Country Report Abstract - India

SACOSAN IV4th - 7th April 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka

J.S. Mathur, Joint SecretaryDepartment of Drinking Water and Sanitation

Ministry of Rural DevelopmentGovernment of India

Country Profile: India

Sources: Status of world children report 2011

Area 3.28 Million Sq.Km

Capital New Delhi

Population (Census 2011) 1.21 Billion

Under 5 mortality rate 2009 66 / 1000

Life Expectancy at birth 2009 64 years

Population Below Poverty Line 28.6%

Gross National Income (per capita) 2009 (US$) 1170

Adult Literacy rate 74%

Political Commitment to Sanitation

“Sanitation is more important than independence”

“The day every one of us gets a toilet to

use, I shall know our country has reached

the pinnacle of progress.”

“ Good sanitation should be the birthright of all

citizens.”

Programmes on Sanitation

• Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) for Rural Sanitation by Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India

• Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS) for Urban Sanitation by Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), Govt. of India

• Indira & Rajiv Awas Yojana in urban areas targeted to achieve housing for all

•Various river cleaning projects to stop untreated municipal sewage and industrial effluents flowing into rivers by Ministry of Environment and Forests.

Achievements in Rural Sanitation

•493 Million additional rural people (68% of rural population) now have access to sanitation facilities since 1990, with 88 Million (11% of rural population) additional since SACOSAN III

•124 Million children from 5,82,456 schools participated in Hand-washing with soap campaigns between the period 2009 to 2011

1%4%

11%

3%

10%11%14%

6%

17%18%22%22%23%

27%31%32%

39%

48%

56%

68%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

19801988198919901991199319941996199720002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

1999: Launch of Total Sanitation Campaign

2003- Launch of Nirmal Gram Puraskar

Rural Sanitation Coverage as per GoI data

Nirmal Gram Puraskar

Introduced in 2003; Recognition and cash awards given by H.E President of India to local governments that achieve total sanitation as per eligibility criteria

•One State viz. Sikkim has been declared total open defecation free state since SACOSAN-III.

•Three other States, viz. Kerala, Goa and Himachal Pradesh, are on the verge of attaining the status of open defecation free environment since SACOSAN-III.

•25,251 Gram Panchayats (GPs) ( Local Self Governments at the village level) have achieved Total Sanitation, a total of 7364 achieving Total Sanitation since SACOSAN III

•80.4 million people are living in Total Sanitation environments, 23.6 million more since SACOSAN III

•10% of the total GPs have achieved Total Sanitation, 3% more since SACOSAN III

Achievements in Urban Sanitation

•National Urban Sanitation Policy launched

•Fifteen States have drafted State Sanitation Strategies

•More than 140 cities preparing City Sanitation Plans by end of 2011

•National rating of sanitation in 423 Class-I cities (population more than 100,000) conducted and results widely disseminated in May 2010 and garnered excellent response from stakeholders and citizens.

•Service-level benchmarking of urban sanitation services

Sanitation Coverage as per JMP

Sanitation Coverage(%)

YearImproved Shared Unimproved Open defecation(in %)

Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural1990 14 44 4 5 18 1 8 10 6 73 28 891995 18 46 8 7 19 2 6 10 5 69 25 852000 23 49 13 8 20 3 5 9 4 64 22 802006 28 52 18 10 22 5 4 8 3 58 18 742008 31 54 21 9 21 4 6 7 6 54 18 69

•Every sixth person who gained access in period 1990-2008 to improved sanitation, lived in India.

• India added 315 million people who started using sanitation facilities between 1990 to 2008

• Under rural sanitation, India added 196 million people using sanitation facilities during this period and 119 million people in urban areas

•India’s contribution is 17% to world population gaining access to sanitation

Population gaining access to sanitation (1990- 2008) as per JMP data

Enabling policies• The policy guidelines as per 73rd constituted amendment give lead role to Gram Panchayat(local village body) and advocate a community-led, demand-driven, participatory approach •Empanelment of academia and technical institutions as Key Resource Centres, and establishment of National Resource Centre•State Water and Sanitation Missions (SWSM), and District Water and Sanitation Missions (DWSM) undertake the broad decisions regarding the policies and implementation • Creation of Alternate Delivery Mechanism through Rural Sanitary Marts and Production centres • Strategic Action Plan 2012 to 2022 prepared to achieve the objective set for an open defecation free India • National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) for Urban Sanitation launched in Oct 2008. • A national sanitation rating exercise of 423 top cities in 2010 raised awareness of urban sanitation issues

Financing

•A project based approach with total project outlay of Rs.200 billion has been adopted, clearly identifying financing requirements for achieving the project objectives

Central Govt. budget for rural sanitation has increased from Rs. 1650 million in 2002-03 tenfold to Rs. 16500 million in 2011-12

•An additional financial outlay of Rs.470 billion has been identified for investment over next 10 years(2012-22)

• Budgetary allocation for urban sanitation from urban development programme sources – cities proposed 32.67% and 24.47% respectively of their budgets under JNNURM to water and sanitation

Monitoring and sustaining change

• Comprehensive web-based online monitoring systems for TSC and NGP separately are in place

•Social audit proposed for accountability

• A comprehensive public grievance mechanism is in place• • Right to Information Act which also empowers citizens and service users to demand for services

• The Service Level Benchmarking in 28 pilot cities has been scaled up to more than 1,500 urban local bodies in the country.

Lessons

•High-level political and administrative commitment for sanitation responsible for India’s progress in rural sanitation

• NGP and State award schemes providing required push to sanitation agenda

•Decentralized planning, implementation and monitoring at district and Gram Panchayat levels key to success

•The Government’s policy of consultations with all stakeholders in the planning process developing consensus on issues

• Participation and ownership of the city stakeholders

•The national rating of cities in 2010 assisting real assessment

Gaps and Issues

• Different strategies to deal with difficult terrains and environments, and different categories of un-served people.

• Sustaining the habit and changed sanitary behaviour leading to realization of health and environmental benefits.

•Management of solid and liquid waste leading to environmental cleanliness

• Reaching the poorest of the households

• High proportion of shared and community toilets (24% and 6.5% respectively) in urban area

Current Initiatives

• Strategic action plan 2012-2022 prepared for rural areas through extensive consultations with all stake holders at all levels

• Performance benchmarking of states and districts

• National Communication Strategy being strengthened for behaviour change.

• State Sanitation Strategies and City Sanitation Plans - appraisal

• Enhanced Training and capacity building activities initiated

• National advisories to cities to tackle a range of subjects related to sanitation, including improved septage management.

• National Urban Housing Policy and Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) introduced

16

LET US TOGETHER MAKE

Thank youThank you

Sanitation is more important than Independence

Cleanliness is next to Godliness