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CorruptionA way to unproperly influence the proceedings and the decision-
making within the society.
Typically, the unlawful use of an official position to gain an advantage in contravention of duty. This can involve the promise of an economic benefit or other favour, the use of intimidation or blackmail. It can also refer to the acceptance of such inducements.
Bribing or other kinds of incorrect considerations create dependency with the intention to break a confidence to the superior and/or to the community at large.
The bribe• premio, benefit, conditions• money, values, service, loan, gods, contract• travels, hotel, costs at restaurants• job with unreasonable high salary• honors, discount
The benefit no necessarily is of economic value for the receiver, it can be of another kind of attraction.
• The superior gives approval• Conditions• Intention• Value• The position of the receiver• The personal relation
Travel - accetable• Needed for the performance of the function• Travel for studies• Conferences, seminars• Qualified content • Gifts – small donations
Travel – not acceptable• Travel with hidden vacation• Vacation• Family members as company• Tickets for theater, movies• Dinner and bar
The fight against corruption• prevention and “public awareness”• better control• cooperation and investigations • measures of adequate follow-ups
5.428 companies in 40 countries
43% detected fraudsPricewaterhouseCoopers Global Economic Crime Survey 2007
• Fraud/economic crimeThe intentional use of deceit to deprive another of money, property or a
legal right.
• Asset misappropriation (inc. embezzlement/deception by employees)
The theft of company assets (including monetary assets/cash or supplies and equipment) by company directors, others in fiduciary positions or an employee for their own benefit.
• Accounting fraudCompany accounts are altered or presented in such a way that they do
not reflect the true value or financial activities of the company.
• Corruption and bribery (inc. racketeering and extortion)Typically, the unlawful use of an official position to gain an advantage
in contravention of duty. This can involve the promise of an economic benefit or other favour, the use of intimidation or blackmail. It can also refer to the acceptance of such inducements.
• Money launderingActions intended to legitimise the proceeds of crime by disguising their
true origin.
• IP infringement (Intellectual property inc. trademarks, patents, counterfeit products and services, industrial espionage)
This includes the illegal copying and/or distribution of fake goods in breach of patent or copyright and the creation of false currency notes and coins with the intention of passing them off as genuine. It also includes the illegal acquisition of trade secrets or company information.
• 1. Sverige, Danmark, Nya Zealand • 4. Singapore • 5. Finland, Schweiz • 7. Island, Nederländerna • 9. Australien, Kanada
Korruptionsbotten (mest) enligt TI • 180. Somalia • 178. Burma, Irak • 177. Haiti • 176. Afghanistan • 173. Tchad, Guinea, Sudan
-The development programme will be less effective and less efficient-There will be less funds for the programmed activities-Questionable competence of staff-Poorer quality
Accountable:
I
To be responsible to present to another body what has been done, what actions have been taken and how you have used the power and the resources under your responsibility.
II
Make someone accountable and introduce sanctions or penalty as a response to wrongdoings or not acceptable behaviour.
Transparency:To be open and to expose what you have done.
Transparency is a way to fulfill the duty to be accountable.
Formal expressions:- reports, audit
Informal expressions:
- Opendness to present plans, answer questions and give insight into the affairs
There does not exist any structure that is clear and efficient regarding the financial activities within the cooperation.
Politicians are accounibles to the voters
Politicians are accountible to the voters for the public fundings
In NGOs the board is accountible to the members
In international cooperation it is difficult to hold the politicians accountible to the voters.
A donorstate is financing. But the decisions are taken by the authority in charge – Sida in Sweden. The voters can hardly make the authority accountible. Who is responsible?
The voters do not know the quantity of the resources or what level of funds has been handed over, nor the priorities of the cooperation. The voters do not know the quantity of the resources or what level of funds has been handed over, nor the priorities of the cooperation.
The executives of the NGOs have created a world well closed and without access and without clear distribution of responsibilities.