Course Information can be found at:

JWCenglish.squarespace.com

Welcome to AP English Welcome to AP English IIIIII

Jot down the following words:Jot down the following words: ArgumentArgument ConciliatoryConciliatory PropositionProposition GainsayGainsay

As we watch, listen for the following:As we watch, listen for the following:1.1. A definition of argumentA definition of argument2.2. The use of the four aforementioned wordsThe use of the four aforementioned words3.3. The purpose of the argumentThe purpose of the argument

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQFKtI6gn9YMonty Python’s Argument Monty Python’s Argument

ClinicClinic0:00-4:240:00-4:24

According to Monty Python, an argument is “a According to Monty Python, an argument is “a connected series of statements intended to establish connected series of statements intended to establish a proposition.”a proposition.”

According to Google, an argument is “a reason, or set According to Google, an argument is “a reason, or set of reasons, given with the aim of persuading others of reasons, given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong.”that an action or idea is right or wrong.”

Simply put:Simply put:

Argument = Claim + SupportArgument = Claim + Support

This is the definition we will refer to all year. Know it This is the definition we will refer to all year. Know it well.well.

So, what is an argument?So, what is an argument?

Now, we will introduce ourselves through an argument.Now, we will introduce ourselves through an argument.

For example:For example:Some of the things that are important to me are my parents, Some of the things that are important to me are my parents, Chipotle burritos, teaching, writing, and reading. Some things that Chipotle burritos, teaching, writing, and reading. Some things that I did this past summer include taking a road trip and writing I did this past summer include taking a road trip and writing curriculum. One of my core beliefs about students is that hard curriculum. One of my core beliefs about students is that hard workers who are willing to learn will always come out ahead of workers who are willing to learn will always come out ahead of lazy, smart people.lazy, smart people.

Defendable claims (explicit or implicit) in the example above:Defendable claims (explicit or implicit) in the example above:Parents are important.Parents are important.Chipotle makes the best burritos, nay, the best food ever.Chipotle makes the best burritos, nay, the best food ever.Teaching is the best job in the world.Teaching is the best job in the world.

Are there any more claims included in the argument Are there any more claims included in the argument above?above?

On your notecard, write a short blurb that tells us about On your notecard, write a short blurb that tells us about yourself yourself and and contains at least three defendable claims.contains at least three defendable claims.

So, what is an argument?So, what is an argument?

Let’s share. First, share your blurb at your table and Let’s share. First, share your blurb at your table and introduce yourself to your group.introduce yourself to your group.

Now, stand up, tell us who you are, state one Now, stand up, tell us who you are, state one defendabledefendable claimclaim that came out of your blurb. that came out of your blurb.

When everyone introduces themselves, we will move When everyone introduces themselves, we will move on.on.

So, what is an argument?So, what is an argument?

Find the four words you wrote down yesterday Find the four words you wrote down yesterday and write their definitions:and write their definitions:

argumentargument (n.): claim + support (n.): claim + support

conciliatoryconciliatory (adj.): attempting to placate or (adj.): attempting to placate or reconcile; flexible and compromisingreconcile; flexible and compromising

propositionproposition (n.): a statement of opinion or a (n.): a statement of opinion or a proposal (In this class, the terms proposal (In this class, the terms “claim” “claim” and and “assertion” “assertion” will be used more frequently.)will be used more frequently.)

gainsay (gainsay (v.): to deny or contradict; to say v.): to deny or contradict; to say something is falsesomething is false

Warm-UpWarm-Up

LLeft Pocket: Current Project Draftseft Pocket: Current Project DraftsFFront: Syllabus, AP Rubric, Reading Lists, SSR Logront: Syllabus, AP Rubric, Reading Lists, SSR Log

Tab Tab 11: Notes/Handouts: Notes/HandoutsTab Tab 22: Philosophy: PhilosophyTab Tab 33: Non-fiction: Non-fictionTab Tab 44: Timed Writing: Timed WritingTab Tab 55: Multiple Choice: Multiple Choice

BBack: College-Ruled Paperack: College-Ruled PaperRRight Pocket: Reflection Journalsight Pocket: Reflection Journals

Binder Set-UpBinder Set-Up

The Aristotelian Triangle

SO ( )

APS

Logos: “word” or “topic”THE TEXT / MESSAGE

Consistent in message; academically focused;

thesis-based; researched and factual

Style: stuffy (e.g. textbooks)Qualities: 3rd person,

objective, formal, deductive, structured, literal

Ethos: “character”THE WRITER / SPEAKER

It is the job of the writer to sound credible and

trustworthyStyle: tough (e.g. novels,

fiction)Qualities: 1st person,

objective, informal, inductive, irony, metaphor, stream of

consciousnessPathos: “suffering”

THE READER / AUDIENCEThe speaker must know his

audience and appeal through emotion, values,

interestsStyle: sweet (e.g. advertisements)

Qualities: 3rd person, objective, formal, deductive,

structured, literal

peakerccasion

context udienc

e

urpose

ubject

6 Types of Argument 6 Types of Argument (i.e. what kind of claims you can make)(i.e. what kind of claims you can make)

1.1. Fact: Did something happen?Fact: Did something happen?

1.1. Definition: What is the nature of the subject? (Does X=Y?)Definition: What is the nature of the subject? (Does X=Y?)

1.1. Resemblance: How does the subject manifest itself? (Is X like Y?)Resemblance: How does the subject manifest itself? (Is X like Y?)

1.1. Cause/Consequence: What is the causal relationship between the Cause/Consequence: What is the causal relationship between the subject and the consequence(s)? (Does X cause Y? or Is Y a subject and the consequence(s)? (Does X cause Y? or Is Y a consequence of X?)consequence of X?)

1.1. Evaluation: What is the quality of the thing? (Is X good or bad?)Evaluation: What is the quality of the thing? (Is X good or bad?)

1.1. Proposals: What action should be taken? (Should we do X?)Proposals: What action should be taken? (Should we do X?)

Notes: Rhetoric INotes: Rhetoric I

Write a claim for each type

of argument.

WARM-UPWARM-UPAdd at least two bullet points from the Add at least two bullet points from the following to your notes on the 6 types of following to your notes on the 6 types of Argument:Argument:

CLAIMS OF FACT Did X happen?Is X True?How do we know this?

CLAIMS OF DEFINITIONWhat is X? What is X like?How should X be classified?How should X be interpreted? How does X's usual meaning change in a particular context?

CLAIMS OF RESEMBLANCEWhat can you compare it to?What is it connected to?We should not do it because doing that is like doing ______.

CLAIMS OF CAUSATIONWhat caused it?  Where did it come from?  What are the effects?  What probably will be the results on a short or long term basis?

CLAIMS OF EVALUATIONHow bad is it?  How good? How moral or immoral?  Of what worth is it?Who says so?  What do these people value?  What values or criteria should I use to determine its goodness or badness?

CLAIMS OF PROPOSALWhat should we do?  How should we act? How can we solve this problem? What course of action should we pursue?

Examples of each type…Examples of each type…

CLAIMS OF FACT EX: NASA and the US government have spent more than 30 billion dollars to fake the Apollo moon landings and to perpetuate this hoax. (A claim of fact made by Bill Kaysing in his self-published We Never Went to the Moon: America's Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle)

CLAIMS OF DEFINITIONEX: The definition of a zygote (a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum) has been vastly agreed upon by members of the community of biological scientists.

CLAIMS OF RESEMBLANCEEX: The popularity of Barbie among grade-school-aged girls has contributed to the unrealistic standards for beauty and thinness among teen girls and young women.

CLAIMS OF CAUSATIONEX: As one admires the complex purpose, parts, and motion of a wristwatch, knowing that it is the watchmaker who is responsible for its design, so too we should, when admiring the vastly more complex purpose, parts, and motion of the universe, understand that it too has an intelligent maker. (a paraphrase of William Paley’s Argument for Intelligent Design, 1802)

CLAIMS OF EVALUATIONEX: Global warming is the most pressing challenge facing the world today.

EX: The right to bear arms in the US is an important one.

EX: Physician assisted suicide is immoral.

CLAIMS OF PROPOSALEX: Increased tax dollars for education of prisoners will result in a decrease in the number of released prisoners who re-offend.

EX: The sale of assault weapons should be banned in the U.S.

This will be your first argument of the year. It will be along the This will be your first argument of the year. It will be along the lines of lines of Why I Hate _____Why I Hate _____ or or Why I Love _____Why I Love _____..

The The why why is essential, as are other rhetorical appeals such as is essential, as are other rhetorical appeals such as pathos and logos.pathos and logos.

You will need to apply and be able to identify each of the You will need to apply and be able to identify each of the following in your argument:following in your argument:

Claim (specific) & Support (strong)Claim (specific) & Support (strong) Anticipate a counterargumentAnticipate a counterargument Make one concessionMake one concession Use at least two similes to help convey toneUse at least two similes to help convey tone

Your final draft will be due on Friday by 11:59 PM.Your final draft will be due on Friday by 11:59 PM.

Why I Hate Cell Phones: Why I Hate Cell Phones: Model Model ArgumentArgument