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Course Glossary

A

AbruptSudden

AcronymWord formed from the initials of several words

Active voiceA sentence where the subject of a verb is the person or thing doing the action described by the verb

Actor’s cuesDirections for the actor

AdaptationPresentation of material in a new form

AdorableAttractive, delightful, worthy of love

AffixesA set of letters added to another word that alters its meaning

AgendaHidden motivation or purpose

AgitationAnxiety

AlliterationRepetition of initial consonant sounds. For example, “the star student athlete stammered a grateful reply forthe generous award she received” uses alliteration with the repetition of the “st” sound

AllusionsIndirect references to something or someone that is expected to be recognized

AlternateOther, different

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U

V W X Y Z



AmendmentA formal change

AnalogyComparison between two sets of things or ideas that share a relationship

AnalysisParagraph or essay in which you break down the important elements of the story

AncientsPeople from ancient history

AntonymsWords with the opposite meaning

AnxietyUneasiness, worry

AppealingHaving pleasing or attractive qualities

ApprehensiveAnxious about the future

ArdentEnthusiastic

ArduousDifficult and tiring

ArgumentationLogical reasoning or process of debating

AssiduouslyTirelessly

AssumedBelieved

AstrakhanLamb wool

AweThis is another clue; the villagers think the house is awesome

B

Balked



Refused. In this case, to sign the pardon

BaronialGrand

BiasPreference toward a particular belief or attitude

BlogPublic journal published online

C

CadenceRhythm

CitingNoting the source of specific information

Civic expressionVoicing issues and concerns about one’s community or government

ClaimA statement that takes a stand on a controversial issue

ClaimA claim is a statement that tells the reader what you believe about a topic

ClemencyReducing the penalty

ClichésOverused expressions

ClimaxTurning point

ClincherFact, argument, or event that decisively settles a subject

ClosureSense of finality

CoherenceLogical connection of thoughts

ColloquialConversational



ColossalHuge

Common knowledgeFacts which are generally known and not disputed

CommunicateTell

CompareTo represent something or someone as similar to something else

CompellingConvincing

CompulsoryRequired

CondensedShortened

ConditionalExpresses a condition stated as “if . . . then”

Conditional moodA verb used in a hypothetical or “if-then” statement

ConfederateSupporter of states that wanted to split from the United States

ConjectureGuesswork

ConnotationWords, images, ideas, and emotions associated with a word

ConsonantLetter representing a speech sound that is not a vowel

ContainsHas

ContextIn relation to the words around it

Context cluesObjects or words that surround and clarify meaning

ContraryOpposite to



ContrastTo represent something or someone as different from something else

ControversialProvoking debate or disapproval

ConventionsGrammar rules

ConveyShow or express something

ConveysCommunicates

ConvulsionsInvoluntary spasms or shakings

Coordinating conjunctionA word such as and, or, so, but, etc. that connects similar sentence elements

CounterclaimA statement that responds to and defends against a claim

CoupletTwo successive lines of poetry, often rhyming and of similar length

CredibilityBelievability

CryptozoologyThe study of hidden or unusual animals

D

DazzlingOverpoweringly attractive

DebacleFailure

DebateAn argument featuring opposing viewpoints on chosen topics

DefenceDefense



DegreeThe amount, or intensity

DemocracyRule by the people

DemonstrateShow

DenotationPrecise meaning, also known as the “dictionary” meaning

DepictsShows

DerivativesWord formed from a root word and an affix

DialogueWords spoken by characters in a book, play, or other narrative text

DictionWord choice

DIDSDiction, imagery, details, and syntax

DirectorsThe people who make the artistic and technical decisions in movies or plays

DisastrousTerrible

DisdainExtreme disapproval

Dramatic fictionA play or film with imaginary characters or events

DreadfulExtremely bad or unpleasant

DreamThe narrator is hoping it’s all a bad dream

DroughtsTime with no rain, when nothing can grow

Dynamic MultimediaCombinations of mediums that change or provide interactivity



E

EfficientMinimizing the time, resources, and effort needed to do something

ElegyPoem of mourning written in someone’s memory

EminentWell-known and respected

End rhymeRhyme that occurs in the last syllables of lines of poetry

EpiphanyInsight or revelation

EtymologyThe study of root words or the history of words

ExceptionalUnusual, often for good

ExplicitObvious or literal

ExplicitlyBy directly expressing

F

FablesShort story that teaches a lesson, often using animal characters

FacultyAn ability or skill that someone learns

FashionedCreated

FetedHonored

FeudAn argument that lasts several generations



FictionText or other product of the imagination

Figurative languageNot literal, words suggest a meaning other than how they are defined

FluencyOrganization of words that make reading easy and fluid

FluidUnsolidified, constantly changing

FollyFoolishness

FormalFollowing an accepted form or manner

Four-in-handA kind of knot, as for a tie

FundamentalBasic

FutileUseless

G

GeniallyIn a friendly way

GenreCategory or type

GerundsVerbal ending in –ing and functioning as a noun

GloriousThis is another clue; the villagers assumed the inside of the house was glorious because of how it lookedoutside

GothicGenre that combines horror and romance

Green litApproved



GuileDishonest behavior

H

HaversackBag

Historical contextTime period in which a story takes place

HookIn a text, the beginning section that captures reader attention

HypotheticalPossible or assumed but unproven

I

Iambic pentameterA line of poetry containing five iambs; an iamb, pronounced I-AM, is an unstressed syllable followed by astressed syllable as in the words to-DAY, com-PARE, and not FROM

ImageryDescriptions that appeal to the senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, smell

ImmerseBecome deeply involved

ImmersedWrapped up in or submerged

ImperativeGives advice or a command

ImplicationImplied meaning

ImplicitImplied or suggested

ImplicitlyIndirectly

ImplyHint at



InceptionBeginning

IncessantlyNonstop

Independent clauseGroup of words with a subject and a verb that forms a complete thought, can stand alone as a sentence

Independent clauseGroup of words with a subject and a verb that forms a complete thought, can stand alone as a sentence

IndicativeMakes a statement or declaration

IndolentlyLazily

InevitableExpected, unavoidable

InferenceLogical assumption

Inference skillsSkills to figure out what is being implied

InfersSuggests

InfinitivesVerbals that have “to” in front of the simple form of a verb

InflectionA change in the tone of your voice

InfluenceHave an effect on

InformTeach

InformalRelaxed or unofficial

Informational textReading selections that teach or explain something

IngeniousInventive, clever



InherentlyNaturally or by the way they are designed

InsightSeeing clearly the nature of a complex person, thing, or situation

Internal citationInternal citation: a reference within a text to the original source of an idea

InternalizeSet in your mind

InterpretUnderstand and bring to life

InterpretationUnderstanding

InterpretationsExplanation of meaning

InterrogativeAsks a question

IrrelevantUnrelated, off-topic

L

LacklusterBoring

LegitimateWell-reasoned, lawful, sincere

LinesA unit of verse written or printed in a single row

LiteralStrict word for word dictionary meaning

LogicalSensible, based on facts

LovelyAttractive in a simple manner



M

Madame ButterflyAn opera

MaelstromA very large or violent whirlpool

Main ideaCentral thought, point, or message of a text

MaizeCorn

Manifestobvious

Marcus AureliusA Roman emperor

MediaVarious means of mass communication like TV and magazines

MediumsForms of communication

MetaphorFigure of speech, word or phrase used to describe someone or something that does not make literal sense

MeterThe pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem

MirthLaughter

MnemonicOf or relating to memory; something intended to assist with memorization

MockedTeased or taunted

MoodEmotion a reader feels from a text

MoodsModes or style

N



NarrativeA story about a series of events usually in the order in which they happened

Narrative fictionLiterature with imaginary characters and events

NeutralOf no opinion or effect

O

O. HenryHis real name was William Sidney Porter

ObjectiveBased on facts rather than opinions

OctetA unit of eight lines of poetry

OmissionSomething that is left out on purpose

OnomatopoeiaWords that sound like the words they describe. Examples include “thud,” “buzz,” “splat,” and “screech.”

OriginThose responsible for creating a resource

OutlandishUnusual or bizarre

P

PaceRate or speed

PainstakingDifficult, time-consuming, requiring much effort

PalatialLike a palace

ParadeTo walk in a public place, especially in order to show off



Paraffin lampOil lamp

ParallelMatch

ParaphraseTo restate information in one’s own words

ParaphrasedTo rephrase and simplify

PardonDocument that forgives a crime and releases a person from jail

ParticiplesVerbal ending in –ing, -ed, or -en that functions as an adjective

PassiveA sentence where the verb describes what has been done to the sentence object

PerceiveRecognize

PerceptionImpression based on one’s own observations and thoughts

PerplexedConfused

PerspectiveViewpoint, or judgment of something

PhoenixMythological bird that dies and is reborn

PitchesProposes an idea

PlagiarismCopying another person’s work and claiming it as one’s own

PlatformPurpose or principles

PlatingThin metal covering

PleadedBegged



Plugged awayWorked hard

Poetic structurePattern of organization of a poem

PoetryLiterary work written in verse

PoliticiansGovernment officials

PortWine

PortrayAct out

PovertyHardship or lack of wealth

PredicamentDifficult situation

PredicateThe part of the sentence that contains the verb and any objects or phrases

PrefixesA group of letters added to the beginning of a root word to alter its meaning

ProfoundIntellectually deep, intense

ProofreadCheck a draft of text for errors

ProseWritten or spoken speech in normal, continuous form

ProtagonistThe most important character in a narrative

PrototypeModel or original design

PurposeWhat the author created the resource to do

Pythagorean theorem2 2 2



A geometry theorem that states a + b = c

Q

QuarrelAn argument marked by a temporary break in friendly relations

QuarryPrey

QuatrainA unit of four lines of poetry

QuixoticImpractical – this is a reference to the story of Don Quixote

R

Re-inventedRe-made

RebuttalResponse intended to disprove a position

RedundantRepetitive

RefectoryDining room

ReformationChange, often for the better

RefrainsAvoids

RelentlessContinues without stopping

RelevantConnected or significant to your topic

RelishEnjoying

Repast

2 2 2



A meal

ReportsShots

ResilientStrong, able to recover quickly from setbacks

ResolveDecide

ResonantEchoing

RetributionRevenge

RetrievedRegained

RhetoricThe art of speaking or writing effectively

RhymePossessing identical or similar sounds, usually at the end of words or the end of lines of poetry

Rhyme schemeThe pattern established by the arrangement of rhyming lines in a stanza or poem

RhythmA pattern that repeats and may create a musical quality to writing

Rising actionConflicts and challenges encountered by characters in the body of a story

Root wordsOriginal form of a word

Rubbish tipsGarbage heaps

RuefullyRegretfully

Run-onsTwo or more independent clauses combined without appropriate punctuation or a conjunction

S



SavorTo deeply enjoy

ScouringSearching

ScrambledMoved around quickly

Self-governmentThe ability or right of a group of citizens to choose and run their own government

SensuousAffecting the five senses

SequenceThe order in which they occur

SestetA unit of six lines of poetry

Shoe-hornsCurved pieces of metal used to help put on a shoes

SimileFigure of speech, comparison of two different things using “like” or “as”

SimultaneouslyAt the same time

SkiffA small, flat-bottom boat

SlangInformal language

SnarkySarcastic and critical

Sound cuesDirections to make certain sounds

Sound devicesAlliteration, onomatopoeia, rhyme, and rhythm

SpeciousFalse

SpelunkersCave Dwellers



Square oneFrom the beginning

StanzaA unit or section within a longer poem

StanzasA unit of poetry consisting of a certain number of lines that form a division in the poem

Static MultimediaCombinations of text and images that do not change

StatisticA single piece of numerical information

StirMove

SubjectWho or what performs the action in the sentence

SubjunctiveExpresses a wish or condition that is unlikely to be true

Subordinating conjunctionA word that connects an independent clause and a dependent clause

SuffixesA group of letters added to the end of a root word to alter its meaning

SuffrageRight to vote

SummaryShortest version that contains only the main points

SurmiseGuess

SustainingMaintaining

SyllablesA unit of sound that divides a word; for example, poetry has three syllables: po * e * try) in a line

SymbolismSomething that has a meaning by itself and represents or stands for something else; for example, a lion is ananimal, but it is often used to represent ideas of courage or royalty



SynonymsWords with the same or similar meaning

SyntaxOrder of words in a sentence

SynthesizeForm by combining parts

T

TaglinesShort phrases that identify the speakers in written dialogue

TatteredTorn or shabby

Technical languageVocabulary specific to an activity, often tools, technology, or techniques

Temporal words and phrasesTransition words that show shifts in time

ThemeThe life lesson

Thesis statementA thesis statement is an author’s idea about a topic that can be supported with valid evidence such as facts,expert testimony, research, and valid texts

ToneAttitude of an author toward something

TrailersPreviews

TransitionA word or phrase that shows how the meaning of one idea is related to the meaning of another

TripletA unit of three lines of poetry

TrudgeTo walk with great difficulty

TurbineMachine powered by rotating blades



TwoscoreForty

U

UnconsciousUnaware

UnobtrusivelyUnnoticeably

UnperceivedUnnoticed

URL addressLine of text that locates a specific page on the Internet

V

VagueUnclear; imprecise

VainExcessively proud

VariablesLetters such as a, b, c, x, or y that represent numbers

VariousDifferent

VerbalsWords or phrases formed from verbs that are used as different parts of speech

VerboseWordy

VersatileUseful in different situations

VerseSingle line of a poem arranged in a rhythmic pattern

VisageFace



VisualsImages such as photos, illustrations, or charts

VividExtremely clear or lively

VortexRotating mass of water that draws everything into it

W

WanderTo walk in no particular direction

WindowThis is another clue

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Course Glossary - Welcome to the Educator Login page!learn.flvs.net/.../LanguageArts3CourseGlossary.pdf · · 2015-10-13Course Glossary A Abrupt Sudden ... A line of poetry containing