COST ACTION FA1204 Vegetable Grafting to Improve Yield …...CV% Kiara F1 2,6 a 0,55 2 3 21,07 Gergana 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12 TG 0,4 c 0,55 0 1 36,93 TD 0,8 bc 0,45 0 1 55,90 Table 1

COST ACTION FA1204 Vegetable Grafting to Improve Yield and Fruit QualityUnder Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions

3rd COST Action FA1204 ANNUAL CONFERENCE

"Rhizosphere and Rootstock"

13-16 September 2015 Berlin, Germany

“Maritsa” Vegetable Crops Research Institute – Plovdiv Bulgaria

RESPONSE OF CUCURBIT BREEDING MATERIAL TO FUSARIUM WILT, PYTHIUM ROOT ROT AND MELOIDOGYNE SPP.

N. Velkov, St. Masheva, D. Markova, V. Yankova, Tz. Lazarova

The aim of this study was to evaluate response of cucurbit breeding material to Fusarium wild, Pythium root rot and root-

knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in order to be used as rootstocks or as initial material for breeding.

Materials and Methods

The study was carried out in the “Maritsa” Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria during the period 2014 - 2015.

The experiments were conducted in glasshouse conditions.

Plant material Cucumis sativus - Kiara F1 (control); Gergana ,TG, TD. Total – 4 genotypes Cucurbita maxima - СМ-720, SB-2, SB-3, CM-RH, CMK, Turban; Total – 6 genotypes Cucurbita moschata - Muskatna 51-17, Carotina, NY-1, PI 560946; Total – 4 genotypes Cucurbita ficifolia - Grif 9448 En, PI 512680 Es; Total – 2 genotypes C. maxima x C. moschata F1 - Turban x Muskatna 51-17, СM 720 x

Carotina; Total – 2 genotypes Cucurbita pepo – АМБ; Lagenaria siceraria – Local.

Fusarium and Pythium tests

Inoculum of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and Pythium spp., was prepared on barley medium. The autoclaved medium was inoculated from 5 - days old culture and then incubated at 25 ± 1o C for two weeks. The inoculum was introduced in experimental pots (4% of the substrate).

Seeds were sown in 400 ml pots. Ten plants per genotype are transplanted into 5 L pots with mixture of peat + perlite + soil (1:1:1) three weeks after emergence. Both pathogens are incorporated in the pots after transplanting.

The rate of infestation from pathogens was recorded on five-grade scale (0-4), where 0 - no attack; 1 - damaged single root; 2 - damaged 25% of the roots; 3 – damaged 26-50 % of roots, 4 - damaged over 50% of the roots. The index of infestation (i, %) is estimated by Mc Kinney formula.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) test

Seeds were sown in 400 ml pots with mixture (peat:perlite – 1:1). Ten plants per genotype are transplanted into 5 L pots three weeks after emergence. Pots were inoculated at time of transplanting with 6000 second stage juveniles (J2) per pot. Sixty days after soil infestation with nematodes, the plants were uprooted and washed free of soil using tap water.

The root systems were rated for galling on a scale 0 – 5 as follows: 0 - no galling, 1 - trace infections with a few small galls, 2 - <25% roots galled, 3 - 25–50% galling, 4 - 50–75% galling and 5 - > 75% of roots galled. The index of infestation (i, %) is estimated by Mc Kinney formula.

Results of Fusarium wilt and Pythium root rot tests

Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%

Kiara F1 2,6 a 0,55 2 3 21,07

Gergana 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12

TG 0,4 c 0,55 0 1 36,93

TD 0,8 bc 0,45 0 1 55,90

Table 1. Rate of infestation of Cucumis sativus

a, b, c … – Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0,05)

Gergana

FP Control

Kiara F1

FP Control

FP Control

TG

FP Control

TD


СМ-720 2,4 ns 0,42 2 3 17,43

SB-2 2,4 ns 0,42 2 3 17,43

SB-3 2,8 ns 0,84 2 4 29,88

CM-RH 2,2 ns 0,45 2 3 20,33

CMK 2,2 ns 0,45 2 3 20,33

Turban 2,8 ns 0,45 2 3 15,97

Table 2. Rate of infestation of Cucurbita maxima

ns –not significant

SB 2

CM 720

FP Control

FP Control

Turban

FP Control

SB 3

FP Control


Muskatna 51-17 1,2 c 0,45 1 2 37,27

Carotina 2,2 b 0,27 2 2,5 12,45

NY-1 3,2 a 0,84 2 4 26,15

PI 560946 2,6 ab 0,55 2 3 21,07

Table 3. Rate of infestation of Cucurbita moschata


Carotina FP Control

NY-1 Muskatna 51-17

Control FP Control FP


Cucurbita ficifolia

Grif 9448 En 2,2 b 0,45 2 3 20,33

PI 512680 Es 2,8 b 0,84 2 4 29,88

C. maxima x C. moschata F1

Turban x Muskatna 51-17 2,8 b 0,45 2 3 15,97

СM 720 x Carotina 2,2 b 0,45 2 3 20,33

Cucurbita pepo

AMB 2,6 b 0,55 2 3 21,07

Lagenaria siceraria

Local 0,4 a 0,55 0 1 36,93

Table 4. Rate of infestation of the other cucurbits

Lagenaria

Turban x Muskatna 51-17 F1

PF Control

CM720 x Carotina F1

PF Control

PI 512680 Es

PF Control PF Control

C. ficifolia

Figure 1. Index of infestation (in %) of Fusarium and Pythium

65

40

10

20

6065

70

55 55

70

30

50

80

65

55

70 70

55

65

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Kia

ra F

1

Ger

gana TG TD

СМ

-720

SB

-2

SB

-3

CM

-RH

CM

K

Tur

ban

Mus

katn

a 51

-17

Car

otin

a

NY

-1

PI 5

6094

6

Grif

944

8 E

n

PI 5

1268

0 E

s

Tur

ban

x M

usk

51-1

7

СM

720 x

Caro

tina

AM

B

Lage

nariai,%

C. sativus C.maxima C. moschata C. f icifolia

Results of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) test


Kiara F1 2,5 a 0,71 1,5 3 28,28

Gergana 1,5 b 0,50 1 2 33,33

TG 1,0 b 0,00 1 1 0,00

TD 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12

Table 5. Rate of root galling of Cucumis sativus


Kiara F1

TD TG

Gergana


СМ-720 1,2 b 0,76 0,5 2 63,19

SB-2 1,3 b 0,45 1 2 34,40

SB-3 1,8 ab 0,76 1 2,5 42,13

CM-RH 2,4 a 1,34 1 4 55,90

CMK 2,2 a 1,30 1 4 59,27

Turban 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12

Table 6. Rate of root galling of Cucurbita maxima


SB-2 SB-3 CM 720

CM-RH Turban CMK


Muskatna 51-17 1,2 ab 0,45 1 2 37,27

Carotina 0,8 b 0,27 0,5 1 34,23

NY-1 2,2 a 1,30 1 4 59,27

PI 560946 1,2 ab 0,45 1 2 37,27

Table 7. Rate of root galling of Cucurbita moschata


Muskatna 51-17

Carotona

NY-1


Cucurbita ficifolia

Grif 9448 En 2,0 ab 1,00 1 3 50,00

PI 512680 Es 2,6 a 0,89 2 4 34,40

C. maxima x C. moschata F1

Turban x Muskatna 51-17 1,2 bc 0,45 1 2 37,27

СM 720 x Carotina 0,6 c 0,55 0 1 91,29

Cucurbita pepo

AMB 1,4 bc 0,55 1 2 39,12

Lagenaria siceraria

Local 1,4 bc 0,55 1 2 39,12

Table 8. Rate of root galling of other cucurbits

CM720 x Carotina F1

Turban x Muskatna 51-17 F1

Lagenaria

62,5

37,5

25

35 32,5 32,5

43,75

6055

3530

20

55

30

50

65

30

15

3035

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Kia

ra F

1

Ge

rga

na

TG

TD

СМ

-72

0

SB

-2

SB

-3

CM

-RH

CM

K

Tu

rba

n

Mu

skat

na

51

-17

Ca

rotin

a

NY

-1

PI 5

60

94

6

Gri

f 94

48

En

PI 5

12

68

0 E

s

Tu

rba

n x

Mu

sk 5

1-1

7

СM

72

0 x

Ca

rotin

a

AM

B

La

ge

na

ria

i,%

C. sativus C.maxima C. moschata C. ficifolia

Figure 2. Index of infestation (%) of Meloidogyne spp.

Conclusions

TG (C. sativus) and cv. Local (L. siceraria) are the most resistant genotypes to Fusarium wild and Pythium root rot.

CM720 x Carotina F1, Carotina (C. moschata) and TG (C. sativus) are the most resistant genotypes to Meloidogyne spp.

Studied breeding material could be used both directly for grafting cucumber plants, and as a basis for starting rootstock breeding program.

Documents

COST ACTION FA1204 Vegetable Grafting to Improve Yield …...CV% Kiara F1 2,6 a 0,55 2 3 21,07 Gergana 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12 TG 0,4 c 0,55 0 1 36,93 TD 0,8 bc 0,45 0 1 55,90 Table 1