Cosmology at LAMCosmology at LAM

A deep and wide look in the Universe

Jean-Paul Kneib

Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille

Cosmology at LAMCosmology at LAM

A growing cosmology centre in France (~20 researchers) Many projects: Observational and Instrumental (for space and ground observatories) A strong link with particle physicist in Luminy (CPPM+CPT)

PeoplePeople

Faculty/Researcher:• Jean-Paul Kneib• Christophe Adami• Stéphane Arnouts• Stéphane Basa• J.-Gabriel Cuby• Jean-Michel Deharveng• Olivier Le Fevre• Vincent Lebrun• Roger Malina• Alain Mazure• Laurence Tresse• Marie Treyer (in Caltech)• Anne Ealet• Charling Tao

PhD students• Marie-Helene Aumenier• Melanie Filiol• Pascale Hibon• Eric Jullo• Sylvain De Latorre • Alexie Leauthaud• Baptiste Meneux

Postdocs• Lidia Tasca• Jacob Walcher

Cosmology ThemesCosmology Themes

• Deep galaxy surveys: a statistical & multi-wavelength approach on galaxy evolution (GALEX, VLT/VIMOS, HST, Spitzer)

• Supernovae in the SNLS: constrain on the cosmological parameters

• Gravitational lensing: Dark matter distribution in bounded structures (clusters, groups & galaxies)

• The first galaxies in the Universe: finding and studying the most distant galaxies (Ly-alpha search, lensing search)

• Physics of clusters of galaxies: from low to higher z• IGM properties: using distant quasars and spectra of

Galex sources.

BIG Galaxy SurveysBIG Galaxy Surveys

500-600 spectra in one shot

2D spectra of a single galaxy

Red

Blue

λ

Measuring Spectra with VIMOS (builtAt LAM) ! Aim to get ~100000 spectra

VLT

VIMOS

Deep Galaxy SurveysDeep Galaxy Surveys

LAM is involved in many different galaxy surveys aiming at tracing galaxy evolution as a function of time up to z~4

VVDS: The “VIMOS VLT Deep Survey”

A I-band magnitude selected survey

- shallow IAB<22.5 on 10 sq degrees (on 5 fields):

~30 000 redshifts

- deep IAB<24 on 1.2 sq. degree: ~15 000 redshifts

N(z), IN(z), IABAB2424<z>=0.76

VVDSredshift desert

Peaks at z~0.8High redshift tail to z~5

VVDS redshift desert: due to 5500-9300Å observations

VVDS: Redshift distributionVVDS: Redshift distribution

Comparing Observations & Comparing Observations & SimulationsSimulations

Constraints on galaxy evolution in the Universe

0.7 < z < 0.80.5 < z < 0.6

0.5 < z < 0.6 0.7 < z < 0.8

Galaxy densities

Courtesie Marinoni

Observations

Simulations

VVDS: Evolution of galaxy types

2-3x increase with z for early types5-10x decrease in latest types

Spectral types (SED fit to photometry)

Early type vs. Latest types LF (2 of 4 types)

Zucca et al. astroph/0506393

High redshift galaxies 1.5<z<4.5

2 to 6 times more galaxies at z~3 than previously thought !

BHZGs: A missing link between various populations seen so far ?LBGs, DRGs, SMBGs, BzK…

Le Fèvre et al., Nature, in press

COSMOS Survey FeaturesCOSMOS Survey FeaturesThe Largest Contiguous Area observed with Hubble (cycle 12-13)The Largest Contiguous Area observed with Hubble (cycle 12-13)

Large Area: 1.4 x 1.4 deg => Cover largest large scale structures (~2.1014 Solar Mass)

=> Rare Objects at high redshift (total of ~2.1016 galaxies)

High Sensitivity ( I ~27 mag, 10) and High Resolution (~0.1”) => Morphology of L* galaxies at z < 2

=> Strong and weak lensing (probe of DM)

Equatorial Field: 10h +02=> Multi- observations from all telescopes

Complementary to other Deep Survey(UDF, GOODS, GEMS, CFHTLS,

VVDS, DEEP, SDSS …)

ACSHUBBLETreasury DataPI:Nick ScovilleCaltech

590 orbits:ACS/F814W(~2 sq.deg)+NICMOS-3/F160W(7% of area)

Shown:477 orbits as ofmid May 2005

NICMOS-31.6 m -- 24mag~7% of area

ACS I-band

1.4

degr

ee

Koekemoer et al

Native: 100k x 100k imageNative: 100k x 100k imageDrizzled: 165k x 165k Drizzled: 165k x 165k => 100 Gb image !!!=> 100 Gb image !!!

Massey et al

Cluster at z=0.73

Weak Lensing

Mass Map on central

1 sq.degree

RREE=1.7”=1.7”

First Strong Lensing First Strong Lensing Systems in COSMOSSystems in COSMOS

RREE=3”=3”

Faure et al

We expect 20-50 strong lensing systems,Sample comparable in size to other stronglensing surveys!!!Probe mass dsitribution and Cosmology(?)

Faint Sample: (270 hours)Ground based Color selected to probe

high redshift (1.5<z<2.5 tail)Blue Low Res grism; UBVR+

BzK selection~13000 redshifts central area

bright catalogue

Faint colour-

selected catalogue

zCOSMOS: VIMOS Redshift surveyzCOSMOS: VIMOS Redshift survey

Bright Sample: (270 hours)ACS selected: IAB<22.5Red Med Res grism -> velocity ~27000 redshifts full area

Other Deep Galaxy SurveysOther Deep Galaxy SurveysCFHT-Legacy survey: Ugriz imaging with Megacam at

CFHT

- WIDE: cosmic shear motivated

- DEEP: galaxy evolution and Supernovae Survey (SNLS)

WIRDS: WIRCAM Deep Surveys

Aim to cover 3 square degrees in the infrared (J,H,K) with the new WIRCAM camera

ZEN: z Equals ~Nine

Narrow-band Lyman alpha survey at z~8.8 using infrared cameras

SuperNova Legacy Survey2003-2008

• CFHT partly dedicated to SN search, 8m telescopes on alert

• Observation every month

• More than 150 SN found

• Hard to do better from the ground

data analysis physics

Supernovae: comological Supernovae: comological constraintsconstraints

Images

Spectra

 redshift identification

Ia

magnitude

M ,

Hubble

Cluster LensesCluster Lenses

Cluster of Galaxies are powerful lenses:

Cluster mass distribution Finding high redshift

magnified galaxies Cosmological constraints

(cosmography)

First Light with First Light with Cluster LensesCluster Lenses

Most distant galaxies and their properties, ACS+NICMOS search on HST

Narrow band searches Probing re-ionisation

SpitzerHST

Kneib et al 2004

Future projects

• NIRSPEC on JWST (galaxy evolution, z>7)• DUNE/SNAP (lensing+SN)• ECLAIRS (GRB+high-z)• Participation on HERSCHELL

• EMIR on GRANTECAN (high-z)• Multi-IFU spectrographs on ELTs

(first galaxies and Sne, probing 7<z<18)

Le Next Generation Space Le Next Generation Space Telescope: JWSTTelescope: JWST

NIRSPEC Spectrograph(Astrium/LAM)

Wide Field Imager in SpaceWide Field Imager in Space

IFU spectrograph slicer visible+IR3’’x3’’ , [0.35-1.7]m (LAM)

JDEM/SNAP

JDEM/SNAP

• Probe cosmology and dark energy using lensing and SuperNovae, interest for galaxy evolution

•SNAP and DUNE projects

A unique example a z~6.3 GRBs

Detection with TAROT (OHP)Photometric redshift with VLT

Redshift with Subaru

GRBs are true cosmological probe !

+ 25 s +50 s +70 s

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

TAROT

ECLAIRSHorizon 2009

Interface with satellite

Camera Gamma of 80°x80°Find gamma-ray burst ~5 keV-100 keV

X-ray/optical telescope to Locate the burst within 1 arcmin

Need optical ground based telescope (optical+IR)to produced light curves and measure precise redshift

MOMFIS on OWLMOMFIS on OWL

A multi-object, multi-IFU instruments

Probe the 7<z<18 universe: galaxies and SNe

30 IFUs, 20 mas pixel size for a 50 mas resolution, using Slicers (LAM technology)

Similar concepts for TMT (to be tested on 8-10 meters?)

Developpement of OH supression filter/fibersMOMFIS (preliminary study)

Have a Nice Visit !Have a Nice Visit !