Country Profiles South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific · COUNTRY PROFILES SOUTH ASIA, EAST ASIA AND ... by country of origin/citizenship, 2007-2010 88 6 13 20 10 4 4 13 21 0 5 10

COUNTRY PROFILES

SOUTH ASIA, EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

− Australia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Australia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

Males, 3

Females, 7

Source: Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

Males, 5

Females, 4

Source: Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions.

Victims

Victims of trafficking referred to the Support for Trafficked People Program, by age and gender, 2007-2010

1823

2620

2

6

8

13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010

GirlsMenWomen

Source: Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA).

Victims of trafficking referred to the Support for Trafficked People Program, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

1823

19 20

2

4

11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010

Non-sexualexploitation

Sexualexploitation


Victims of trafficking referred to the Support for Trafficked People Program, by country of origin/citizenship, 2007-2010

8 8

6

13

20

10

4

4

13

21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010

Others

Malaysia

Rep. of Korea

Thailand


Additional information

Australia takes a comprehensive, whole-of-government approach to combating people trafficking. Since 2003, the Australian Government has supported a range of domestic, regional and international anti-trafficking initiatives, including: Specialist teams within the Australian Federal Police (AFP) to investigate trafficking,

slavery and slavery-like offences, and the Australian Policing Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons;

Legislation to comprehensively criminalize trafficking, slavery and slavery-like offences;

A victim support programme that provides individual case-managed assistance to eligible victims of trafficking, including access to accommodation, financial assistance, legal advice, training and social support;

Visa arrangements to enable suspected victims and witnesses of trafficking to remain in Australia and support the investigation and prosecution of trafficking offences;

Specialist immigration officers posted in Thailand, China and the Philippines who focus on people trafficking and aim to prevent trafficking in source countries;

Regional activities to deter trafficking, train law enforcement officials and assist the victims of trafficking under Australia’s overseas aid program, and

Research into national and regional trafficking activities by the Australian Institute of Criminology.

These initiatives reflect the four central pillars of Australia’s anti-people trafficking strategy: prevention; detection and investigation; criminal prosecution; and victim support and rehabilitation. Together these measures address the full cycle of trafficking from recruitment to repatriation and give equal weight to the critical areas of prevention, prosecution and victim support.

− Bangladesh− The Anti-Human Trafficking Act was enacted in the year 2012. The new legislation on trafficking in persons in Bangladesh covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Before 2012, the offence covered only trafficking for sexual exploitation. The figures below refer to the old legislation as the new Anti-Human Trafficking Act was not in place during the reporting period. Investigations and suspects

Number of arrested persons accused of trafficking in persons, 2009-2011

293

360

455

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2009 2010 2011

Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.

Number of court cases of trafficking in persons that ended in conviction, 2009-2011

21

29

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2009 2010 2011


Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2009-2011

4643

14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2009 2010 2011

Source: Ministry of Home Affairs. Victims

Number of trafficking victims detected by police authorities, 2009-2011

131

164

181

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2009 2010 2011


Number of victims assisted by Winrock International (an NGO), by type of trafficking, 2010

Cross-border trafficking, 346

Internal trafficking, 68

Source: Ministry of Home Affairs

Number of victims assisted by Winrock International (an NGO), by gender, 2010-2011

337277

153

144

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Females 153 144

Males 337 277

2010 2011


− Cambodia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Cambodia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects According to the national authorities, between 2006 and 2007 about 107 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons and related offences. The majority of them were suspected of trafficking for sexual exploitation and 12 for forced labour. However, forced labour was increasingly recorded. Among the persons prosecuted, 58 were suspected of domestic trafficking, while 49 were suspected of cross-border trafficking. Source: SIREN Human Trafficking Data Sheet. Victims

Number of repatriated victims of trafficking in persons,

by countries of return, 2005-2009

186 152 160105 114

113

224

745 773

9319

6

3

18 4

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Malaysia

Viet Nam

Thailand

Source: SIREN Human Trafficking Data Sheet.

− China − The Criminal Code of the People’s Republic of China establishes as a crime the abduction of and trafficking in women and children, whereby the “children” are minors who are under the age of 14 years. Persons involved in the abduction of and trafficking in minors between the ages of 14 and 18 years are prosecuted under the “crime of false imprisonment”. In addition, China criminalizes other forms of trafficking under other offences, including the crime of forced labour, the crime of organizing and coercing others into prostitution, the crime of organizing the sale of human organs, the crime of organizing people with disabilities and children to beg, and the crime of organizing minors to engage in activities that violate public order. Investigations and suspects In 2007, the total number of cases involving abduction of and trafficking in women that were detected throughout the country was 1,690; and there were 1,096 cases involving the abduction of and trafficking in children. A total of 1,791 criminal suspects were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in women, and 1,553 criminal suspects were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in children. In 2008, a total of 1,967 cases involving abduction of and trafficking in women were detected throughout the country, as were 1,275 cases involving abduction of and trafficking in children. A total of 1,720 criminal suspects were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in women, and 1,880 criminal suspects were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in children. In 2009, a total of 3,783 cases involving abduction of and trafficking in women were detected throughout the country, as were 2,528 cases involving abduction of and trafficking in children. A total of 3,721 criminal suspects were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in women, and 3,283 were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in children. In 2010, a total of 3,228 cases involving abduction of and trafficking in women were detected throughout the country, as were 2,827 cases involving abduction of and trafficking in children. A total of 2,737 criminal suspects were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in women, and 2,799 were apprehended for abduction of and trafficking in children. Source: Government of the People’s Republic of China.

Number of criminal penalties imposed for offences related to trafficking in persons, by offence, 2007 - May 2012

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Abducting and traffickingwomen and children

1923 2142 2391 3631 2994 1121

Buying abducted andtrafficked women andchildren

53 74 103 135 119 28

Forced labour 108 51 38 16 55 18

Organizing prostitution 994 1181 1403 2267 2408 845

Coercing others into 1456 1951 2253 2413 1854 743

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Jan-

May2012

Source: Government of the People’s Republic of China.

Taiwan Province of China The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Taiwan Province of China criminalizes forced labour and sexual exploitation.

Investigations and suspects

Number of persons suspected of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2009

106 102

452

233

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2008 2009

SexualexploitationForced labour

Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.

Number of cases of trafficking in persons and related offences investigated, by form of exploitation, 2008-2009

40 4659 42

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2008 2009

sexualexploitation

forcedlabour


Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007/2008-2009

15

71

91

258

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 - 08 2009

females

males


Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007/2008-2009

97

244

85

9

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 - 08 2009

sexualexploitation

forced labour


Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected,

by origin, 2009

Indonesia, 165Cambodia, 9

The mainland of China , 27

Thailand, 7

Bangladesh, 22Philippines, 14

Viet Nam, 85


− India − The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act (ITPA) is used to prosecute some forms of trafficking for sexual exploitation. Other offences are used to prosecute trafficking for forced labour as well as other forms of trafficking in persons. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons against whom prosecution is commenced for different trafficking in persons offences, 2006-2008

113469934

8512

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2006 2007 2008

Number of cases concluded with a conviction for different trafficking in persons offences, 2006-2008

27371742 1565

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2006 2007 2008

These numbers refer to different trafficking offences (ITPA, buying of girls for prostitution, selling girls for prostitution, procurement of minor girl, importation of girls, child marriage).


Number of cases concluded with a conviction for trafficking in persons, by type of offence, 2008

Immoral traffic act, 1517

Importation of girl, 8

Procuration of a minor girl,

18

Child marriage, 19

Selling girls for prostitution, 2

Buying of girls for prostitution,

1


Number of persons arrested under the Immoral Traffic Prevention Act,

by gender, 2008

Males, 3378

Females, 4872


Number of persons arrested under the Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, by age, 2008

18 - 30, 428530 - 45, 3246

below 18, 3360 and above, 36

45 - 60, 650


− Indonesia− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Indonesia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

240291

163123

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Indonesia National Police.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

20

2824

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Attorney General Office. According to the authorities, among the foreigners convicted in Indonesia there are Middle Eastern and East Asian nationals. Source: Indonesia National Police and Attorney General Office.

Victims

Number of victims detected by criminal justice system, by age, 2007-2010

240

88 67 57

334

519

208

86

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2007 2008 2009 2010

Adults

Children

Source: Indonesia National Police and Attorney General Office, Ministry of Welfare.

Number of victims assisted by IOM, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010

Servitude, 528

Others, 124

Forced labour, 31

Sexual exploitation,

167

Source: IOM.

Number of victims assisted by IOM, by citizenship, 2008-2010

South America, 2

Eastern Europe and Central

Asia, 15

Other South-East Asia, 1

Indonesia (domestic

trafficking), 312

Source: IOM.

Number of Indonesian victims assisted by IOM, by country of repatriation, 2008-2010

Malaysia, 1527

Middle East, 73

Others - East Asia, 30

Others, 17

Source: IOM.

Additional information The National Action Plan for Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Children is set out in the Annex of the Regulation Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare Republic of Indonesia. Its main purposes are: To prevent any type and practice indicating trafficking and sexual exploitation of children; to provide adequate health services and rehabilitation; to establish adequate social services and rehabilitation, repatriation and social reintegration; to develop legal norms to provide more legal protection for witnesses and victims; more effective law enforcement activities and prosecution against perpetrators and legal protection for witnesses and/or victims; to develop and improve cooperation and coordination in prevention and handling efforts at both national and international levels. Its implementation will be carried out on a gradual and sustainable basis in a 5-year programme which will continuously be reviewed and improved. The responsible organ for implementation are special Task Forces at the central, provincial or district levels.

− Japan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Japan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011

25

14

3 3 1

8

3

33

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males

Source: Ministry of Justice.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011

2318

62 3

6

5

2

2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males


Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011

Others, 1Others East

Asia, 14

Japan, 52


Victims

Number of victims detected, by age and gender, 2007-2011

43

34

16

35

45

32

1

41

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Boys

Girls

Men

Women

Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Justice/Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

Number of victims detected, by form of exploitation, 2010-2011

Others,66


22

Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Justice/Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

Number of victims detected, by citizenship, 2007-2011

Others, 1

Philippines, 76

Indonesia, 24

Rep. of Korea, 6

Thailand, 43

China, 13 Japan (domestic

trafficking), 21

Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Ministry of Justice/

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

Additional information Japan’s first National Action Plan was designed in 2004. The 2009 Action Plan intends to raise awareness among the general public to understand the definition of trafficking in persons, the facts that victims of trafficking in persons include but are not limited to non-Japanese women and children, and that the crime should be tackled by society as a whole. It also aims to continuously examine appropriate methods of cooperation among institutions concerned and the necessity of system reforms, in order to improve and facilitate action against the crime. The main points of the National Action Plan are: A thorough understanding of the current situation of trafficking in persons, by (i) Understanding and analysing the cases of trafficking in persons, and (ii) Sharing information with foreign governments and related institutions. The National Action Plan also aims at an integral and comprehensive action against trafficking in persons, to be achieved by efforts to prevent and eliminate trafficking in persons, to protect victims of trafficking in persons and by establishing the foundations to promote comprehensive action to combat trafficking in persons.

− Lao People’s Democratic Republic − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons suspected for trafficking in persons, 2008-2009

23

76

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2008 2009

Source: United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP), Strategic Information Response Network (SIREN), Mekong Region Country Datasheets 2010.

Number of investigations related to trafficking in persons, 2005-2009

2738

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2005 - 07 2008 2009

Source: UNIAP, SIREN, Mekong Region Country Datasheet 2010.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking detected, all victims and those returned from Thailand, 2007-September 2011

264283

150

264

235

155145

129

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan-Sept2011

All victims

Victimsreturned fromThailand

Source: UNODC Country Office in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.

Number of victims of trafficking returned from Thailand, by age, 2007 - September 2011

39 34 14 26 29

225201

141 119 130

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan-Sept2011

Children

Adults


Number of victims of trafficking returned from Thailand, by gender, 2007 – September 2011

255234

148 138158

9

1

77

1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan-Sept2011

Males

Females


Number of victims assisted by AFESIP (NGO) in Savanakhet, by age

Between, 33

Above, 26

Below, 1

Source: Acting for Women in Distressing Situations (AFESIP).

Number of victims assisted by AFESIP (NGO) in Vientiane, by age Below 14,

3

Between 14 and 18, 40

Above 18, 26

Source: AFESIP.

Additional information The National Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (NPATP) covers the period from 2007 to 2012. The national action plan covers the following aspects: Policy and cooperation: to strengthen the plan implementation through an effective coordination mechanism to respond to human trafficking throughout the country, to strengthen the capacity, at all levels, of government officials who are responsible for various counter trafficking activities, to maintain up-to-date information on trafficking patterns, trends, responses and lessons learned and undertake research as necessary to fill any gaps and to continue to cooperate and improve bilateral and multilateral cooperation with partners of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic on Trafficking in Persons. Prevention: to create and improve opportunities for safer migration, to increase understanding of safe migration among potential migrants, to prevent and reduce exploitation of migrant workers, including Lao migrant workers and foreign workers in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, to improve and develop nationwide awareness raising programmes for extensive dissemination, and to reduce person's vulnerability to trafficking through community-based development projects. Build and improve law enforcement: To establish, amend and disseminate relevant laws, implement decrees and other relevant legal documents as tools to combat and punish traffickers effectively and bring justice to victims in line with their rights, to strengthen and equip the police anti-trafficking units with high technical skills in stopping and combating trafficking in persons at the central and local levels, to ensure front-line officials know how to respond effectively to trafficking cases, to maintain and improve cooperation with between all parts of the criminal justice system (police, prosecutors, judges), as well as with

victim support agencies, and to increase bilateral and multilateral coordination and cooperation in multifaceted issues related to trafficking cases Protection (provision of assistance in repatriation, recovery and reintegration in societies): To build and improve systems of victim identification, and to o provide victims of trafficking with appropriate shelter as required.

Monitoring and evaluation programme: Regular monitoring of implementation of anti-trafficking activities an effective monitoring system, and to establish and improve systems, and structures to monitoring the indicators agreed in the NPATP.

− Malaysia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Malaysia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons arrested for trafficking in persons, 2008 – 2011

20

217195

159

0

50

100

150

200

250

2008 2009 2010 2011


Number of cases investigated for trafficking in persons, 2008 – 2011

17

151132

116

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2008 2009 2010 2011


Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons,

by legal status, 2008-2011

87

956870

445

29

206

471

218

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2008 2009 2010 2011

temporaryprotecionorder

protectionorder


Number of detected victims of trafficking,

by age and gender, 2008-March 2012

Women, 595

Children, 122

Men, 260

Source: Council for Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants

The authorities reported the exploitation of victims in forced labour, sexual exploitation and slavery. Source: Council for Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants

− Mongolia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Mongolia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects During the period 2008-2010, 73 prosecutions and 33 convictions under Article 113 (trafficking in persons) and Article 124 of the Criminal Code (soliciting prostitution) were recorded in Mongolia. Source: The Asia Foundation Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by the Mongolian Gender Equality Centre (NGO), 2008-2009

7081

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2008 2009

Source: Mongolian Gender Equality Centre (MGEC).

Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by the Mongolian Gender

Equality Centre, by form of exploitation, 2008-2009

Sexual exploitation, 73

Labour exploitation, 48

Forced marriages, 14

Others, 16



Equality Centre, by gender, 2008-2009

Males, 15

Females, 136 Source: Mongolian Gender Equality Centre (MGEC).


Equality Centre, by age, 2008-2009

Adults, 144

Children, 7


Number of Mongolian victims of trafficking in persons repatriated by the Mongolian Gender Equality Centre, by territory of destination, 2007-2009

China, 72

Malaysia, 6

Macao, China, 4

Others, 1

Turkey, 24

Kazakhstan, 33

Others - East Asia, 3


− Myanmar− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Myanmar covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects According to the National Authorities, more than 1000 persons were convicted for trafficking in persons and related offences between 2006 and June 2009. Source: United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP), Strategic Information Response Network (SIREN), Mekong region country datasheets, 2010. Victims

Number of victims and potential victims detected by border liaison offices and anti-trafficking task forces, by gender, 2006-2009

340 50 37

197

231

153

265

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2006 2007 2008 2009

females

males

Source: UNIAP, SIREN, Mekong region country datasheets, 2010.

Number of victims detected abroad and repatriated, by country of destination, 2006-2009

73 5898

239

35

133

132

1

6

7

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2006 2007 2008 2009

Others

Thailand

China


Victims assisted by Anti-trafficking Unit, shares of the total,

by country of destination, 2009

China84%

Thailand10%

Myanmar6%


− Nepal − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Nepal covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of prosecutions for trafficking in persons, 2003/2004 - 2007/2008

131117

102 11293

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08

Source: Annual Reports of Attorney General’s Office.

Number of convictions for trafficking in persons, 2003/2004 - 2009/2010

6037

7855

8271

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10

Source: Annual Reports of Attorney General’s Office.

Number of persons accused of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007/2008 - 2008/2009

114

58

56143

0

50

100

150

200

2007/08 2008/09

Females

Males

Source: Directorate of WCSC.

Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2008/2009

Men , 18

Women, 92

Boys , 6

Girls, 81


Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons,

by form of exploitation, 2008/09

Unknown, 138

Forced labour, 3

Removal of organs, 1


55


Number of Nepali victims of trafficking in persons, detected abroad and repatriated, by country of destination, 2008/2009

India, 76

Others, 2 Nepal (domestic trafficking), 15


− New Zealand − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in New Zealand covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects According to the competent authorities, no criminal cases were initiated for trafficking in persons in New Zealand until the end of 2010. Source: Department of Labour Victims According to the competent authorities, no victims of trafficking in persons were detected in New Zealand until the end of 2010. Source: Department of Labour.

− Pakistan− The Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking Ordinance (PACHTO) is used to prosecute some forms of transnational trafficking. Other offences on bonded labour, slavery, begging, forced marriages and sexual exploitation are used to prosecute forms of domestic trafficking. Investigations and suspects The authorities reported that more than 11,000 cases were registered for offences related to trafficking in persons for the year 2011. A large share of these cases referred to different forms of sexual exploitation (more than 5,000). Other frequently registered cases were for begging, bonded labour and forced marriages. During the same period, about 4,000 prosecutions were undertaken and about 100 convictions recorded for the same offences. Source: Anti-Trafficking Units (ATUs) - Federal Investigation Agency and Provincial Police.

− Philippines − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Philippines covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases filed in court for trafficking in persons, by type of trafficking, 2005-2009

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

international 0 0 3 0 0

national 3 1 11 4 16

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: CFO – Task Force Against Human Trafficking.

Number of cases that ended with a conviction for trafficking in persons,

by type of trafficking, 2005-2008

7

0

10

4

1

0

6

7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2005 2006 2007 2008

international

national


Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons, by age, 2005-2009

5 733

68

211

26

49

68

434

15

62

82

68

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

unknownadultschildren


Identified victims of trafficking in persons, by gender and age, 2005-2009

5 120

28

56

2

12

3

79

20

37

65

36

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

women 9 20 37 65 36

men 2 6 12 3 7

girls 4 7 28 56 2

boys 1 0 5 12 0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009


Victims of trafficking in persons identified by State authorities, by type of trafficking, 2005-2009

1444

85 1054824

30

131

270

137

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

international

national


Victims of trafficking in persons identified by State authorities, by form of

exploitation (national trafficking only), 2005-2009

2 514 18

04

27

3316

308

12

3871

18

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

others 8 12 38 71 18

sexual exploitation 4 27 33 16 30

forced labour 2 5 14 18 0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009


Victims of trafficking in persons identified by State authorities, by form of exploitation (international trafficking only), 2005-2009

1 6 10 7 314 331

137

88

9 21

90

126

46

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Others 9 21 90 126 46

Sexual exploitation 14 3 31 137 88

Forced labour 1 6 10 7 3

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009


− Republic of Korea − The current legislation on trafficking in persons existing in the Republic of Korea covers trafficking for sexual exploitation. Other forms of trafficking are prosecuted under other offences of the criminal code. Investigations and suspects

Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

33

55

78

59

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: The Supreme Prosecutors’ Office.

Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

38

61

82 76

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: The Supreme Prosecutors’ Office. The numbers reported above refer to different offences including ‘looting of human beings for profit or other purposes’, ‘trade in women’ and others. Source: The Supreme Prosecutors’ Office.

− Singapore − Trafficking in persons in Singapore is tackled under various pieces of legislation. There is no unique specific offence defining trafficking in persons according to the UN Trafficking Protocol definition. The Penal Code and the Women’s Charter specify a range of offences to cover sex and labour trafficking offences. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons/entities convicted of various trafficking in persons-related offences, by gender, 2008-2010

4 2

19

11

5

3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2008 2009 2010

Companies

Females

Males

Source: Singapore Police Force, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Manpower.

Persons convicted for various trafficking in persons-related offences,

by citizenship, 2008-2010

Foreigners, 21

Singaporean, 11


Victims

Detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2008-2010

Women, 100

Men, 17

Girls, 28


Detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010


91

Forced labour, 54

Source: Singapore Police Force, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Manpower

All victims detected were foreigners, with the exception of one Singaporean victim detected in 2010. Source: Singapore Police Force, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Manpower.

Additional information In March 2012, Singapore issued a National Plan of Action on Trafficking in Persons. The Singapore Government formed an interagency task force in 2010, co-chaired by the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Manpower. This Task Force includes representatives of the Police and from the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority, Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sport, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Attorney General Chambers. The National Action Plan was drafted by the task force. The objective of the National Action Plan is to strengthen Singapore’s capabilities along the 4 P’s strategy: prevention, prosecution, protection and partnership.

− Sri Lanka− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Sri Lanka covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects Between 2008 and June 2010, about 75 cases of trafficking in persons and related offences were investigated by the Police. Source: Police Statistics. While there were no convictions in 2008 or 2009, one conviction was recorded during the first six months of 2010. Source: Police Statistics.

− Thailand − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Thailand covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, mid-2008 – 2011

76

145116

Males, 69

Females, 86

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

June-Dec 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: The Royal Thai Police and the Department of Special Investigation.

Number of cases of trafficking prosecuted by the Office of the Attorney General, 2010-2011

88

67

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2010 2011

Source: Office of the Attorney General.

Number of cases of trafficking investigated by police, 2008-2011

42

95

70

83

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2008 2009 2010 2011


Number of cases of trafficking that ended in conviction, as reported by the Office of the Attorney General, 2010-2011

50

12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2010 2011

Source: Office of the Attorney General.

Number of cases of trafficking investigated, by form of exploitation, 2008-2011

Other, 1

Prostitution of others and sexual exploitation, 201

Forced beggary, 19

Forced labour, servitude and

slavery, 68


Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons identified by the police, 2009-2010

145

122

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2009 2010


Number of victims of trafficking detected by the police, by form of exploitation, 2010

Sexual exploitation, 73

Forced labour, 46

Forced beggary, 3


Number of repatriated Thai victims of trafficking in persons, by country of destination, 2008-2010

South Africa, 34Japan, 24

Malaysia, 77Bahrain, 15

United Arab Emirates, 17

Others East Asia, 12

Others Middle East, 6

Others, 6

Source: The department of consular affairs.

Potential trafficking victims who received assistance from the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, by country of origin, 2010-2011

Thailand, 112

Cambodia, 104Myanmar, 283

Lao PDR, 455

China, 4

Others, 14

Viet Nam, 21

Source: The Department of Social Development and Welfare, the Ministry of Social Development and

Human Security.

Thai nationals identified as potential victims returned to Thailand, by country/territory of destination and form of exploitation, 2011

1 1

9

6

33

810

21

2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Den

mar

k

Swit

zerl

and

Japa

n

Mac

ao,

Chi

na

Sout

h A

fric

a

Mal

aysi

a

Indo

nesi

a

Bru

nei

Prostitution ofothers

Forced labour

Source: The Department of Social Development and Welfare, the Ministry of Social Development and

Human Security. According to fact-finding and investigations of various human trafficking cases, trafficking channels are complex. Traffickers work through organized networks to send and obtain women and children. Foreign trafficked women and children usually come from areas in border provinces.

Among victims of human trafficking, women and children are the most vulnerable to exploitation. Nevertheless, statistical data on arrests, classification of convictions, and rescue records of victims from different agencies found that women and children are not the only victims but also men and people living with disabilities. Thai female victims are normally approached by someone they know, although some are tricked by illegal employment agencies. Likewise, it is common for Thai male victims to be approached by someone they know. Moreover, some are tricked by strangers at bus and train stations. Source: Social Division, Department of International Organizations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Additional information In 2008, the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act B.E. 2551 was promulgated, designating the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security (MSDHS) as the focal point for multi-agency cooperation. According to the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, two national committees with different functions and roles have been established to combat trafficking in persons: the Anti-Trafficking in Persons (ATP) Committee chaired by the Prime Minister, and the Coordinating and Monitoring of Anti-Trafficking in Persons Performance (CMP) Committee chaired by a Deputy Prime Minister. The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act stipulated that a Fund be established to support the prevention and suppression of human trafficking as well as to finance protection and assistance to trafficked victims. The Cabinet resolution on 14 June 2005 approved the establishment of the Operation Centre on Prevention and Suppression of Human Trafficking, and assigned the MSDHS as the focal point. The main functions of these centres are to coordinate duties of agencies in the public and private sectors, as well as communities, on a multi-disciplinary team.

− Viet Nam − New legislation on trafficking in persons was adopted in Viet Nam in March 2011. The new law covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender 2007-2011

283 259 286 292 277

82 111101 88 108

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males

Source: Ministry of Public Security.

Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender 2007-2011

227275 269

204 216

11291 131

7099

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males


Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons, 2007 – 2011

938981

869

671

821

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


The authorities report that Vietnamese victims have been repatriated from Cambodia, China, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand and others Source: Ministry of Public Security Additional information In August 2011, the Vietnamese government approved the National Plan of Action against Human Trafficking for the period 2011-2015. The overall objective of the plan is to significantly increase awareness in society on the issues of preventing and combating human trafficking, in addition to the provision of reintegration assistance for victims. The plan has five specific objectives: To strengthen education to raise awareness and encourage community participation in preventative and prosecutorial human trafficking work; to strengthen the effectiveness of investigations, prosecutions and trials of human trafficking cases; to strengthen the effectiveness of victim identification, reception arrangements, protection and community reintegration; to finalize the legislative framework on counter trafficking to ensure effective implementation and enforcement of the new law on the prevention and suppression of human trafficking; and to promote international cooperation and collaboration on counter trafficking.

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Country Profiles South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific · COUNTRY PROFILES SOUTH ASIA, EAST ASIA AND ... by country of origin/citizenship, 2007-2010 88 6 13 20 10 4 4 13 21 0 5 10