Course Overview/Design Project - University Of …spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/academics/483F17/483F17L01.intro/483F17L01...• Learn the basic tools and techniques of systems analysis and

Course Introduction/Team Projects ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Course Overview/Design Project

• Lecture #01 – August 29, 2017 • Course Overview

– Goals – Web-based Content – Syllabus – Policies

• 2017/18 Design Projects

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© 2017 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu



Contact Information

Dr. Dave Akin Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility/Room 2100D 301-405-1138 [email protected] http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu Dr. Andrew Becnel Manufacturing Building/Room 1117 301-405-1931 [email protected] Phil Kirk (TA)

Manufacturing Building/Room 1151 (TuTh 1-2) [email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]?subject=



Goals of ENAE 483/484 (and 788D)• Learn the basic tools and techniques of systems

analysis and space vehicle design • Develop individual skills in computer-aided design

and engineering communications • Understand the open-ended and iterative nature of

the design process • Simulate the cooperative group engineering

environment of the aerospace profession • Develop experience and skill sets for working in

teams • Perform and document professional-quality

systems design of focused space mission concepts

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Outline of Space Systems• ENAE 483/788D (Fall)

– Lecture style, problem sets and quizzes – Design as a discipline – Disciplinary subjects not contained in curriculum – Engineering graphics – Small design teams and projects

• ENAE 484 (Spring) – Single group design project – Externally imposed matrix organization – Engineering presentations – Group dynamics – Peer evaluations

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Additional Features of the Class

• Emphasize project content – Start 484 project at beginning of 483 – Build teams for spring term in the fall – Add specific lectures for project specialties – Provide opportunities for both experimentalists and

theoreticians

• “Design/Build/Test/Evaluate” – Space equivalent to “design/build/fly” for aero side – Parallels mission-level design activities – Major system(s) relevant to national programs

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Web-based Course Content• Data web site at http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

– Syllabus and course information – Lecture notes – Problems and solutions

• DETS site at https://myelms.umd.edu/ – Lecture videos (download or stream)

• Collaboration sites at Slack – https://enae483fall2017.slack.com/messages/general/

• Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design at http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/akins_laws.html

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http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

https://myelms.umd.edu/

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/akins_laws.html



Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #1

Engineering is done with numbers. Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

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http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/akins_laws.html




There is never a single right solution. There are always multiple wrong ones, though.

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Design is an iterative process. The necessary number of iterations is one more than the number you have currently done. This is true at any point in time.

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Course Content Overview• Fundamentals of Spacecraft Design

- Principles and tools of Systems Engineering - Vehicle-level design - Systems-level estimation

• Component Detailed Design - Crew Systems - Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms - Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Analysis - Avionics and Software

• Team Projects

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Content 1: Fundamentals of Space Systems

• Systems Engineering • Space Environment • Orbital Mechanics • Engineering Graphics • Engineering Economics • Design Case Studies

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Content 2: Vehicle/System-Level Design

• Rocket Performance • Parametric Analysis • Cost Estimation • Reliability and Redundancy • Confidence, Risk, and Resiliency • Mass Estimating Relations • Resource Budgeting

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Content 3: Component-Level Design

• Crew Systems – Space Physiology – Human Factors and Habitability – Life Support Systems Design

• Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms – Loads Estimation – Structural Analysis – Structures and Mechanisms Design

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Content 4: Component-Level Design

• Propulsion, Power, and Thermal – Propulsion System Design – Power System Design – Thermal Design and Analysis

• Avionics Systems – Attitude Dynamics/Proximity Operations – Data Management; GN&C – Communications – Other Topics

• Case studies (e.g., last year’s project) – Special lectures for this year’s projects

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Problem Sets

• There is a problem set associated with most of the lectures

• These problem sets will form the knowledge basis for the midterm and final exams

• The material in the lectures will also be crucial for successful completion of the team projects

• There will be extra problems on some sets for students in ENAE788D

• Each problem set has a full solution set posted after the submission deadline

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Fall-Term Team Design Exercises

• There will be two (smallish) design projects over the course of the term

• These will be performed by teams of 5 students - the teams assignments will be given to you

• The results of the design exercise will be submitted as presentation slides (PowerPoint/Keynote/Open Office or equivalent, and PDF)

• Team grades will be assigned for each design exercise, including adherence to the principles of the engineering communications lecture

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Course Syllabus

• Maintained on web site (follow links or http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/academics/483F16/483F16.index.html)

• Contains links to reference material, problem sets, solution sets, team project details, etc.

• Notes and announcements will be posted at top of syllabus page as necessary

• Most classes have associated homework content; every homework has a full solution set posted after homework due date

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Grading Policies

• Grade Distribution – 20% Homework Problems – 20% Midterm Exam – 30% Team Design Exercises* – 30% Final Exam

• Late Policy – On time: Full credit – Before solutions: 70% credit – After solutions: 20% credit

* Team Grades

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A Word on Homework Submissions...

• Good methods of handing in homework – Hard copy in class (best!) – Scanned or electronic copies via e-mail (MUST put

“ENAE483” or “ENAE788D” in subject line)

• Methods that don’t work so well (for DLA) – Leaving it in my mailbox (particularly in EGR) – Leaving it in my office – Spreadsheets or .m files – Handing it to me in random locations – Handing it to Dr. Bowden

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A Word about Homework Grading

• Homework is graded via a discrete filter – ✓ for homework problems which are essentially

correct (10 pts) – ✓- for homework with significant problems (7 pts) – ✓-- for homework with major problems (4 pts) – ✓+ for homework demonstrating extra effort (12 pts) – 0 for missing homework

• A detailed solution document is posted for each problem after the due date, which you should review to ensure you understand the techniques used

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Selection of Class Projects

• Criteria - needs to be – a significant engineering challenge – of relevance to the current or future space programs – requiring the use of tools from 483 and prior classes – and of appropriate scope for this class.

• Preferable to be appropriate for entry into design competitions – External sets of requirements and deadlines – Fidelity to experience in your careers – Competition as motivation

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ENAE 484 Spring Project

• Artificial Gravity Reusable Crewed Deep Space Transport

• One of four themes for 2018 NASA Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept - Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) competition

• Will incorporate formal Preliminary Design Review (PDR), Critical Design Review (CDR) with inputs from professionals in the field

• Entire class working as a single design team • http://rascal.nianet.org

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http://rascal.nianet.org



RASC-AL Competition• Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept –

Academic Linkage (http://rascal.nianet.org) • Sponsored by advanced programs office at NASA

Langley Research Center • Up to 18 universities performing systems analysis on

topics selected by NASA • Competition in Cocoa Beach, FL in June selects best

projects - awards trips to AIAA conferences • Past competition has included MIT, Ga Tech,

Michigan, Va Tech, USC, Penn State, WVU… • Record in last 10 years: 5 first places, 4 second places

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RASC-AL Sponsor Requirements (1)• Proposed designs should be consistent with

human spacecraft requirements addressed in NASA Technical Standards 3000 and 3001 and NASA’s Human Integration Design Handbook, and the physiological countermeasures identified in NASA standards should be addressed. – 3000 and 3001 are available on https://

standards.nasa.gov (Select “NASA Technical Standards” from the left-hand navigation bar.

– HIDH is on https://www.nasa.gov/feature/human-integration-design.

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https://standards.nasa.gov/

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/human-integration-design



RASC-AL Sponsor Requirements (2)

• For all RASC-AL projects, attention should be given to: • Synergistic applications of NASA’s planned current

investments. • Unique combinations of the planned elements with

new innovative capabilities/technologies to support crewed and robotic exploration of the solar system.

• Realistic assessment of costs for technology maturation, system development, and production and operations.

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RASC-AL Evaluation Criteria (1)• Adherence to the requirements and constraints of the

selected topic and the design competition; • Synergistic application and supporting original engineering

analysis of innovative capabilities and/or new technologies for evolutionary architecture development to enable future missions, reduce cost, or improve safety;

• Technical merit and rationale of mission operations in support of an exciting and sustainable space exploration program;

• Key technologies, including technology readiness levels (TRLs), as well as the systems engineering and architectural trades that guide the recommended approach;

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RASC-AL Evaluation Criteria (2)• Reliability and human safety consideration in trading

various design options; • Realistic assessment of project plan and execution of that

plan, including a project schedule and test plan, as well as realistic development and annual operating costs (i.e., budget);

• Realistic assessment of partnering and cost sharing scenarios based upon commercial profitability and the ability of international partners to participate given their limited budgets.

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RASC-AL Program Deadlines

• Oct. 15: Notice of Intent • Jan. 21: Abstract (5 pgs.) and video (2 min) • Apr. 1: Mid-Project Review (7 pgs. of text; 2 pgs.

for additional graphics) • May 31: Technical paper (15 pgs.) and presentation

slides (30 min) upload • June 18-21: RASC-AL Forum in Cocoa Beach

• All details available on http://rascal.nianet.org

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Mid-Project Review (Sponsor)The mid-project paper should provide a narrative of the progress you have made on your concept since it was first proposed, and should demonstrate significant progress in your design and analysis. The RASC-AL Steering Committee will be looking for demonstrations of maturity of the mission concepts. The mid-project paper should be treated as a condensed version of the final 15-page technical report (due in May), reflecting the total scope planned for the final paper. All analysis results to-date (in summary form if necessary due to space limitations) should be included (leaving placeholders for analysis not yet completed). It is imperative that you apply all of the criteria, (i.e., Master Equipment List) from the theme descriptions to show your design details.

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Mid-Project Evaluation Criteria• Synergistic application of innovative capabilities and/or new

technologies for evolutionary architecture development to enable future missions, reduce cost, or improve safety (Max – 15 points)

• Sound technical / scientific analysis, evaluation and rationale of mission concept (Max – 15 points)

• Evidence of thorough and proper research conducted (Max – 15 points)

• Key findings support the envisioned approach (Max – 15 points) • Realistic preliminary budget assessments (Max – 15 points) • Realistic technology assumptions (Max – 15 points) • In-progress and future work plan is SMART (Specific,

Measurable, Attainable, Research-based, and Timely); Figures and graphics are informative and add value to the plan (Max – 10 points)

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Final Report Evaluation• Final Written Report

– Adherence to 2018 RASC-AL themes and mission objectives as stated in the themes document (Max – 10 points)

– Innovative, unique and/or synergistic advanced concepts and engineering analysis, and applications to enhance the exploration mission, architectures, capabilities, and/or technologies (Max – 15 points)

– Technical merit and rationale of mission concept; understanding of technical challenges (Max – 25 points)

– Realistic assessment of project cost/schedule (Max – 10 points) • Oral Presentation at RASC-AL Conference

– Oral presentation quality and consistency with technical paper (Max – 10 points)

– Presence of teamwork and integration (Max – 10 points) – Quality of response to questions for presentation and poster, models and

prototypes (Max – 10 points) – Attendance and engagement in all Forum activities (Max – 10 points)

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End Goal: RASC-AL Competition

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But, Closer to Home…

• Two five-person team projects in ENAE 483 – Start process of team-building for Spring – Develop material for Spring RASC-AL project

• Project 1: Crew SystemsPreliminary design of habitat module (crew systems)

• Project 2: Preliminary design of hybrid (SEP/chemical) propulsion module (power/propulsion/thermal)

• Both projects involve structures • Details to follow in upcoming class

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…and I Haven’t Forgotten ENAE 788D

• On-campus group (~5) - form single group • Off-campus perform individual project(s) • Pick one of the three RASC-AL topics other than

the habitat design • Assume you’re following the RASC-AL timeline a

term early – Midterm progress report (7 pages) – Final 15-page final report – Final 30-minute presentation

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Design/Build/Test/Evaluate

• Hardware design, fabrication, and testing can be a valuable part of the 483/484 capstone projects

• A requirement for this term is to figure out exactly what you’re building next term

• Choice is based on – Getting design data unobtainable by analysis (e.g.,

examine human mobility in low gravity) – Enabling meaningful mission simulations – Providing value for competitions

• Leverage the facilities and infrastructure of SSL

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Sample Hardware – Display Models

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Sample Hardware: Working Models

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Sample Hardware: Full-Scale Mockups

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Hardware Synergy: Space Systems Lab

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Hardware Development - Spring 2017

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Hardware Testing - Spring 2017

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UMd X-Hab 2018 Project

• Mars Transit/Surface Habitat Commonality Studies

• Supports experimental efforts to understand similarities and differences in habitat design due to gravity

• Based on underwater simulation of various gravities

• Clearly directly applicable to artificial gravity stations

• $20K funding to support experimental studies

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Experimental Studies in ENAE 483/4

• Traditionally, experimental studies are second-term (484) activities

• Would be ideal if experimental results were in time to affect 484 design efforts (before PDR in early March)

• Generally get results after CDR (late April) • Intent to put significant effort into design and

(potentially) construction of experimental hardware to ensure results are in time to improve 484 design

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Today’s Assignments• Download the linked documents on the RASC-AL theme

page (http://rascal.nianet.org/themes/) and read them • Watch the posted video clip on the design of the Apollo

Lunar Module from the episode “Spider” from the HBO mini-series “From the Earth to the Moon”

• Sign up for Slack site for this class when you get the e-mail and check out the site

• Do the assignment at the bottom of the Lecture #01 splash page.

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Not having all the information you need is never a satisfactory excuse for not starting the analysis.

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Documents

Course Overview/Design Project - University Of …spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/academics/483F17/483F17L01.intro/483F17L01...• Learn the basic tools and techniques of systems analysis and