Course guide on

Food Plant Design and Pilot Demonstration(FST 409)

University of Agriculture, AbeokutaDepartment of Food Science and Technology

Synopsis Concept of a food plant Plant design concepts

Definitions Process design Optimal design principles Sanitary design

General appreciation of the food industry and various plant facility need

Design principles Feasibility study Site selection Plant economics and profitability

Concept of a Food Plant

Food plant as physical entity Conversion processes in a food plant Energy consumption and cost Waste generation Human expertise need Life cycle of a plant

Plant design concepts

Design as an idea generation exercise Fitness to a purpose Enormity of task depends on the intended scale

of operation of the plant

Food Plant design as a multidisciplinary project Coordinated by a Food Engineer/Food

Technologist Team may involve all or some of the following:

Civil, Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Accountants, Architects, Quantity Surveyor, Economists, etc.

Definitions

Food process Process simulation Process optimization Process instrumentation and control Food plant sanitation

Stages in plant design

Inception Preliminary evaluation of economics and

market Development of data necessary for final design Final economic evaluation Detailed engineering design Procurement Erection Startup and trial runs Production

The Food Industry

The producers The processors The marketers The consumers

Plant Design Principles

Material Flow Sanitary Design Site Location Design for People

Feasibility studies

Types, definitions and goals: Technical Economic Viability of a project

Issues in Technical Feasibility Study

Raw material requirement Labor requirement Equipment and facility requirement Technology Process flow Facility construction and material suitability Land suitability Climatic consideration Energy and utilities Transportation

Projected expenditures on the design project Capital Recurrent

Projected incomes Sales Services

Projected profits Time value of money

Issues in economic feasibility

Plant economics

Asset values Initial value Salvage value Scrap value Present value:

book value market value replacement value

Plant economics contd. Types of depreciation:

Physical Functional Depletion

Purpose of depreciation cost Methods of calculating depreciation:

Straight line Declining balance Sum-of-the-year-digit Sinking fund Present worth

Profitability defined Profitability evaluation methods:

Rate of return Discounted cash flow Net present worth Capitalized costs Payout period

Plant economics contd.