – VI

Salt movement under drip irrigation system; Automation of drip irrigation; Economic

feasibility of irrigation systems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Benami, A. and Often, A. 1983. Irrigation Engineering, Haifa Israel: Irrigation

Engineering Scientific

2. Cuenca, R.H. 1989. Irrigation System Design, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:

Princeton Hall.

3. Hillel, D. (Editor). 1982. Advances in Irrigation, New York. Academic Press.

4. Keller, J. and Bliesner, Ron D. 1990. Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation.

5. Michael, A.M. 1978. Irrigation Theory and Practices, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing

House.

6. Singh, A. 2012. Introduction to drip irrigation,

Open Channel Hydraulics Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT I

Introduction: Basic concepts of free surface flows, channel geometry, Kinds of open channel

flow, velocity and pressure distribution, mass, energy and momentum principle, energy-depth

relations: critical flow, critical depth, concept of specific energy, Computer Assisted

Calculations. Hydraulic Jump.

UNIT – II

Uniform Flow: Standard equations, velocity measurement, Manning’s and Chezy’ s formula,

determination of roughness coefficients, determination of normal depth and velocity,

hydraulically efficient channel sections, compound sections.

UNIT-III

Gradually Varied Flow: Equation of gradually varied flow and its limitations, flow

classification and surface profiles, Control sections, Computation methods and analysis:

Integration of varied flow equation by analytical, graphical and advanced numerical methods,

Transitions of subcritical and supercritical flow, flow in curved channels.

UNIT-VI

Three – Dimensional CFD Modeling for Open Channel Flows: Introduction, Governing

equation, Discretization of the Governing equations, boundary conditions, case study.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Chow, V.T., Open Channel Hydraulics. Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Ranga Raju, K.G., Flow through Open Channels.

3. Subramanya, K., Flow in open channels, Tata McGraw Hill.

4. Sturm W. Terry, Open Channel Hydraulics, Tata McGraw Hill

Advanced River Engineering Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT I

Introduction to river Engineering, Stages of river, meanders, river training. Sediment

Transport Processes: Incipient motion of sediment particles; Regimes of flow; Resistance to

flow and velocity distribution in alluvial streams; transport of bed, suspended and total load.

UNIT II

River Morphology: Plan form variations and river channel pattern; Meandering and braided

stream characteristics; River equilibrium, river dynamics and adjustments to stream power.

UNIT III

River Training Techniques: Principles of Stabilization and rectification of rivers, river bank

stability analysis, spur / groyne, stream bank armouring, guide banks, submerged vanes,

porcupine and jack jetty systems, gabions; Bandalling, surface and bottom panels.

Inland Navigation Channel Development: Fairway dimensions and maintenance,

canalization, navigation locks and terminals.

UNIT IV

River Models: Mathematical modelling - types, mathematical formulation, numerical

procedures, calibration and validation;

Scale modelling – types, principles of similitude and dimensional analysis, model

verification, limitations.

UNIT V

Flood Management: Flood control planning, flood plain zoning and other non – structural

measures, use of satellite imagery and toposheets for DEM generation for flood plain zone

mapping.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Chow, V.T. (1959). Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, USA , 680 pages

[ISBN 07-010776-9]

2. Garde, R.J., Raju, K.G.R. (1985). Mechanics of Sediment

3. Yang, C.T. (1996). Sediment Transport: Theory and Practice. McGraw-Hill, USA,

396 pages [ISBN 0-07-912265-5]

4. Garde, R.J., Raju, K.G.R. (1985). Mechanics of Sediment Transportation and

Alluvial Stream Problems. (2nd edition) Wiley Eastern Ltd., 618 pages [ISBN 0-

85226-306-6]

5. Ashworth, P., Bennett, S., Best, J., McLelland, S. eds. (1996). Coherent Flow

Structures in Open Channels. John Wiley and Sons, 754 pages [ISBN 0-471-

95723-2]

Watershed Management Technique Credits 3(2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Watershed concept, Identification and characterization of watersheds. Hydrological and

geomorphological characteristics of watersheds. Analysis of watershed, Coding of watershed,

Land capability classification and soil maps.

UNIT-II

Watershed erosion processes and its prevention; instrumentation and measurement of

watershed management indicators. Mechanical and vegetative interventions for prevention of

erosion and moisture conservation in watersheds; water quality issues in watersheds; optimal

land use planning in watersheds. Management of saline and alkaline soils

UNIT-III

Use of GPS, GIS, RS and Decision Support Systems (DSS) in watershed management;

technologies for rain-fed farming; socio-economic evaluation of the watershed management

projects. Development of watershed management plans, its feasibility and economic

evaluation

UNIT-IV

Formulation of project proposal for watershed management works, Indigenous technical

knowledge (ITKs) in watershed management; watershed associations and groups in villages

of India; Government policies, acts and schemes on watershed management

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Tideman, EM. 1996. Watershed Management. Omega Scientific Publ.

2. Das, Ghanshyam 2009. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering. PHI Learning

Private Limited.

3. Hall, W.A. and Dracup, J.A., Water resources systems engineering, Mc Graw Hill,

1970.

4. Hexem, R.W. and Heady E.O., Water production functions for irrigated agriculture,

Iowa State University Press, 1978.

5. James, L.D. & Robert, R. L., Economics of Water Resources Planning

6. Lee, S.M., Linear optimization for management, Petrocelli/ Charter, New York, 1976.

Isobel W Heathcote. 1998. Integrated Watershed Management: Principles and

Practice. Wiley Publ.

7. Kenneth N Brooks, Peter F Folliott, Hans M Gregersen, Leonard F DeBano. 1991.

Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds. Wiley-Blackwell

Climate Change and Its Impact on Water Resources Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT I

Introduction to weather and climate: Impact of climate on environment, earth, its atmospheric

cycle and its relation with climate; Basic concepts of atmospheric dynamics, ocean dynamics,

cloud physics, radiative heat transfer and climate, Green house gas and climate change

UNIT II

Past, Present and future climate changes., monsoon circulation, paleo-climatic approaches to

the reconstruction of monsoon circulation, emphasis on Indian monsoon, El-Nino, La-

Lina, IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole), NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), Arctic Oscillation,

Indian Summer Monsoon. Precipitation and temperature change due to climate variations.

UNIT III

Water bodies on the earth and their variations due to change of climate, Relations among

climate, vegetation and water, Ecological effect on freshwater systems- surface water, ground

water and glaciers; Agriculture; Marine environment; causes, human dimension- impact of

human settlement and infrastructure.

UNIT IV

Analysis for climatic change assessment, statistical analysis of long-term meteorological and

hydrological data; Trend analysis,Available climatic models such as GCM; Downscaling of

GCM to regional/local scales

UNIT V

Mitigation- Policy, regulation, economics, benefits and costs of mitigating climate change,

international cooperation.

TEST-BOOKS

1. Berry I.A. (Ed), Handbook of meteorology, Mc Graw Hill, NewYork, 1973.

2. Patterson, Dynamic meteorology and weather forecasting.

Flood Protection in lowland areas Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT I

Integrated lowland development and management planning

UNIT II

Low land catchment

River Restoration and flood protection

UNIT III

Flood vulnerability and Quantitative risk analysis of urban lowland area

UNIT IV

Lowland river terraces; Protecting and restoring natural character of watercourse and

wetlands; integrated flood storages and Landscape Restoration Scheme.

UNIT V

Damming tidal estuaries and low land rivers – probable maximum flood for lowland

UNIT VI

Natural disaster reduction in coastal lowland area: Shore land Hazard – Ocean Flooding.

UNIT VII

Hydraulic impact and performance of Lowland Rehabilitation

National flood insurance scheme.

Suggested Readings.

Resilience and flood risk management. A systems approach applied to lowland rivers. De

Bruijn, K.M. 2005. Delft University Press.

Quantitative risk analysis of urban flooding in lowland areas by Proefschrift, 1996.

Gildeprint Drukkerijen - Enschede, the Netherlands

Water Pollution and Control Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Definition: pure water, wholesome water, potable water, polluted water, effluent, Water

quality: sources and impacts of impurities, classification of water quality parameter

Standards: drinking water quality standards, effluent disposal standards, Surface water,

pollution: sources, Effects of Surface water pollution: physico-chemical, biological, toxic and

pathological, Ground water pollution: sources & effects, Consequences of overusing of

surface water & ground water.

Human impact on water resources : eutrophication, acidification, organic pollution, metal

speciation. Natural processes which will affect the composition of waters (weathering,

sedimentation, absorption, evaporation).

UNIT-II

Water Pollution control: Unit operations & unit processes, Primary treatment, secondary

treatment, advanced and tertiary Treatment, Water treatment units: Screens: principle,

classifications & design, considerations, Rapid mixers & flocculators: principle, types &

design considerations, Coagulation: Colloids, Characteristics of Colloids, Coagulation

Chemistry (Alum), types of coagulants, Sedimentation: principle, application, types of

sedimentation tank & design considerations, Filtration: principle, working, & design

considerations.

UNIT-III

Wastewater treatment units: Screens: principle, classifications & design considerations, Grit

chambers: principle, classifications & design considerations, Equalization tank: principle &

design considerations, Biological treatment: Aerobic treatment, Suspended growth: principle,

types of treatment(conventional, activated sludge process), Attached growth: principle, types

of treatment[trickling filter & Rotating Biological Contractor(RBC)], Anaerobic treatment,

Basics of anaerobic treatment, Classification of anaerobic reactors, Special water &

wastewater treatment: Softening: principle & application, Disinfection: principle &

application, Adsorption: principle & application.

UNIT-IV

Thermal pollution: Sources of thermal pollution, Effects of discharge of heat, Side effects of

thermal pollution, Measure of thermal pollution, Impacts of heat on living organisms,

Prevention & control of thermal pollution.

Oil pollution: Sources & consequences, Control of oil pollution

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Water and Wastewater Engineering : Design principles and practices by Mackenzie

L.Devis, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.

2. Water Supply Engineering by S.K. Garg, (Environmental Engg. Vol- I), Khanna

publishers, New Delhi (2010)

3. Environmental Engineering by Howard S. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe and George

Tchobanoglous, Mc Graw-Hill International Editions, NewYork (1985)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Water and Waste water Technology, Mark. J Hammer and Mark. J Hammer, Eastern

Economy Edition, PHI-Learning, New Delhi (2008)

2. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal & Reuse by Met Calf & Eddy, Tata

McGraw –Hill publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Environmental Engineering by Davis Cornvel, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

(2000)

4. Water and waste water Engineering by G.M. Fair, J.C. Geyer, and Okum, John Wiley

& Sons, New York (1998)

5. Waste water Engineering by M.N Raoand A.K Dutta,, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

Ltd. (2000)

6. Water Pollution : Causes, Effects and Control by Goel, P.K., New Age International;

ISBN : 978-81-224-1839-2

Flood Forecasting and Disaster Management Credits 3 (2 1 0)

UNIT I

Definition of flood and flood index, Annual and inter annual variations of flood, Precipitation

pattern over the country. Indian Monsoons, agriculture and flood. Theory of flash flood

events

UNIT II

Flood Forecasting: Travel time, correlation, telemetry, gage and discharge forecasting. Flood

Management and Remote Sensing Applications: Flood control planning, Structural and non-

structural flood management measures. Flood plain mapping and zoning, use of satellite

imageries and topo-sheets for DEM generation for flood plain zone mapping.

UNIT III

Flood analysis, Flood routing in channels and reservoirs, Urban flooding and Management,

Use of SWMM modeling, River flooding-causes. Real-time flood warning and flood

forecasting, use of data driven models

Numerical models of flood propagation. HEC-RAS model, Economics of flood protection,

socio-political response of flood and flood protection

UNIT IV

Disaster management:, Disaster preparedness, decision making, Disaster mitigation measures,

Physical characteristics, geographic distribution, impact, response, and mitigation of natural

hazards such as earthquakes- tsunamis, volcanoes, tropical cyclones, floods, drought,

desertification, and deforestation. Risk analysis, Management for handling emergency

supplies and services, Disaster-response planning: roles and responsibilities, initial

emergency operations, emergency operations, emergency operations support and

management, and recovery and rehabilitation

TEXT BOOKS

1. Anderson, M.C., Burt, T.P. , 'Manual on flood forecasting', New Delhi, 1985.

2. Central Water Commission, 'Hydrological forecasting', John Willy and Sons, 1989.

3. WMO, 'Automatic collection and transmission of hydrological observations', Operational

Hydrology report no. 2, Geneva, Switzerland, 1973

Applied Hydrology Credits 3(2 1 0)

UNIT-I

Acquisition and Processing of Water Resources Data: Types of Water resources data, Data

Validation Acquisition and Processing of Meteorological and Hydrological Data,

Precipitation, Pan Evaporation, Temperature and Humidity, Wind speed, sunshine, Stream

Flow Data, Water quality data, Physical, chemical, biological and sediment data

UNIT-II

Parameter Estimation: Method of Moments for continuous and discrete system, Method of L-

moments, Method of Least Squares, Linear Regression: Goodness of regression, Multiple

Linear Regressions: Estimation of Regression Coefficients, Inference on regression

coefficients

UNIT-III

Frequency Analysis: Graphical Method, Analytical approach, normal, log normal, Pearson,

Log Pearson and Gumbel Distribution, Stream Flow Forecasting

UNIT-IV

Hydrographs: Base flow separation methods, direct runoff hydrographs, unit hydrographs,

synthetic unit hydrographs, dimensionless unit hydrographs, conceptual instantaneous unit

hydrographs (IUHs),

UNIT-V

Hydrologic System, Application of physical laws to fluid systems, Intrinsic and extrinsic

properties of fluid, Reynolds Transport Theorem, Continuity equation for watershed,

conceptual and dynamic models of runoff hydrograph: system models, Linear, non-linear and

time variance systems, properties and relationship in discrete units, conceptual models, Nash

model, determination of equations of moment, dynamic models.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Das, Ghanshyam 2009. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering. PHI Learning

Private Limited.

2. Cunnane, C. Statistical distributions for flood frequency analysis, Operational

Hydrology report no. 33, world Meteorological organisation, Geneva, 1989.

3. Kottegoda, N.T., Stochastic water resources technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1980.

4. Salas, J.D., Delleur, J.W., Yevjevich, V. and Lane W.L., Applied modeling of

hydrologic time series, Water Resources Publications, Fort Collins, 1980.

5. Jain, S.K and Singh V P “Water Resources System Planning and Management”,

Elsevier

Water Law, Policies and Auditing Credits 3(2 1 0)

UNIT I

Water Law in India; An overview of water law in India - evolution of water law, key features

of water law, evolving water law and policy, water sector reforms, water law reforms, the

mosaic of water law.

UNIT II

National and International Framework for Water Law; Basic structure of water law -

International water law documents directly relevant in India, human right to water. Basic

topics of water law, including the fundamental right to water and the basic constitutional

scheme for determining the jurisdiction over water, from the local to the national level. Basic

principles and concepts of water law.

UNIT III

Government policies documents for drinking water in general and rural water supply. Policies

for urban drinking water supply and details of existing legislation as well as policy

documents proposing a new framework for water supply, to include a focus on cost recovery

and the involvement of the private sector.

UNIT IV

Water policy for Irrigation, decentralization and participation in irrigation management, and

the policy measures proposed to establish water user associations. National level initiatives

for regulation of groundwater, State groundwater laws and rainwater harvesting.

TEXT BOOKS

Water Law in Inda- An Introduction to Legal Instruments. 2011. Philippe Cullet and Sujith

Koonan Print ISBN-13: 9780198070818, Published to Oxford Scholarship Online:

September 2012