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Slide 1
Country Highlights: Germany
R. Can Samsun and Detlef Stolten
Outreach Event: Market Readiness of Fuel Cells
57th ExCo Meeting, Linz, Austria
Slide 2
Renewable energy share in final energy consumption and gross electricity consumption
Slide 3
Emission of greenhouse gases covered by UNFCC
Slide 4
Structure of gross electricity production in 2017 (2016)
Source: AGEB
654.8 bn kWh in total
Slide 5
National Programme Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology 2016-2026 (28.09.2016)
cost reduction lead market/lead supplier Germany
Macro economic benefits / global competitiveness Germany
technical and cost targets milestone (volume/economies of scale)
Research and Development Funding guideline from 26.09.2016
Market Activation
Funding guideline from 18.10.2017
basic research
applied R&D
demonstration hydrogen
in transport
hydrogen from renewable energies
CHP
(residential/industry)
reliable power supply
Source: NOW GmbH, PtJ
€ 1.4 bn federal funding and € 2 bn from industry for 10 years
Slide 6
The Mobility and Fuels Strategy of the German Government
57x hydrogen
33x fuel cells
“In the future, the greatest potential for CO2 savings are
probably to be found in passenger car and rail transport.
Extensive decarbonisation of public road transport and private
motor vehicle transport is technically possible in the long term
through the increased use of electricity and hydrogen as well
as battery and fuel cell technology and the use of renewable
sources of energy, supplemented by measures on the vehicle.
This development is indeed necessary in order to meet the
German government’s energy and climate targets up to
2050.”
“Together with science and industry, the German government
will continue the innovation and research activities in the field of
hydrogen and fuel cell technology in Germany and support
this within the framework of the NIP. Particular attention will be
paid to market activation here.“
Slide 7
Targets for hydrogen infrastructure
Source: K. Bonnhoff, WHEC 2018, June 2018, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Slide 8
H2 MOBILITY
As of October 2018: 52 public stations
In planning: 4
Approval phase: 13
Execution phase: 14
Trial operation phase: 11
www.h2.live
Source: h2-mobility.de
24th October 2018:
Great Wall Motor
becomes the 7th
shareholder and
co-owner of
H2 Mobility
Slide 9
Fuel cell trains for not-electrified routes in Germany
Source: [1] Alstom press release from July 11, 2018
[2] Joint press release of Alstom, Ministry of Economy and Transport
of Lower Saxony, LNVG and EVB from September 16, 2018, Bremervörde
[3] R. Scholz et al., Towards zero emissions in rail transport, 2016
€ 8 M funding for Alstom’s Coradia iLint from German
Government (within NIP)
11/2017, Alstom and the local transport authority of Lower
Saxony (LNVG) signed a contract for the delivery of 14
hydrogen fuel cell trains, along with 30 years of maintenance
and energy supply.
07/2018, Coradia iLint hydrogen train receives approval for
commercial operation in German railway networks [1]
09/2018, Alstom’s hydrogen trains enter passenger service
in Lower Saxony. 100 km line, 1000 km autonomy with one
tank (whole day operation) [2]
[3]
Source: Alstom
Slide 10
Fuel cell electric vehicles: Daimler
Mercedes GLC F-CELL
Source: Mercedes-Benz Source: Audi
Sources: [1] https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/vehicles/passenger-cars/glc/the-new-glc-f-cell/ ,
Access Date 26.10.2018
[2] https://www.adac.de/der-adac/motorwelt/reportagen-berichte/auto-innovation/mercedes-glc-fuel-cell-test/
Access date 23.10.2018
Leasing at 799 Euro/month (incl.
insurance and inspections) [2]
Source: Mercedes-Benz
Source: Mercedes-Benz Source: Mercedes-Benz
Source: Mercedes-Benz
200 PS / 147 kW / 350 Nm
4.4 kg H2 / 700 bar + 13.8 Li-ion batt.
437 km (NEDC) + 49 km (NEDC) battery
2130 kg weight [1,2]
Slide 11
Fuel cell electric vehicles: Audi’s partnerships
Audi h-tron quattro concept
June 11: Ballard and Audi sign 3.5
year extension. „The program will
support Audi through its small series
production launch.” [1]
Source: Audi
Sources: [1] Ballard news release from June 11, 2018
[2] Volkswagen AG news from June 20, 2018
Source: Audi
June 20: Hyundai and Audi announce that
they plan to cross-licence patents and grant
access to non-competitive components.
“At the beginning of the next decade, Audi
will introduce the first fuel cell model as a
small series production. As a sporty SUV,
the model will combine the premium comfort
of the full-size segment with long-range
capability.“[2]
Slide 12
Fuel cell electric utility vehicle concepts
Sources: [1] Daimler, https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/ko/en/40934385
Access date: 02.10.2018
[2] Volkswagen AG news from September 26, 2018
Source: Daimler
Concept Sprinter F-CELL
147 kW output
530 km range with 7.4 kg H2 and
9.2 kWh battery
Crafter HyMotion Study
4.25 t weight
>500 km range with 7.5 kg H2
Source: Volkswagen
Slide 13
Project Autostack-Industrie
• Joint initiative of the German automotive and supplier industry to develop and
expand fuel cell production in Germany.
• Goal: Develop and jointly use the stack
• Inexpensive processes for the manufacture of stacks along with the associated
technical components that will allow for subsequent mass production.
• 18.5 million € of public funding within the scope of the NIP.
• Target: Automated production with 30,000 stacks per year (25 m components, 2
components per s)
• Built on the EU projects Autostack and Autostack Core
Targets
Power density 1.3 W/cm2 @ 2 A/cm2
Volume power density 3.8 kW/l
Stack cost < 40 €/kW @ 30,000 units per year
[1] K. Bonnhoff, WHEC 2018, June 2018, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
After [1]
Slide 14
Fuel cell range extender vehicles: StreetScooter
Sources: [1] A. Kampker, 17. Jahrestreffen des Netzwerks Brennstoffzelle
und Wasserstoff, Elektromobilität NRW, November 30, 2017, Düsseldorf
[2] Reuters, September 29, 2017, Düsseldorf
[3] Innogy press release from July 6, 2018, Essen
Source: StreetScooter
Basic model: Work L
Shipping volume: 8 m3
Payload: 960 kg
Gross vehicle weight: 2600 kg
Max. speed: 85 km/h
Capacity: 30 kWh
NEDC range: 167 km
Extension of product portfolio:
Complete range extender in the rear end
Fuel cell: 30-35 kW
Max. speed: 120 km/h
6 kg H2 @ 700 bar
Range: 500 km – 700 km
Payload penalty: < 200 kg
Shipping volume penalty: 0
[1]
[1]
Introduction of fuel cell model in small series
with 500 vehicles starting in the fleet of
Deutsche Post [2]
Westnetz (Innogy subsidiary) announced that
they will purchase 300 units until 2023. [3]
Slide 15
Large order for FCEB
Source: Van Hool press release from February 28, 2018, Koningshooikt
Van Hool to build 40 hydrogen buses for Cologne and Wuppertal
• Largest order ever for fuel cell buses in Europe
• Delivery to start in the spring of 2019
• Van Hool A330 type with dual axles and 12 m length
• Latest FCvelocity-HD85 Fuel Cell module from Ballard, fitted with a 210 kW
Siemens PEM electric traction motor.
• Designed for 29 seats and 46 (Cologne) and 49 (Wuppertal) standing
passengers, with space for two wheelchair users and a pram
• 350 km full day’s schedule with 38.2 kg H2 tank capacity
• Financed by the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
(BMVI), and the “Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking” (FCH JU)
Source: Van Hool
Slide 16
Maritime projects in NIP
Source: NOW GmbH, PtJ
PA-X-ELL 2 Decentralized energy network and a
hybrid energy system with a new
generation of HT-PEM fuel cells for the
use on ocean-going passenger ships.
Project budget: ~ € 11.5 M
SCHIBZ 2 Test of the hybrid, diesel-fueled fuel cell
system on land and at sea. Proof of the
seaworthiness of the components and
the system as a whole
Project budget: ~ € 2.3 M
RIVERCELL 2 Fuel cell hybrid system for a
river cruise ship "RiverCell“.
Development and testing of test
installation
Project budget: ~ € 4.2 M
ELEKTRA Technical solutions for the realization of a
pusher powered by fuel cells and
accumulators
Project budget: ~ € 1.6 M
Slide 17
Project partners:
Supported by:
Coordinated by:
Project information
FFZ70 is about retrofitting 70 battery-
operated tugger trains to fuel cells by
developing concepts for economical
fleet operation for BMW‘s production
supply in Leipzig.
Plug-and-play solution for fuel cells
To enable easy retrofitting from batteries to fuel cells the
FFZ70 project team created a plug-and-play solution for
the operated tugger trains (Linde P30C) and the employed
fuel cells (Fronius HF24015F).
After an ample identification of requirements various
adaptions helped to create the targeted interface –
affecting hardware as well as software components:
The adaptions resulted in the standard „h2ready“
that allows easy retrofitting from batteries to fuel cells.
PnP
hardware software
While the tugger trains‘
existing (Lithium-ion) battery
connector could be used for
the fuel cells the water
coupling had to be adjusted.
A monodirectional CAN
interface was implemented to
enable the communication
between fuel cell and
industrial truck (function,
display, external electric
consumers).
Slide 18
Coupling concentrated solar energy with high temperature electrolyser
13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Time (hh:mm:ss,0)
TR 200
TR 201
TR 202
TR 203
TR 210
TR 211
TR 212
TR 213
• Design, development and optimization
of solar receiver to couple solar heat
with SOE
• Steam production without big
fluctuation works
• 0.5 to 5 kg/h steam @ 700°C can be
sent to the stack
• Steady state condition achieved
N. Monnerie, et al., EHEC Proceedings, 14th-16th March 2018, Spain
Slide 19
PSUMEA-3: Fluorine-free MEAs for PEFC and water electrolysis
coordination:
Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research K.D.Kreuer
partners:
• Zentrum für Solaren Wasserstoff, Ulm
• Hahn-Schickard-Institut,Freiburg
• Fumatech, Bietigheim
• Bosch, Renningen
• Siemens, Erlangen
sulfonated poly-phenylene-sulfones:
ionomers with very high chemical
stability and proton conductivity
conventional
casting
with PE
reinforcement
thin
electrode
supported
membranes
by ultra-
sonic spray-
coating
First fuel cell test with ultra sonically sprayed membranes
T = 80°C, RH = 95%, p = 2.0 bar
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000
20
40
60
ce
ll re
sis
tan
ce in
mO
hm
*cm
²
current density in mA/cm²
10 m 93wt% S360 ; 7wt% PBIOO
16 m 93wt% S360 ; 7wt% PBIOO
Slide 20
Metal microstructure plates and related production equipment
© Forschungszentrum Jülich
© Project Breeze
© Enymotion
© Project Meta BPP, Freudenberg © GMT test cell
© Forschungszentrum Jülich
49 various designs realized
92.000 parts manufactured
10 public funded projects
15 years of experience
Selection of various plates
• Production of metallic
microstructure plates
(Prototypes and inital series)
• Customized Production
Equipment
• Ramp-up consulting and
realization for forming,
cutting and welding lines
Slide 21
PEM electrolysis R&D at Siemens
1) op.h.: operating hours Source: Siemens AG 2018
Specifications Silyzer 100
Lab-scale demo
Silyzer 200
Commercial product
Silyzer 300
Commercial product
Capacity range per unit (kg H₂/h) 3.2 20.2 335* – customizable
Dynamics in range 0-150% 0-100% 0-100%
Current density 1.8 A/cm³ 1.6 A/cm² 1.5 A/cm²
Nominal DC Power consumption 200kW 1.250MW 17.5MW*
System Efficiency HHV 60% 65% 75 %
H2 Purity 99.5% 99.8% ≥99.8%
Cell Lifetime - 80,000 op.h ~ 10a 80.000 op.h ~ 10 a
Start-up from STB < 10s < 10s < 1min
H₂ outlet pressure electrolyser 48 bar 35 bar atmospheric
Operating temperature 60°C 60°C 60°C
* based on 24 modules
Slide 22
VDMA Fuel Cells survey 2016/2017
Slide 23
Key messages from Germany
Hydrogen and fuel cells are considered as one of the key technologies to realize the Energy
Transition (Energiewende) in Germany.
The continuation of the interdepartmental NIP (2016-2026), adopted by the federal cabinet in
09/2016, firstly secures continuity for research and development, and secondly addresses the
issue of necessary support of initial products for the purpose of market activation.
The share of renewable energy in gross power consumption reached 36.2% in 2017. The
energy industry being ahead of the targets, even higher shares of renewable energy in the
future will require a coupling of energy sector with other sectors, such as transport sector.
Hydrogen produced via electrolysis using renewable sources can offer an outstanding flexibility
for the energy supply in Germany.
Extension of HRS network in progress, 52 public stations in operation already.
GLC F-CELL pre-series model from Daimler is being offered in the form of a full-service rental
model.
Slide 25
Backup Slides
Slide 26
Funding regulation for electromobility
Funding basis
Battery electric vehicles
Plug-in Hybrid vehicles
Fuel cell vehicles
Grant system
• € 4,000 for BEV and
FCEV (no local CO2
emissions)
• € 3,000 for PHEV
(less than 50 g
CO2/km)
• Share
government/producer
: 50/50
• Net list price of the
basic model must be
less than € 60,000
Source: BAFA
Slide 27
Support of market entry for fuel cell heating systems
Source: M. Hildebrand, BmWi, WES 2016
Funding basis
Stationary fuel cell
heating systems for
buildings
• new/modernization
• 0.25-5 kWel
Potential applicants
• Private house
owners (single or
two-family)
• Private units in
condominiums
Grant system
• Lump sum of €
5,700 basic
funding, plus
• Additional funding:
€ 450 per 100 Wel
• Total: € 6,825 to €
28,200
Eligible costs
• System installation
• Maintenance
contract (first 10
years after
purchase)
• Counselling service
of energy expert
Technical criteria
• Integration in the
heat and power
supply
• Hydraulic balancing
and insulation of
pipes
• Installation by
specialized
company
• htot ≥ 0.82, hel ≥
0.32
• Maintenance cont.
(first 10 a) ensuring
hel ≥ 0.26
Slide 28
Goals of the Federal Government’s Energy Concept
Source: Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), April 2012
Greenhouse gas emissions
cut by 40% by 2020,
80-95 % by 2050
as agreed by industrialized nations
Increase of share of
renewables by 2050
gross final energy
consumption: to 60%
electricity supply: to 80%
Electricity consumption by
2050
Drop 25% compared to 2008
(already be down 10% by
2020)
Final energy consumption
in the transport sector
To be reduced by around
40% by 2050 compared to
2005 levels.
