Counseling TheoriesCounseling TheoriesPresentationPresentation

An overview of An overview of

Cognitive Cognitive BehaviorBehavior

Therapy (CBT)Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavior Cognitive Behavior Therapy Therapy

Its Brief History & OriginsIts Brief History & Origins

Epicetus, “What disturbs…” 100 ADEpicetus, “What disturbs…” 100 AD The Cartesian Split...1650’sThe Cartesian Split...1650’s ““I Think….”I Think….” Reaction/Revolt to the Behaviorist Reaction/Revolt to the Behaviorist

Regime - Reductionism…1950’sRegime - Reductionism…1950’s Chomsky & Behaviorism’s Achilles Chomsky & Behaviorism’s Achilles

HeelHeel The return of mind to psychologyThe return of mind to psychology

Some Noted Founders of Some Noted Founders of the Cognitive Revolutionthe Cognitive Revolution

George Kelly - personal constructs, George Kelly - personal constructs, schemas, natural scientists of thoughtschemas, natural scientists of thought

Albert Ellis & Rational Emotive Albert Ellis & Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy - REBTBehavior Therapy - REBT

Aaron Beck & Cognitive Therapy - CTAaron Beck & Cognitive Therapy - CT Donald Meichenbaum & Cognitive Donald Meichenbaum & Cognitive

Behavior Modification - CBMBehavior Modification - CBM

Two Quotations that give a Two Quotations that give a “flavor” of Cognitivism“flavor” of Cognitivism

““The thing that The thing that upsets people is upsets people is not what happens not what happens but what they but what they think it means…” think it means…” ...Epictetus, 100 ...Epictetus, 100 ADAD

UCasURUCasUR

““Its not so much Its not so much what happens to what happens to you that changes you that changes you life, but how you life, but how you react to what you react to what happens to you”happens to you”

All of life is an All of life is an interpretation, the interpretation, the self is a story.self is a story.

CBT: Thinking about CBT: Thinking about thinkingthinking

A Collage of Salient Features A Collage of Salient Features from Ellis & REBTfrom Ellis & REBT

We are born We are born rational (scientists) rational (scientists) and make and make ourselves ourselves irrational. But how?irrational. But how?

““crooked” vs. crooked” vs. “straight” thinking“straight” thinking

reindoctrinating reindoctrinating irrationality with irrationality with self statementsself statements

It’s all about one’s It’s all about one’s A, B, C, D, E, F’sA, B, C, D, E, F’s

The scientific The scientific method of logical method of logical and rational and rational thought is applied thought is applied to irrational beliefs.to irrational beliefs.

Therapist a teacher Therapist a teacher and interrogator and interrogator

A Collage of Salient A Collage of Salient Features from Beck & CTFeatures from Beck & CT

Like REBT, thoughts determine feelings Like REBT, thoughts determine feelings and actionsand actions

Internal dialogues reinforce automatic Internal dialogues reinforce automatic thinking, faulty thinking and incorrect thinking, faulty thinking and incorrect inferences - thus disorders arise.inferences - thus disorders arise.

Core schemata (belief) are examined, Core schemata (belief) are examined, evidence is weighed = restructuringevidence is weighed = restructuring

Collaborative, socratic discovery modelCollaborative, socratic discovery model

A Collage of Salient A Collage of Salient Features from Features from

Meichenbaum & CBM Meichenbaum & CBM

Like REBT & CT, maladaptive thoughts = Like REBT & CT, maladaptive thoughts = distressing emotionsdistressing emotions

> awareness of selftalk/instructions and > awareness of selftalk/instructions and > awareness of thinking,feeling, acting> awareness of thinking,feeling, acting

get coping skills by 1)self-observation, get coping skills by 1)self-observation, 2)changes to internal dialogue, 3)learn & 2)changes to internal dialogue, 3)learn & implement new skills/changes…+++ implement new skills/changes…+++

Scripted nature of behavior & Scripted nature of behavior & constructivism or “restorying”constructivism or “restorying”

What is Cognitive Behavior What is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (REBT, CT, CBM)?Therapy (REBT, CT, CBM)?

Empircally-based via Empircally-based via controlled studies.controlled studies.

Goal-oriented: set, Goal-oriented: set, monitor, act, assess.monitor, act, assess.

Practical focus: first Practical focus: first priority is solving priority is solving concrete problems concrete problems in the present.in the present.

Active approach: Active approach: Therapist acts as a Therapist acts as a teacher/coach client teacher/coach client does homework.does homework.

Collaborative effort: Collaborative effort: dialogic analysis dialogic analysis and strategic and strategic planning.planning.

Short-term method Short-term method that’s effective! that’s effective!

Proven Applications of CBTProven Applications of CBT

CBT widely applied to treatment of: CBT widely applied to treatment of: depression, anxiety, martial depression, anxiety, martial problems, stress management, skill problems, stress management, skill training, substance abuse, training, substance abuse, assertion training, eating disorders, assertion training, eating disorders, panic attacks, social phobiapanic attacks, social phobia

Probably the most widely applied Probably the most widely applied therapeutic method at this time.therapeutic method at this time.

Strengths of CBTStrengths of CBT

focus on teaching focus on teaching self-therapyself-therapy

limits dependencylimits dependency homework taskshomework tasks open to other open to other

techniques, eclectictechniques, eclectic works on kidsworks on kids proactive/proactive/

preventionprevention

good for group workgood for group work wide applicationswide applications successful with successful with

depression & depression & anxietyanxiety

> self-help> self-help psychoeducationalpsychoeducational alliance between t/calliance between t/c structure satisfying structure satisfying

for clients.for clients.

Limitations of CBTLimitations of CBT

Tends to play down emotional factorsTends to play down emotional factors Misses Ucs & underlying factorsMisses Ucs & underlying factors Discounts usefulness of client’s pastDiscounts usefulness of client’s past REBT too confrontational for some, CT REBT too confrontational for some, CT

too structured for some (too positive)too structured for some (too positive) Chance of power differential arising Chance of power differential arising

thru therapists ideology of “the thru therapists ideology of “the rational”rational”

Too reductive, all in the head and little Too reductive, all in the head and little focus on social situatedness/interactionfocus on social situatedness/interaction

Let’s get involved with Let’s get involved with CBTCBT

Involving you with CBTInvolving you with CBT

An exercise in making “crooked” An exercise in making “crooked” (irrational) thoughts/beliefs (irrational) thoughts/beliefs “straight (rational) again“straight (rational) again

How many reframes can you do in How many reframes can you do in less than two minutes? less than two minutes?

Cognitive Behavior Cognitive Behavior TherapyTherapy

“It’s All in your Head”“It’s All in your Head”

Thanks for Thanks for listening, and listening, and remember...With remember...With CBT, Your thoughts CBT, Your thoughts become You.become You.