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July 26, 2017 | 9:30 AM to 2:30 PM
Cost of Illegal Dumping Workshop
Capital Area Council of Governments
Presenter:
Mr. David S. Yanke
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Workshop Agenda
A. Introductions/Background
B. Overview Regarding Illegal Dumping
C. Impact of Illegal Dumping on Your Community
D. Cost of Illegal Dumping
E. Summary
F. Questions and Answers
2
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
NewGen Strategies & Solutions, LLC
• NewGen is a management consulting firm specializing in providing economic, strategic, stakeholder, and sustainability services
• 36 person firm with offices in Austin, Dallas, Denver, Nashville, and Orlando
Solid WasteWater/
Wastewater
Energy Gas
4
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
NewGen Strategies & Solutions, LLC (cont’d)
• Specific solid waste services include:
Cost of Service and Rate Design
Procurement
Solid Waste Management Plans
Contract and Franchise Agreement
Negotiations
Valuations
Efficiency Studies
Operational Reviews
Financial Feasibility Studies
5
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
David S. Yanke
• President – Environmental Practice
• More than 25 years of experience:
– Planning, operational, financial consulting services
• Wide range of experience
– More than 150 financial, economic, feasibility and
valuation studies
– Developed Environmental Enforcement Manuals
– Developed Full Cost Accounting Workbooks
– Frequent speaker at WasteCon, STAR, and TxSWANA
conferences
6
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Through the years…
7
Reed-Stowe & Co.
(1991-1996)
Navigant Consulting
(1997-2000)
Reed, Stowe &
Yanke, LLC(2000-2003)
R. W. Beck, Inc.
(2003-2009)
SAIC(2009-2013)
LeidosEngineering(2013-2014)
NewGen Strategies & Solutions,
LLC(2014-
Present)
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Goals of this Workshop
9
Learn about the history of illegal
dumping
Discuss a regional approach to
combatting illegal dumping
Evaluate the costs, and associated benefits of an environmental enforcement
program
Share and network with other entities
regarding illegal dumping efforts
Goals
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
What is Illegal Dumping?
11
“Illegal dumping is disposal of waste in an unpermitted area. It is also referred to as “open dumping,” “fly
dumping,” and “midnight dumping” because materials are dumped in open areas late at night.”
Source: EPA Illegal Dumping Prevention Guidebook
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Dave’s Experience
Year Client Project
1997 H-GAC A Review of Illegal Dumping in Montgomery and Wharton Counties
1998 H-GAC How to Develop and Operate an Environmental Enforcement Program
1999 TNRCC/TCEQ Conduct of Four One-day Workshops Concerning Illegal Dumping
2000 Missouri DNR How to Establish and Operate an Environmental Enforcement Program
2001 NCTCOG Targeted Illegal Dumper Study
2002 Iowa DNRHow to Establish and Operate an Illegal Dumping Prevention and Response Program Resource Guide
2003 H-GAC Environmental Circuit Rider Prosecutor Project
2003 H-GAC Illegal Dumping: A Regional Approach to Environmental Enforcement
2003 NCTCOG Regional Stop Illegal Dumping Cost/Benefit Analysis Study
2005 Seattle Public Utilities Illegal Dumping Program Assessment
12
“Dave’s insight and work
with us resonates to this day
in many of our policies
related to illegal dumping
issues and prevention here
in Iowa.”
Mel Pins
Iowa DNR
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Houston-Galveston Area Council
• Purpose – develop a “how-to”
guide for local governments for
combatting illegal dumping
• Led to additional projects and
workshops around the country
13
1• Political buy-in/planning
2• Management structure
3• Education
4• Enforcement and prosecution
5• Clean-up
6• Program management
The six steps for an effective environmental enforcement program
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Houston-Galveston Area Council
• Study regarding improvements to, and potential regionalization of, environmental enforcement activities in the H-GAC region.
• Key findings and recommendations include:
– Implementation of a circuit rider prosecutor program
– Creation of an environmental court
– Training concerning abandoned vehicles
– Funding for laboratory testing
– Development of a regional database
– Establishment of performance standards
– Creation of a regional task force
– Ongoing environmental enforcement training
14
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
North Central Texas Council of Governments
• As a component of a three-year strategic
program, NCTCOG initiated a study to
better understand the typical illegal
dumpers in the NCTCOG region.
• Developed seven categories:
1. Rural residents
2. Urban/suburban residents
3. Private/commercial haulers
4. Contractors/remodelers
5. Drug labs
6. Businesses (oil, solvents, tires, etc.)
7. Illegal solid waste facilities (sham
recyclers)
15
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Regional Illegal Dumping Trends
• Intraregional movement of illegal
dumping
• Dumping on land owned by absent
property owners
• Lack of cooperation from prosecutors
and/or judges
• Lack of cooperation from law
enforcement
• Inconvenient disposal operating hours
• Residents dumping brush and bulky
items
• Economics and risk
• Illegal use of dumpsters
• Private haulers
North Central Texas Council of Governments
(cont’d)
16
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Urban Area Illegal Dumping Trends
• Dumping of chemicals and
hazardous materials
• Automotive shops
• Dumping in vacant lots
• Landscaping and tree service
contractors
• House remodelers
• Sham recyclers
North Central Texas Council of Governments
(cont’d)
17
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Rural area illegal dumping
trends
• Lack of disposal and collection
services
• Lack of public awareness
• Lack of brushy and bulky collection
services
• Illegal dumping from drug labs
• Sham composters
• Sham scrap tire processors
• Dumping on roadsides and bridges
• Illegal landfills
Suburban area illegal dumping
trends
• Construction and demolition materials
• Dumping in undeveloped areas
North Central Texas Council of Governments
(cont’d)
18
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Seattle Public Utilities
• SPU retained Mr. Yanke in 2005
to complete a study that would:
– Characterize the problem of illegal
dumping in Seattle
– Review the current illegal dumping
program
– Benchmark problems and programs
– Develop BMPs for SPU
– Present and evaluate strategies to
incorporate into SPU’s program
19
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Seattle Public Utilities (cont’d)
• BMPs and strategies
1. Define clear roles and responsibilities for
team members to clarify boundaries of the
program
2. Formalize lines of communication to
facilitate exchange of information
3. Increase awareness of illegal dumping and
efforts of the program
4. Conduct education and outreach
20
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Seattle Public Utilities (cont’d)
5. Produce awareness materials that reach out
to all demographics
6. Disseminate information about convenient
recycling and disposal options
7. Actively enforce illegal dumping laws
8. Implement aggressive prosecution for
effective enforcement
21
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Seattle Public Utilities (cont’d)
8. Equip enforcement personnel to increase
productivity effectiveness
9. Train enforcement personnel in BMPs
10.Use department of corrections crews to
make clean-up efficient and cost-effective
11.Track activities and outcomes to identify
trends and program evaluation
22
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Capital Area Planning Council of
Governments
• Network of law and code
enforcement officers collaborate to
combat illegal dumping and other
environmental crimes
• 12 member agencies
– 10 counties and the cities of Austin
and Cedar Park
• Funding for CAPCOG support comes
from TCEQ (distributing a portion of
landfill tipping fees to the solid waste
programs of regional councils of
governments statewide)
23
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Toxic chemicals/hazardous wastes
Direct exposure to hazardous wastes (sharps)
Impact of Illegal Dumping on Your
Community
25
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Fires Flooding
Impact of Illegal Dumping on Your
Community (cont’d)
26
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Breeding grounds for disease-carrying vectors Financial implications…
• Costs for personnel
• Equipment
• Education
• Economic development
Impact of Illegal Dumping on Your
Community (cont’d)
27
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping - Methodology
• These reports and materials were
developed with the intention that they
would serve as an on-going reference
and planning guide.
• Many of the concepts presented in this
workshop are generally accepted as
effective methods for managing illegal
dumping issues and are applicable even
as the entity changes.
29
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Pattern of Illegal Dumping Programs
30
Point at which enforcement and education program is initiated
Time
Bu
dge
tInitially, typically for a period of up to five years, local governments see a drastic
increase in the amount of reported cases of illegal dumping
6-10 years following implementation: decreases in the amount of reports and
overall clean-up budget are likely to occur
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
• In order to examine all costs of an illegal
dumping abatement program many factors need
to be examined.
31
1. Costs of Illegal Dumping Clean-up
2. Costs of Environmental Enforcement
3. Costs of Education and Outreach
Personnel Equipment Other
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
32
Public Works
Enforcement Officer
Contractors
County Jail Trustees
Volunteer/Community Groups
Clean-up Personnel Profiles
1. Illegal Dumping Clean-up
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Clean-up Personnel Profile - Example
Role: Public Works Staff
General Description:Often the primary resource for illegal dumping clean-up efforts in many cities and counties
Jurisdiction:Generally responsible to maintain all roadways and right-of-way, (~15 feet along either side of the roadway)
Equipment:Brush truck, reflective vests, disposal bags. Heavy equipment needs will vary
Limitations:Typically cannot clean-up dumpsites outside of publicly owned property
33
1. Illegal Dumping Clean-up
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
Material Profile:
C&D, hazardous waste, dead animals, liquid wastes
Material Profile:
Residential wastes, bulky items, scrap tires
Larg
e V
olu
me
Du
mp
site
sSm
all or Scattered
Du
mp
sites
34
Equipment needs vary by the type of dumpsite
1. Illegal Dumping Clean-up
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Clean-up Equipment Profile - Example
Size of Dumpsite: Large Volume
Material Profile:C&D, hazardous materials, dead animals, bulky waste, white goods, brush, ashes, liquid wastes, other
Equipment Profile:Front-end loader, knuckle-boom trucks, roll-off container and trucks, dump truck, tracked excavator, brush collection vehicle, tow truck
Approximate Cost:Varies by type of equipment. Per item cost can range between $3,000 for roll-off containers to $250,000 for heavy equipment
35
1. Illegal Dumping Clean-up
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
• Other Clean-up Issues
36
1. Illegal Dumping Clean-up
Public and private property
Heavy rain clean-up
River, stream, or creek bed clean-up
Roadside ditches
Significant distances to disposal facilities
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
38
Sherriff's Office
Constable’s Office
Fire Marshall’s Office
Police Department
Code Enforcement Office
Health Department
District/County Attorney’s Office
Enforcement Personnel Profiles
2. Environmental Enforcement
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
39
2. Environmental Enforcement
Role: Code Enforcement Office
General Description:Investigates and enforces a local government’s property maintenance regulations while ensuring the health and safety of residences
Perceived Advantages:
Familiarity with environmental lawsCan obtain peace officer commission
PerceivedDisadvantages:
Unable to carry firearms, make arrests, or enforce criminal statutesSome scenarios may require assistance from other departments
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
40
Digital cameras
Remote video recording
Two-way radios
Binoculars
Laptop computers and tablets
Mobile digital terminals (MDTs)
Enforcement Equipment Profiles
2. Environmental Enforcement
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
41
2. Environmental Enforcement
Equipment: Binoculars (with night vision capability)
General Description: Allows the operator to see objects clearly at night. Some are equipped with infrared technology allowing the operator to see in total darkness
Applicability: Night vision binoculars may be used during evening stakeouts of illegal dumpsites
Limitations: Night vision binoculars cannot be used during the day and may be limited where artificial light is present
Approximate Cost: Unit prices range from $300 - $7,000
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
• Other Environmental Enforcement Issues
– Sub-regional environmental enforcement task force
– Sub-regional environmental enforcement office
– Sub-regional circuit rider program
– Environmental court
– Fines collected by enforcement personnel
– Supplemental environmental projects (SEP)
42
2. Environmental Enforcement
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
43
Environmental Enforcement Officer
Public Information Officer
Solid Waste/Public Works Staff
Education and Outreach Personnel
Profiles
3. Education and Outreach
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
44
Role: Public Information Officer
General Description:Responsible for presenting information to residents and the media. Can publish or provide information on illegal dumping investigations, clean-up events, and other related topics.
PotentialAdvantages:
Likely to be experienced and knowledgeable in effective communication strategiesRegular contact with media sources
PotentialDisadvantages:
May not be viewed as an authority figureMay be unfamiliar, or uncomfortable with, certain aspects of illegal dumping
3. Education and Outreach
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
45
Education and Outreach
Materials Profiles
3. Education and Outreach
Brochures Fliers Promotional Items
Billboards BannersRadio
Advertisements
Utility Bill Inserts Door HangersSchool
Engagements
Seminars & Outreach
Website Development
Video Service Announcements
Cinema Advertising
Newspapers & Circulars
Social Media
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping – Methodology
(cont’d)
46
Outreach Type: Fliers
General Applications:
Inexpensive product used to inform public about special events, hotlines, or environmental programs
PotentialAdvantages:
Shorter production time than other educational materialsLess expensive to produce and can be reproduced in-house
PotentialDisadvantages:
Easily torn, wrinkled, or weathered and do not last as long as other educational materials
Approximate Cost: Generally minor; 100 copies of fliers produced on a copier can range from $8 to $10 total
3. Education and Outreach
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
City of Austin Code Enforcement
• City of Austin spends
$250,000 per year cleaning
up illegal dumpsites
• Social media campaign
• “Sad Couch” travels around
West Campus to raise
awareness regarding illegal
dumping
47
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Doña Ana County, New Mexico
• Multi-agency task force
• Active in schools and communities
• Apps for both iPhone and Android
platforms
50
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
City A
• Population of approximately 44,000
• 15-20 known illegal dumpsites
TaskAnnual Cost Allocated to
Illegal DumpingPercentage of Budget
Illegal Dumping Clean-up $135,844 75%
Environmental Enforcement $11,166 6%
Education and Outreach $34,030 19%
Total $181,040 100%
55
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
City A | Education and Outreach Costs
60
3. Education and Outreach
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
City B
• Population of approximately 129,356
• 20 chronic dumpsites; 275 dumpsites
appear or are cleaned up, annually
TaskAnnual Cost Allocated to
Illegal DumpingPercentage of Budget
Clean-up $125,607 54%
Enforcement $50,654 22%
Education and Outreach $54,898 24%
Total $231,159 100%
61
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
City B | Education and Outreach Costs
64
3. Education and Outreach
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
County A
• Population of 429,276
• Estimated 59 known dumpsites (as many
as 120 in a given year)
65
TaskAnnual Cost Allocated to
Illegal DumpingPercentage of Budget
Clean-up $114,245 53%
Enforcement $88,410 42%
Education and Outreach $10,165 5%
Total $212,820 100%
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
County A | Education and Outreach Costs
69
3. Education and Outreach
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping | Summary
Entity Clean-up EnforcementEducation and
OutreachTotal
City A $135,844 $11,166 $34,030 $181,040
City B $125,607 $50,654 $54,898 $231,159
County A $114,245 $88,410 $10,165 $212,820
Total ($) $375,696 $150,230 $99,093 $625,019
Total (%) 60.1% 24.0% 15.9% 100%
70
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping | Summary (cont’d)
71
Entity Cost per Dumpsite
City A $629
City B $457
County A $952
Average Cost Per Dumpsite $679
Entity Clean-up Cost Per Ton
City A $354
City B $359
County A $85
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost of Illegal Dumping | Summary (cont’d)
• Other potential metrics
– Number of investigations per year
– Number of convictions as a percentage of
investigations
– Number of educational events attended, per
year, by type
– Other
72
Monitor the program to track progressConduct a yearly trend analysis
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Cost Analysis Complete – Now What?
• Meet with key staff
• Discuss results
• Discuss next steps
• What is working; what needs
improvement
• Monitor results and meet regularly
• Keep elected officials informed
73
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Summary
• Illegal dumping solutions
– Education
• Decision makers on same
page
• Education NEVER stops
– Convenient disposal
• Advertise legal disposal and
recycling locations
75
NEWGEN STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS, LLC
Summary (cont’d)
• Illegal dumping solutions
– Enforcement
• Monitor frequently visited dumpsites
• Develop reporting system
• Surveillance
• Investigate
(who, what, when, where, why, and how?)
76
Questions and Answers
Mr. David S. Yanke
Direct: (512) 649-1254
Cell: (512) 773-5494
3420 Executive Center Drive
Suite 165
Austin, TX 78731
Phone: (512) 479-7900