Correlation between vibration emission and vibration ... · PDF fileHealth and Safety Executive Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use Nibblers and shears

Health and Safety Executive

Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use Nibblers and shears

Prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2007

RR576 Research Report



Emma Shanks BSc MIOA Health and Safety Laboratory Harpur Hill Buxton SK17 9JN

The aims of the work reported here were:

■ To assess the BS EN ISO 866210 (pneumatic tools) and the BS EN 6074528 (electric tools) emission test for usability and repeatability.

■ To assess reproducibility by comparing our results with manufacturers' declared vibration emission values (and verifying in accordance with BS EN 12096).

■ To compare vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions.

■ To assess vibration emission data as an indicator of vibration hazard.

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.

HSE Books

© Crown copyright 2007

First published 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted inany form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the priorwritten permission of the copyright owner.

Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to:Licensing Division, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,St Clements House, 216 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQor by email to hmsolicensing@cabinetoffice.x.gsi.gov.uk

Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledges those who assisted in this project, in particular the tool manufacturers who supplied the tools and the sites that were visited to obtain field vibration data.

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 11.1 Declaration of vibration emission ............................................................. 11.2 Outline of work......................................................................................... 21.3 Terminology for emission data................................................................. 2

2 TOOLS TESTED......................................................................................... 3

3 LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION ............................. 43.1 Emission test codes................................................................................. 43.2 Emission test procedure .......................................................................... 43.3 Data acquisition and analysis .................................................................. 73.4 Emission test results................................................................................ 8

4 ADDITIONAL LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS .................................. 104.1 BS EN 60745-2-8:2003 vs EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006.................... 104.2 Left hand tool operation vs right hand tool operation ............................. 144.3 Tool C’s auxiliary handle........................................................................ 154.4 Influence of distance of cut from edge of test bench ............................. 16

5 FIELD / SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS ...................................... 195.1 The plan................................................................................................. 195.2 What actually happened ........................................................................ 195.3 Data acquisition and analysis ................................................................ 215.4 Field / simulated real results .................................................................. 21

6 DISCUSSION............................................................................................ 236.1 Analysis of emission data ...................................................................... 236.2 Field / simulated real measurements ..................................................... 296.3 Emission values as an indicator of risk .................................................. 346.4 Tool efficiency........................................................................................ 35

7 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................ 37

8 REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 38

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Objectives

The aims of the work reported here were: • To assess the BS EN ISO 8662-10 (pneumatic tools) and the BS EN 60745-2-8 (electric

tools) emission test for usability and repeatability • To assess reproducibility by comparing our results with manufacturers' declared

vibration emission values (and verifying in accordance with BS EN 12096) • To compare vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real

operating conditions • To assess vibration emission data as an indicator of vibration hazard.

Main Findings

1. Manufacturer’s declared emission values as measured according to BS EN ISO 8662-10:1998 and BS EN 50144-2-8:1996 (predecessor to BS EN 60745-2-8) were verified according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997 in 4 out of 7 cases; 2 out of 7 cases were not verifiable. The remaining case was partially verified dependent on the test material and direction of operation.

2. The current standard test methods do not specify one particular test material or a range of test materials. It is therefore unclear to what type of material the manufacturer’s declared emissions relate. This research has shown that for one tool cutting three different types of material, the total vibration value can vary by up to 30ms-2.

3. Based on the data in this study, single axis a emission values may be lower than the total triaxial a emission values by up to 62.2%.

4. There is great potential for vibration levels to vary between materials, operators, tools and a combination of all three factors. Operator skill and experience also play a role.

5. The amount of material to cut off for the purpose of a repeatable and reproducible laboratory test is undetermined due to the amount of variation possible. Varying the width of material to cut off introduces another variable into an already complex situation. The specifications in EN 60745-2-8/prAA will help.

6. For electric tools, the triaxial transducer locations on top of the tool in EN 60745-2-8/prAA will yield a higher vibration value than the current standard test (single axis underneath the tool). For pneumatic tools, BS EN ISO 8662-10 (transducers located underneath the tool) triaxial measurement will yield a higher vibration value than the current single axis requirement.

7. Transducer location influences vibration magnitudes. For electric tools, EN 60745-2-8/prAA overestimates the mean in-use values (transducers on top). For pneumatic tools, BS EN ISO 8662-10 underestimates the mean in-use values (transducers underneath). End users of the tools are at risk of not being in possession of data representative of vibration hazard.

8. It was not possible to investigate in-use values in terms of emission upper quartile data due to a lack of field sites.

9. The current test methods do not take the efficiency of the tool into account. Vibration data should not be used in isolation to identify the best tool for a particular application.

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Consideration must also be given to the rate of work achieved and suitability for the application.

10. Tools with plastic handles, whether the main handle or an auxiliary handle, can resonate which influences measured vibration data. This can be identified by unrealistically high and/or wide ranging measured vibration data e.g. tool E has a total value range of 22.7ms-2

to 40ms-2.

11. Measuring the vibration level when the cut is as near the test bench as the tool under test allows will give a worst-case scenario i.e. gives the highest value.

Recommendations

The data in this report show that for any one tool, performing any one task on any one material, a range of vibration data may be applicable depending on these parameters and the additional influences of operator skill and experience. There is evidence to suggest that current test codes, with single axis data, underestimate operator exposure, although this is being addressed to some extent in the revision to the electrical tools test codes. It may be prudent to investigate similar circumstances for the pneumatic tools.

Tools with (hollow) plastic handles, be they the main handle or an auxiliary handle, yield unrealistically high and/or wide ranging vibration emission values due to complex modal resonances and dependant on transducer location. Previous HSL research has suggested that this may be the case for a number of tool types and not just those investigated here. Future revisions of standard test codes – not just for nibblers and shears but hand-held tools in general - should address the anomalies associated with the design of light plastic handles of novel shape.

Current standard test codes do not specify what type of material to use for cutting. Whilst it has been shown that the choice of a single material is difficult due to the range of materials a single tool is able to cut, there is evidence to suggest that thicker materials within a tool’s cutting capacity give higher vibration values. Specifying a range of materials of different tensile strengths and thicknesses in the standard test would yield a range of emission values representative of the tool’s usage.

There is evidence to suggest that hand-held nibblers and shears are no longer commonplace on the shop floor. This has been demonstrated by the difficulty encountered when trying to find sites for the field measurement phase of this project. Correspondence with potential field sites revealed that mechanised processes such as plasma cutting have slowly replaced traditional use of the tools. Where the tools are still used on the shop floor, the trigger times are short and the frequency of usage low. Tool usage may still be found on construction sites, trimming cladding or ducting to size, but the trigger times here are even shorter and the frequency of usage even lower than on the shop floor.

These tools appear to present low risk unless used extensively and deserve a relatively low priority.

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1.1

1 INTRODUCTION

The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) has an ongoing programme of research with the Health & Safety Laboratory (HSL) which investigates the relationship between manufacturer’s declared vibration emission, HSL measured emission and vibration measured during simulated real or real use for different categories of tool. This report describes the investigation which has been carried out for nibblers and shears.

DECLARATION OF VIBRATION EMISSION The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations require that, among other information, suppliers of machinery must declare the vibration emission of their tools and machines. The purpose of declaring such information is to allow purchasers and users of tools and machinery to make informed choices regarding the vibration emission of a potential purchase.

The method of declaring vibration emission is to apply a standard test to a machine or tool. The purpose of the standard test is to provide a repeatable and reproducible method of estimating vibration emission. To achieve this, many standard tests are based on artificial operations. For this reason, there is concern that the vibration emission data produced from the standard test may not reflect the vibration produced by the tool when in normal use. For hand-held power tools, the declared vibration level will generally be derived from a CEN or ISO standard test code, such as the ISO 8662 series or the BS EN 60745 series of standards. The current versions of these standards mostly specify the measurement of highest axis vibration. However, a recently issued B-standard, BS EN ISO 20643:2005 which replaced EN 1033:1995, now requires that new test codes for vibration emission of machines should both;

• measure the total value of the frequency weighted vibration (derived from the root-sum-of-squares of the vibration in three axes) and

• be designed to produce emission values which correspond to the upper quartile of vibration magnitudes resulting from intended uses of the machinery.

This will bring the process of emission declaration in line with the techniques for assessment of human exposure to hand transmitted vibration as defined in BS EN ISO 5349:2001 and as called for in the requirements for quantification of exposure in the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations (2005).

The declaration of vibration emission values is standardised under EN 12096:1997. This standard defines the following vibration related parameters:

1. Measured vibration emission value, a, in m/s² represents the measured vibration emission value of a single machine or the mean value of a reasonably large sample from a batch of machines.

2. Uncertainty, K, in m/s² is a value representing the measurement uncertainty of the measured vibration emission value a, and also, in the case of batches, production variations of machinery.

3. Declared vibration emission value, a+K is the measured vibration emission value, a, and its associated individual deviation value, K. The sum of a and K indicates the limit below which the vibration value of an individual machine, and/or a specified large proportion of the vibration values of a batch of machines, are stated to lie when the machines are new.

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1.2 OUTLINE OF WORK

The aims of the work reported here were: • To assess the BS EN ISO 8662-10 (pneumatic tools) and the BS EN 60745-2-8 (electric

tools) emission test for usability and repeatability • To assess reproducibility by comparing our results with manufacturers' declared

vibration emission values (and verifying in accordance with BS EN 12096) • To compare vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real

operating conditions • To assess vibration emission data as an indicator of vibration hazard

In order to achieve these aims the vibration emission of each tool was simultaneously measured according to the relevant vibration test code (single axis), the recently re-issued B-standard (triaxial) and the proposed revised electrical tool test code. Additional laboratory tests were carried out with the electric tools investigating the influence of the work piece, distance from the test bench and direction of cutting on the measured vibration magnitudes.

After laboratory testing the tools were taken into a typical work situation where their vibration emission under (simulated) real operating conditions was measured.

1.3 TERMINOLOGY FOR EMISSION DATA

The vibration emission measured by HSL for the purposes of this project is referred to as the ‘measured emission’. The vibration emission declared by the manufacturer, and supplied with the tool, is referred to as the ‘declared emission’.

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2 TOOLS TESTED

Hand-held nibblers and shears are a rare species. Once commonplace in the industrial working environment, they have slowly been replaced by mechanised processes such as plasma cutters. The choice of tools to test for this project was governed primarily by manufacturers who still make and supply hand-held nibblers and shears. Manufacturers of the tools were approached and asked if they would be interested in taking part in the project by providing tools in return for a copy of the report.

Seven tools were used in the project, four nibblers (two pneumatic and two electric) and three shears (one pneumatic and two electric). The nibblers were all of a punch and die design whilst the shears were of two different designs (see Figure 1).

Fig1a. Nibbler Fig1b. Shear type 1 Fig1c. Shear type 2

The nibbler design allows for both straight line and, with adjustment to the die housing, curved cutting. Shear type 1 is only suitable for straight line cutting whilst type 2 can also accommodate curved cutting.

Details of the seven tools tested are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Tool details

Tool Power

SPM (strokes per

minute) no load

HSL sample

no.

Test code / directive quoted

Declared emission

a K a+K

Nibblers A Pneumatic - NV/04/44 ISO 8662 4 1 5 B Electric 2400 NV/04/49 EN 50144 3 1.5* 4.5 D Electric 2200 NV/04/47 EN 50144 2.5 1.3* 3.8 F Pneumatic 3000 NV/04/46 EN 28622-2+ 3.08 1.23 4.31

Shears C Electric 2400 NV/04/48 EN 50144 3 1.5* 4.5 E Electric 1600 NV/04/51 EN 50144 5 2.5* 7.5 G Pneumatic 2600 NV/04/45 EN 28622-2+ 2.5 1.3* 3.8

*These values have been estimated in accordance with Annex D of BS EN 12096:1997. +This standard number does not exist. Possible typographical error by manufacturer.

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3 LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION

3.1 EMISSION TEST CODES

The current test codes for nibblers and shears are BS EN ISO 8662-10:1998 for pneumatic tools and BS EN 60745-2-8:2003 for electric tools. These require that measurements be made in the z-axis direction only. The more recently published BS EN ISO 20643:2005 specifies new criteria for the design of such test codes and requires, amongst other things, that triaxial vibration measurements are made. The change from single axis to triaxial measurement will bring the process of emission declaration in line with the techniques for assessment of human exposure to hand transmitted vibration as defined in BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001. The process of modifying existing tool test codes is underway. A draft revision of BS EN 60745-2-8:2003 was made available to HSL for the purposes of this project and was tried out as part of the project. This is covered in more detail in section 4.1. No such revision was available for BS EN ISO 8662-10:1998 although triaxial measurements were made. Currently applicable test codes are summarised in Table 2.

For the purposes of comparing manufacturer’s declared emission with HSL measured emission it was necessary to measure according to the same test codes to which the manufacturers had declared. In the case of the electric tools this meant returning to a superseded standard, BS EN 50144-2-8:1996. For the purposes of vibration measurement, there are no differences between this standard and the 2003 text of EN 60745.

Table 2. Summary of applicable test codes Tool power

Pneumatic Electric Draft - EN 60745-2-8/prAA

Current BS EN ISO 8662-10:1998 BS EN 60745-2-8:2003 Declared emission BS EN ISO 8662-10:1998 BS EN 50144-2-8:1996

3.2 EMISSION TEST PROCEDURE

The methodology for BS EN ISO 8662-10 and BS EN 50144-2-8 is the same, both ultimately requiring three series – i.e. three operators - of five consecutive tests per tool. There are minor differences between the test procedures, the latter requiring that the tool be run in for five minutes prior to measurement and that three series of seven consecutive tests are carried out, the upper and lower values of these being disregarded each time and the average reading taken from the remaining five results.

3.2.1 Method

Measurements were made on the main handle of the tool, where the operator would normally hold the tool and apply the feed force. The location of the transducer(s) – simultaneous triaxial measurements were made – was on the underside of the handle halfway along its length as close as possible to the hand position between the index and the middle finger without impeding the use of the trigger or tool. The feed force was not specified other than that the feed force applied should ensure a stable and smooth operation of the tool. The test configuration was arranged such that the operator was able to have and maintain an upright or almost upright posture and work the tool cutting horizontally. During measurement, the tool cut a metal sheet of length long enough to allow the measurements to be finalised. The cut was as near the material support

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as the tool under test allowed. The metal sheet had the maximum thickness specified by the manufacturer for the given material. The metal sheet used in the test was firmly secured to the test rig and mounted such that it did not have any significant resonance in the frequency range of interest (see Figure 2). The metal sheet was broad enough to support the tool. Three operators carried out one test series of five runs with each tool under test. For each test run, stable tool operation was established before measurement commenced. Measurement readings were taken over a period of not less than four seconds. A test series was considered valid when the coefficient of variation of the five consecutive weighted values, for the same operator, were less than 0.15 or the standard deviation was less than 0.30 m/s2.

Fig2a. Test rig example Fig2b. Test rig actual

3.2.2 Deviations from the standard test method

3.2.2.1 Test material

The range of tools under test presented a possible range of materials to be tested. Each tool is able to cut materials of differing specifications. It was therefore decided at an early stage in the project to select a range of materials representative of the possibilities of the tool set and to test each tool on as many of the test materials as possible. This would then present a range of results for each tool. Table 3 details each tool’s cutting capacity and on which of the four chosen test materials each tool was tested.

With different thicknesses of material, differing feed forces were required; and although the upright posture was maintained as far as reasonably practicable throughout, the thicker materials required a lot of effort on the part of the operators.

For all test materials, the sheet size was 0.5m x 1.0m with the shorter edge presented for cutting. This was limited by the depth of the test bench and the width of the clamp on the test bench.

The distance of the cut from the edge of the bench varied between 0.07m and 0.11m depending on the tool under test. This took into account the body of the tool and safe handling of the waste material. Each cutting action removed a strip of metal 0.01m wide from the test material. After each cut the test material was unclamped and moved to maintain the same distance from the cut to the edge of the test bench.

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Table 3. Tool capacity vs test material

Tool Cutting capacity Test material

W X Y Z Nibblers

A 2.0mm (400 N/mm² steel)

9 9 9 91.0mm (600 N/mm² steel) 2.5mm (aluminium)

B 2.0mm (400 N/mm² steel)

9 - 9 91.4mm (600 N/mm2) 2.5mm (aluminium)

D

1.6mm (400 N/mm² steel)

9 9 9 91.2mm (600 N/mm² steel) 0.8mm (800 N/mm² steel) 2.5mm (200 N/mm² aluminium)

F 1.2mm (mild steel)

9 - 9 -1.2mm (aluminium)

Shears

C 2.8mm (400 N/mm² steel)

9 - 9 92.2mm (600 N/mm² steel) 3.5mm (250 N/mm² aluminium)

E

3.2mm (400 N/mm² steel)

9 - 9 -2.5mm (600 N/mm² steel) 1.5mm (800 N/mm² steel) 4.0mm (200 N/mm² aluminium)

G 1.6mm (mild steel)

9 - 9 -2.0mm (aluminium)

Key to test material: W 1.2mm steel 415-430 N/mm2

2.0mm steel 415-430 N/mm2

Y 1.2mm aluminium 200-240 N/mm2

Z 2.5mm aluminium 200-240 N/mm2

3.2.2.2 Measurement period

To ensure a valid measurement, measurement periods of less than eight seconds were discarded from the measurement series and a retest carried out. Average measurement times were approximately 10 seconds. This varied depending on the thickness of the material and if the operator was able to find the ‘sweet spot’ of the tool.

3.2.2.3 Left hand tool operation versus right hand tool operation

Manufacturer’s instructions are unclear as to whether tools are designed for both left and right-handed operators or whether they suit one of these better than the other. With the test bench set up as in Figure 2a, a right-handed tool operator finds tool operation easier standing with the test

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3.3

bench on their right due to the posture and ergonomic issues. This also applies to a left-handed tool operator standing with the test bench on their left. This did not present an issue with the nibblers tested or with shear type 1. However, shear type 2 cuts differently depending on which way round it is held. This is covered in more detail in section 4.2.

3.2.2.4 Tool C’s auxiliary handle

Tool C has, as an optional extra, a hollow plastic auxiliary handle. This can be screwed into a mounting location directly above the cutting base and reciprocating elements of the tool. Measurements were made on the top of this handle as well as at the specified measurement location. This is covered in more detail in section 4.3.

3.2.2.5 Tool E’s measurement locations

Tool E is the only tool where the measurement locations specified in the test code could not be used due to the tool design. The main handle, rather than being the body of the tool, is of a hollow plastic design. Previous HSL research has indicated that handles of a similar design and construction may have complex modal resonances that can influence the measured vibration data (HSL reports NV/03/08 and NV/06/18).

X Y

Z

“Underneath”

“On top”

Fig3. Tool E’s measurement locations

Figure 3 shows where the relative ‘underneath’ and ‘on top’ measurement locations were. The ‘on top’ location was mounted using an aluminium mounting block, studs and super glue. These locations were settled upon as the best compromise after several trial runs with the transducers at different locations on and around the handle.

DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

In accordance with the standard, each tool was tested with three different operators. For each operator, five eight-second (minimum) analyses were made using a Brüel & Kjær (B&K) Pulse multi-channel real time frequency analyser. One-third octave band analyses of the data were carried out. The data were also frequency weighted in accordance with BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001 and then stored on the analyser. The overall frequency weighted vibration magnitude at each measurement position was recorded after each test.

After five tests the coefficient of variation, Cv, was calculated. This is equal to the standard deviation of the five measurements divided by the mean of the five measurements. The value of Cv should be <0.15, for the data to be valid. If Cv was >0.15 then testing continued until a set of data was produced with a Cv < 0.15.

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3.4

For each tool, the overall arithmetic mean was obtained from the mean value for each operator. A value for the individual deviation K, was calculated from the results of all the three operators, according to the provisions of BS EN 12096:1997, where a single tool is used to declare the vibration emission.

EMISSION TEST RESULTS

The full results for each of the emission tests including frequency spectra are given in Appendices A to H. Table 4 contains the results of the HSL vibration emission measurements made according to the test codes as declared by the tool manufacturers. These results are strictly in terms of the z-axis direction (direction of the reciprocating action). The values reported are the highest obtained regardless of whether the tool operation was left handed or right handed.

Table 4. Emission test results (ms-2)

Tool Test material

W X Y Z a K a+K a K a+K a K a+K a K a+K

Nibblers A 3.1 0.7 3.8 4.5 1.5 6.0 2.9 0.6 3.5 4.1 0.7 4.8 B 4.0 1.4 5.4 - - - 4.4 1.7 6.1 3.6 0.7 4.3 D 13.7 3.0 16.7 13.3 3.5 16.8 9.9 3.7 13.6 10.8 3.4 14.2 F 5.7 1.6 7.3 - - - 5.1 1.4 6.5 - - -

Shears C 5.0 1.1 6.1 - - - 2.6 0.8 3.4 20.4 4.9 25.3 E 7.3 2.2 9.5 - - - 5.9 2.8 8.7 - - -G 2.4 1.0 3.4 - - - 2.1 0.7 2.8 - - -

Figure 4 shows the a+K values for the declared emission against the measured emission on test materials W to Z. The test material for the declared emissions was unknown in the case of every tool.

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0

5

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15

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25

30

A B D F C E G

l

a +K

(ms -2

)

l i ion W X Y Z

too

dec ared em ss

Fig4. Declared emission & measured emission for different test materials

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4 ADDITIONAL LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS

4.1 BS EN 60745-2-8:2003 vs EN 60745-2-8/prAA APRIL 2006

To understand the proposed revision of the electric tool test code BS EN 60745-2-8:2003 it is also necessary to understand the proposed revision to the parent standard of this standard series, BS EN 60745-1. The proposed revision to Clause 6.2 of the parent standard, which relates to vibration, incorporates a complete re-write. This includes, amongst other things, references to triaxial measurement, measurement procedure and validity and declaration of measurement.

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006 incorporates three major changes:

1. Use of triaxial measurements

2. Change of measurement location from underneath the tool to on top of the tool

3. Clear description of size of test material and how much to cut for a test cycle

All three issues have been investigated during the course of this project.

4.1.1 Single axis to triaxial measurement & transducer location

Throughout the laboratory emission testing stage of this project, simultaneous triaxial measurements on all the electric tools were made both underneath and on top of the tool (Figure 5). This allowed for direct comparison between single axis and triaxial measurement results. It also allowed for comparison between the current measurement location and the proposed new location.

X Y

ZEN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006

BS EN 60745-2-8:2003

Fig5. Example of measurement locations for electric tools

Figures 6 and 7 show the results for single and triaxial measurement on 1.2mm steel and 1.2mm aluminium. These test materials were chosen because they were within the cutting capacity for all four electric tools.

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ial W (

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emis

sion

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issi

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C -

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Zem

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Tota

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sion

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Freq

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eigh

ted

acce

lera

tion

(m/s

²)

Decl

Test mater 1.2mm steel)

B - Z

B -

Tota

E - Z

E -

Tota

ared a(+K) HSL a(+K) HSL underneath a(+K) HSL on top a(+K)

Fig6. Results for electric tools: declared emission, single axis & triaxial – 1.2mm steel

ial l ini )

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l ) ( ) ) ( )

Test mater Y (1.2mm a um um

C -

Tota

D -

Tota

Dec ared a(+K HSL a +K HSL underneath a(+K HSL on top a +K

Fig7. Results for electric tools: declared emission, single axis & triaxial – 1.2mm aluminium

In the majority of cases, it can be seen that the triaxial measurement on top of the tool, as per the proposed revision of BS EN 60745-2-8, yields a higher vibration value than the triaxial measurement made underneath the tool. In all cases, the on top triaxial measurement is equal to or greater than both the declared and measured single axis emissions, except for tool C. This

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difference ranges by a factor of 1.8 (tool C) to a factor of 6.5 (tool D). The large K factor associated with tool E may be attributed to the mounting location of the transducers as discussed in section 3.2.2.5.

4.1.2 Test material – how much to cut off

All results presented in this report relate to cutting off a 10mm strip of metal from a sheet of test material, as described in section 3.2.2.1, unless otherwise stated. This procedure was adopted because no guidance was available from the current test codes. This was also deemed to be best practice to achieve maximum use of the test materials and avoid unnecessary waste. The proposed revision to BS EN 60745-2-8 clearly states that a test cycle should consist of “cutting off one 50mm wide strip across the 400mm width of sheet metal”. An investigation was made into the possible effect of cutting off different width strips of metal on the measured vibration level. Tools C and E were chosen for this investigation as the most and least repeatable tools respectively. The test material was clamped to the test rig as for the emission testing and cuts were made as close to the edge of the test bench as possible. Three operators were asked to use tool C to cut off five 10mm wide strips each on test materials W and Y. They were then asked to repeat the process for tool E. Triaxial measurements were made on top of the tool. The operators were then asked to do the same again but to cut off 50mm strips instead.

Figures 8 and 9 show not only the variation in vibration levels for cutting off different widths of metal on a single tool, but also the possible variations between operators for a given tool on a given material and the possible variation in vibration levels obtainable for a single operator on a single tool on a given material.

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ial W ( l)

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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

operator 1 operator 2 operator 3

C 10mm C 50mm E 10mm E 50mm

Fig8. Vibration levels for tools C & E on material W

ial Y ( l ini )

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C 10mm C 50mm E 10mm E 50mm

Fig9. Vibration levels for tools C & E on material Y

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4.2

Tool C was also investigated using test material Z, 2.5mm aluminium.

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)

Test mater 2.5mm a um um

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5


C 10mm C 50mm

Fig10. Vibration levels for tool C on material Z

The results from this part of the investigation show that the amount of material to cut off for the purpose of a repeatable laboratory test is undetermined due to the amount of variation possible. Other influencing factors are also present including operator skill and experience, the tool and how it cuts and the material selected. The difference seen for tool C cutting 10mm strips from 1.2mm aluminium and 2.5mm aluminium is about 30ms-2.

LEFT HAND TOOL OPERATION VS RIGHT HAND TOOL OPERATION

As highlighted in Section 3.2.2.3, manufacturer’s instructions are unclear as to whether tools are designed for both left and right-handed use or whether they suit one of these better than the other. The waste material from the cutting process behaves differently depending on the direction of the cut. This is clearly shown in Figures 11a and 11b; the former shows how when the waste material is to the right of the operator, it is a flat sheet; the latter shows that when the waste material is to the left of the operator the waste material forms into a coil.

14

X

Z

4.3

Fig11a. Fig11b. Example of how the same tool can be used in a right-handed operation but approaching the material to be cut from two different directions. Fig11a is from a manufacturer’s instruction manual; Fig11b is taken from the manufacturer’s website for the same tool.

A brief investigation was conducted using tool C (most repeatable) and test materials W and Y. Use of the thicker test materials was attempted but was abandoned due to risk of operator injury.

Table 5. Left hand operation against right hand operation for tool C (ms-2) Tool Test material Operating condition a K a+K

W Right hand; test bench on r.h.s. 6.3 1.9 8.2

C (1.2mm steel) Left hand; test bench on l.h.s. 7.4 1.4 8.8

Y (1.2mm aluminium)

Right hand; test bench on r.h.s. 2.2 0.8 3.0 Left hand; test bench on l.h.s. 3.7 0.6 4.3

As the results in Table 5 show, when used in the left hand, the vibration levels increased. It should be noted that the three operators used in this investigation are naturally right-handed. The rise in the vibration levels may be attributed to the operators being unaccustomed to controlling tools with their left hand. A left-handed operator was unavailable.

TOOL C’S AUXILIARY HANDLE

Further to section 3.2.2.4, tool C has a hollow plastic handle as an optional extra (see Figure 12). The revised text for BS EN 60745-2-8 clearly states that “the result ah is the basis for the declared value” and that “if values have been obtained for different hand positions, the greatest value shall be the basis for the declaration”. Triaxial measurements were made on the top of the auxiliary handle and compared to those values obtained at the revised measurement location on top of the body of the tool. The issue of left and right hand operation was also included.

Y

Fig12a. Tool C auxiliary handle Fig12b. Transducer mounting

15

4.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

l l

i i i

a h

(ms-2

)

) )

.h. op r.h. op .h. op r.h. op r.h. op

mater al W mater al Y mater al Z

Body of tool a(+K Auxiliary handle a(+K

Fig13. Results for tool C; transducer location on body of tool and on auxiliary handle

As Figure 13 shows, the total values measured on the auxiliary handle are greater than those measured on the body of the tool. The auxiliary handle values have not, however, been used for the purposes of comparison in this report. Previous HSL research has indicated that handles of a similar design and construction may have complex modal resonances that can influence the measured vibration data (HSL reports NV/03/08 and NV/06/18).

INFLUENCE OF DISTANCE OF CUT FROM EDGE OF TEST BENCH

Both BS EN ISO 8662-10 and EN 60745-2-8/prAA state that the “cut shall be as near the support as the power tool tested allows”. The current version of BS EN 60745-2-8 does not, however, contain this statement. Tests were carried out to investigate the influence of the distance from the cut to the test bench on the vibration levels from an electric tool. Tool D was used in this instance because it had the lowest declared vibration value and was favoured as the most efficient by the operators.

Two operators were asked to make 15 consecutive cuts in a sheet of 1.2mm thick steel. Each cut removed a 10mm slice of metal. The test bench was set up such that the steel sheet extended 180mm from the edge of the bench. As the tool operator completed a cut, the next cut was 10mm closer to the bench. The vibration levels from each cut were measured underneath and on top of the main body of the tool. Only those levels measured on top of the tool are considered here and are shown in Figures 14a and 14b. Full results may be found in Appendix J.

Figure 14a shows the total vibration value drop over the first four cuts. It then rises until the final cut. Figure 14b shows a similar trend until cut 13. At this stage during measurement, the operator had reached the edge of the test bench and had run out of material to cut. The material was then moved out from the test bench by 30mm and cuts 14 and 15 made. The effect on the vibration levels is clearly shown by the lower values obtained for cuts 14 and 15.

16

1

10

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

-2

x y z l

Operator#1 - top of tool

Cut no.

vibr

atio

n le

vel m

s

tota

Fig14a. OP#1 triaxial levels on top of tool D - approaching edge of test bench

1

10

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

-2

x y z l

Operator#5 - top of tool

10 11 12 13 14 15

Cut no.

vibr

atio

n le

vel m

s

tota

Fig14b. OP#5 triaxial levels on top of tool D - approaching edge of test bench

It is possible to check for continuity of measurement in the case of operator #5 due to the repositioning of the test material for the final two cuts. Cut 13 was made 30mm from the bench; this means that cuts 10 and 11 were made at 60mm and 50mm respectively from the edge of the bench. This is also the case for cuts 14 and 15. Table 6 details the numerical values for Figures 14a and 14b.

17

Table 6. Influence of distance of cut from edge of test bench (ms-2). Continuity of measurement shown in the highlighted sections of the table; cuts 10 and 14 made at 60mm from the test bench; cuts 11 and 15 made at 50mm from the test bench.

Cut no. Operator#1 – top of tool Operator#5 – top of tool

x y z tot x y z tot 1 1.8 4.4 4.1 6.2 2.7 4.6 4.1 6.7 2 1.8 4.2 4.1 6.1 2.8 3.9 3.7 6.0 3 1.4 3.1 3.5 4.9 3.1 4.1 4.0 6.5 4 1.6 2.7 3.3 4.5 2.9 3.6 3.6 5.9 5 1.4 2.8 3.4 4.6 3.0 3.7 3.7 6.0 6 2.0 2.6 4.1 5.3 3.3 3.8 3.7 6.2 7 2.1 2.5 4.0 5.2 3.1 4.3 4.1 6.7 8 1.6 3.2 4.1 5.4 3.0 5.7 4.8 8.0 9 1.6 4.0 4.6 6.3 3.1 7.3 5.6 9.7

10 1.9 4.6 4.7 6.9 3.4 9.1 6.7 11.8

11 2.2 6.7 6.9 9.8 4.0 11.9 8.6 15.2

12 2.3 7.0 8.1 10.9 3.3 14.3 11.5 18.7 13 3.8 13.4 10.1 17.2 3.6 19.3 15.7 25.2

14 2.6 16.4 13.2 21.2 2.7 8.4 6.7 11.1

15 3.9 22.1 17.6 28.5 3.3 11.5 8.6 14.7

The results from this investigation show that measuring the vibration level when the cut is as near the support as the tool under test allows will give a worst-case vibration emission value. It should be noted that the distance between the cut and the edge of the test bench will vary between tools.

18

5 FIELD / SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS

5.1 THE PLAN

Following the laboratory emission test stage of the project it was the intention to take the tools to a number of industrial sites where nibblers and shears are used for various applications. The vibration levels from the tools were to be measured when the tools were used during real applications. This proved to be far more difficult than originally anticipated as the use of hand held nibblers and shears has been gradually phased out from the shop floor environment and replaced by mechanised processes such as plasma cutting. In addition, where once repairs may have been made, for example, to a vehicle body panel, it is now more economical to replace the entire panel. The tools can sometimes be seen on construction sites, for example, during the installation of heating and ventilation systems or fitting of corrugated roof structures when a small amount of trimming is required. However, the trigger times involved in these operations amount to 2-3 seconds at a time, a few times a day when appropriate. When compared to potential shop floor trigger times of a few minutes at a time, dependent on the cut being made, the construction site trigger times become negligible.

5.2 WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED

One site was located where hand held shears (type 2) were still used in the workshop, along side a plasma cutter. The site provides ventilation ductwork products and services to the environmental engineering sector. Such ductwork and associated products are manufactured from varying grades of galvanised steel. Typical tool usage is when access panels need to be cut into the side of a ventilation duct (see Figures 15a and 15b). The size of the access panels, and in turn the amount of time required to cut them, is entirely installation dependent; e.g. 300mm x 300mm to 1000mm x 1000mm. Similarly, when a curved boot saddle, sometimes referred to as a shoe, needs attaching to a main section of duct, the hole required can vary in size from 300mm ∅ to 1500mm ∅ and larger.

Fig15a. Closed access panel Fig15b. Access panel with hatch removed

The test pieces available were 500mm x 500mm x 1200mm box sections of ventilation duct constructed from 1mm thick galvanised steel. These sections had been set aside as scrap but this was not due to any discrepancies in the grade of the material. In order to allow enough operation time for a statistically valid measurement (>8 seconds) access panel templates of 400mm x 400mm were chosen. Three holes per duct side could be cut. To remove as many variables as possible associated with the structural integrity of the duct sections, the three operators were used in the same order for each tool tested and always cut their hole at the same location on the duct (see Figure 16). The measurement conditions were kept as close to a real work situation as possible even though these particular duct sections were not bound for an

19

installation. Triaxial measurements on each tool were made at the same locations as in the laboratory except for tool F where the measurement location was moved to the top of the tool and mechanical filters were added to overcome DC shift. The thickness of the test material was within the cutting capacity for all tools and so data was obtained for all tools. It was apparent from observation of tool usage and the operator’s comments that not all the tools were suitable for this task. The duration of the task was typically between 30 and 60 seconds.

Operator 1

Operator 2

Operator 3

p tHoles from revious measuremen

Fig16. Test material: 1mm thick galvanised steel box section duct

Of the three operators used, operators 2 and 3 were very experienced whereas operator 1 was relatively new to the industry sector with a little shop floor experience of cutting access panels. Operator 1 generally took more time and care over the cuts whereas operators 2 and 3 were more forceful with the tools.

All three operators used a similar cutting technique. All three were right-handed, but constantly swapped hands, used both hands and let go of the tool during operation. This allowed them to work from the side of the work piece. Figures 17a to 17c show how the operators used both hands individually and together to operate the tools. It should be noted that although the operators let go of the tool during its use, this did not unduly affect the vibration levels; these settled early in the average 30-second measurement period.

20

Fig17a. Operator using left hand… Fig17b. Operator using right hand…

Transducers

Cutting mechanism at front of tool

Fig17c. Operator using both hands

5.3 DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

Data acquisition for the field / simulated real tests was as for the laboratory emission tests with the vibration levels also being recorded to DAT. For each operator a sample measurement was made during typical use of the tool. The data were analysed whilst on site using a B&K Pulse multi-channel real time frequency analyser. This was configured to produce one-third octave band frequency spectra for each axis of vibration. From these, the frequency weighted acceleration was calculated by applying the hand arm frequency weighting as defined in BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001 to the vibration spectra.

All of the measurements for all of the tools were used to derive a mean frequency weighted vibration magnitude and associated standard deviation.

5.4 FIELD / SIMULATED REAL RESULTS

Full results from the field / simulated real measurements are given in Appendices A to G. A summary of the overall results is given in Table 7.

21

Table 7. Summary of field / simulated real results (ms-2)

Tool Channel 3 Total value ch1-3 Channel 6 Total value ch4-6

mean std dev mean std dev mean std dev mean std dev Nibblers

A 3.8 0.8 7.2 0.9 B 3.9 1.5 7.8 1.7 3.9 1.7 7.7 1.1 D 7.3 0.6 11.1 2.8 7.0 1.0 10.9 1.1 F 7.4 1.7 12.2 1.5

Shears C 3.2 0.6 7.4 0.6 3.2 0.5 6.4 1.1 E 8.4 2.6 14.4 2.3 5.4 2.1 12.0 2.3 G 3.7 0.6 7.5 1.6

Channels 3 (on top) and 6 (underneath) relate to the z-axis results (direction of reciprocation). Tools B, C, D and E had measurements made on top and underneath the tool for the reasons outlined in sections 3.1 and 4.1. The measurement location for tools A and G was underneath the tool. For tool F the measurement location was on top of the tool. This was due to practical restrictions of mounting the transducer block with mechanical filters. The total values for each measurement location are also given.

Tool C was used without its auxiliary handle. The operators commented that it got in the way of efficient tool use.

22

6 DISCUSSION

6.1 ANALYSIS OF EMISSION DATA

6.1.1 Verification of manufacturer’s declared emission

For comparison of measured and declared emission values, EN 12096:1997 states that if one machine is evaluated, rather than a batch, the manufacturer’s declared emission is verified if the measured vibration emission, a, is less than, or equal to, the manufacturer’s a+K value.

Table 8 shows a comparison of the measured and declared vibration emissions for each tool. Tools A and F were declared with a K value. For those tools without a K value, the K value in the table has been calculated as 0.4 or 0.5 of a, in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 12096:1997 where one machine has been tested. For the HSL measured emission, the K value has been calculated from the individual measurements for the three test subjects, also according to BS EN 12096:1997.

The HSL vibration emission measurements were made according to the test codes as declared by the tool manufacturers. These results are strictly in terms of the z-axis direction (direction of the reciprocating action). The values reported are the highest obtained regardless of whether the tool operation was left handed or right handed.

Table 8. Verification of declared emissions

Tool Declared emission

(z axis) Test material Notes

Measured emission (z axis) Verified

a K a+K a K a+K Nibblers

A 4.0 1.0 5.0

W - 3.1 0.7 3.8 Yes X - 4.5 1.5 6.0 Yes Y - 2.9 0.6 3.5 Yes Z - 4.1 0.7 4.8 Yes

B 3.0 1.5* 4.5 W - 4.0 1.4 5.4 Yes Y - 4.4 1.7 6.1 Yes Z - 3.6 0.7 4.3 Yes

D 2.5 1.3* 3.8

W - 13.7 3.0 16.7 No X - 13.3 3.5 16.8 No Y - 9.9 3.7 13.6 No Z - 10.8 3.4 14.2 No

F 3.08 1.23 4.31 W - 5.7 1.6 7.3 No Y - 5.1 1.4 6.5 No

Shears

C 3.0 1.5* 4.5

W l.h. operation 5.0 1.1 6.1 No W r.h. operation 3.4 0.8 4.2 Yes Y l.h. operation 2.6 0.8 3.4 Yes Y r.h. operation 1.7 0.6 2.3 Yes Z r.h. operation 20.4 4.9 25.3 No

E 5.0 2.5* 7.5 W r.h. bench on left 7.3 2.2 9.5 Yes Y r.h. bench on left 5.9 2.8 8.7 Yes

G 2.5 1.3* 3.8 W - 2.4 1.0 3.4 Yes Y - 2.1 0.7 2.8 Yes

*These values have been estimated in accordance with Annex D of BS EN 12096:1997.

23

6.1.2 Analysis of HSL measured emission – total values

Figures 18a to 21b show the measured emission total values against the standard deviation of the measurement. Displaying the data in this way highlights the grouping of the tools. Figures 18a to 21b are grouped in pairs by test material. Figures ‘a’ show the total values measured underneath the tool for electric and pneumatic tools. Figures ‘b’ show the total values measured underneath the tool for the pneumatic tools and the values measured on top of the tool for the electric tools. This does mean that the data for tools A, F and G is displayed twice.

On test materials W and Y, tool G is consistently of low vibration. This is a type 1 pneumatic shear. Tool G does not appear on the results for materials X and Z as these are outside its cutting capacity.

For all test materials and both measurement locations, tool D has a consistently high vibration level in the range of 10ms-2 to 20ms-2; the standard deviation is relatively consistent, averaging 2.23ms-2. Tool D was favoured during emission testing by all operators as being the most efficient tool.

Tools A and F are consistently grouped together at the lower end of the scale. It should be remembered that both of these tools are pneumatically driven and were therefore not subject to the change in measurement location experienced by the electric tools.

Tool E is anomalous. As described in section 3.2.2.5, it is the only tool where the primary measurement locations were compromised due to the tool design. The main handle, rather than being the body of the tool, is of a hollow plastic design. Previous HSL research has indicated that handles of a similar design and construction may have complex modal resonances that can influence the measured vibration data (HSL reports NV/03/08 and NV/06/18). This may account for the large variation in measurements reflected in the large standard deviation.

Tools B and C are inconsistent, sometimes grouped with the majority of the tools, sometimes separate.

For the electric tools it is possible to calculate the percentage increase (or decrease) in the measured emission value due to the change in measurement location as proposed in the revised text of BS EN 60745-2-8. This is shown in Table 9. The percentages are calculated from the total values measured underneath and on top of the tool.

Table 9. Percentage increase/decrease in total vibration values due to change in measurement location for all electric tools

Test material Tool

B C D E W 55.8 -15.3 20.2 44.5 X - - 10.5 -Y 62.4 -31.4 13.7 43.4 Z -10.0 -0.3 10.0 -

24

ial W ( l)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

a i i -2)

-2)

A B C D

E

F G

Test mater 1.2mm stee

HSL emss on (ms

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n (m

s

Fig18a. a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & BS EN 60745-2-8:2003

ial W ( l)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

a i i -2)

-2)

G A F C

B D

E

Test mater 1.2mm stee

HSL emss on (ms

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n (m

s

Fig18b. a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & EN 60745-2-8prAA

25

Test material X (2.0mm steel) st

anda

rd d

evia

tion

(ms-2

)

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

A

D

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

a HSL emission (ms-2)

Fig19a. a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & BS EN 60745-2-8:2003

Test material X (2.0mm steel)

8.0

7.0

6.0

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n (m

s-2)

D

A

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


Fig19b. a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & EN 60745-2-8prAA

26

40

40

ial Y ( l i

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

a i i -2)

-2)

A C

F B E

D

G

Test mater 1.2mm a umin um)

HSL emss on (ms

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n (m

s

Fig20 a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & BS EN 60745-2-8:2003

Test material Y (1.2mm aluminium)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

-2)

G C A F B

D

E

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n (m

s

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


Fig20 a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & EN 60745-2-8prAA

27

40

ial Z ( l i

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

a i i -2)

-2)

CD

B A

Test mater 2.5mm a umin um)

HSL emss on (ms

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n (m

s

Fig21. a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & BS EN 60745-2-8:2003

Test material Z (2.5mm aluminium)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

-2)

C

D

B

A

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n (m

s

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


Fig21. a HSL emission vs standard deviation: BS EN ISO 8662-10 & EN 60745-2-8prAA

Similar graphical representation can be made using the declared emission values and their respective K factors. This is shown in Figure 22 It can be clearly seen that tool E is separate from all the other tools tested. The remaining tools are more or less grouped together with tool

28

40

6.2

G still showing as the lowest vibration tool. Interestingly, tool D is also shown as low vibration; although this was not verified during emission testing, it was the tool favoured by all operators as being the most efficient.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

a decl i i -2)

K (m

s-2)

A

E

F

10

ared emss on (ms

D, G

B, C

Fig22. a declared emission vs K value

FIELD / SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS

As outlined in section 5.1, the intention for this phase of the project was to take the tools measured in the laboratory to a number of industrial sites where they are used in various applications. The vibration levels from the tools were to be measured when the tools were used during real applications. With a lack of suitable sites, and therefore an inherent lack of field data, it is difficult to draw comparisons between the results from the one site that was found and the extensive laboratory testing that was carried out. Statistical analysis in this case would be invalid. It is however possible to show the results of the field data with certain aspects of the laboratory testing. This is covered further in sections 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. Further applications for the use of nibblers and shears may include the metal roofing and cladding sector and the automotive (repair) industry, although as mentioned in section 5.1, the use of the tools appears to be limited to installation sites and/or very short trigger times.

It should be noted that not all of the tools were suitable for the task of cutting out rectangular pieces of metal in ductwork. Although a thin grade of galvanised steel was used (1mm), cutting 90o corners proved too much for some tools. Cutting out the access panels requires the operators to cut at least four 90o corners. In the case of Tool D this was not possible at all. The field results for tool D represent straight line cuts only (see Figure 23. Tool E, although managing corners, frayed the metal. This is shown in Figure 24 The operators commented that this would be unsatisfactory for production purposes. The operators also commented that in attempting to cut the corners, a coaxing motion helped whereby they moved the tool in a back and forth motion to open up the cutting area. Whilst this may aid the cutting process for shears (the blades

29

being exposed at both the front and rear), it is difficult to ascertain how this would help for nibblers where the cutting edge of the punch is at the leading edge of the tool.

Fig23. Straight line cuts Fig24. Frayed corners

For the tools that in the laboratory were able to cut the thicker test materials X and Z, it was not possible to obtain additional corroborative data in the field. This is unfortunate as in the case of tool C, a vibration magnitude in excess of 30ms-2 was observed when cutting material Z.

It was of interest to observe that the tool in use at the site was identical to tool C used in this project. The tool in question was subjectively the most efficient and adept at performing the task required of it at this site i.e. the right tool for the job. Where other tools required approximately 90 seconds to cut a hole, tool C required a maximum of 30 seconds.

6.2.1 Comparison of single axis emission and simulated real data

Figure 25 shows the single axis field data for each tool with both the declared emission and relative laboratory measured emissions for test material W (1.2mm steel). For four of the seven tools, the field data exceeded both the declared and measured emissions. For two of the seven tools, the field data were lower; this was the case for tool G which has been consistently ranked as the lowest vibration tool even though it was not suitable for this task. In the case of tool F, the field data lies between the declared and measured emissions. Tool E once again demonstrates a wide range of data possibly in part attributable to the alternative transducer mounting locations and design of the handle. It should be remembered that the field data is for one site, one application and one material type and is being shown for indicative purposes only.

Similarly, Figure 26 shows the declared emissions with the triaxial field and measured emission data. For the measured emission data, the total values here represent measurement underneath the tool for tools A, F and G and on top of the tool for B, C, D and E. For the field data, the total values represent measurement underneath the tool for A and G and on top for tools B, C, D, E and F.

30

l i i is

0

5

10

15

20

A B D F C E G

-2)

decl ) site#1 )

Dec ared vs f eld vs measured - s ngle ax

Tool

vibr

atio

n le

vel (

ms

ared a(+K measured a(+K

Fig25. Declared, field and measured emission – single axis

l i is) i iaxial) iaxial)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

A B D F C E G

-2)

decl ) site#1 )

Dec ared (s ngle ax vs f eld (tr vs measured (tr

Tool

vibr

atio

n le

vel (

ms

ared a(+K measured a(+K

Fig26. Declared (single axis), field and measured emission (triaxial)

Table 10 details the numerical values for Figures 25 and 26.

31

Table 10: Summary of single axis emission data & single and triaxial lab and field data (ms-2)

Tool

Declared emission (z axis)

Measured emission (z axis)

Measured emission (triaxial)

Field data (z axis)

Field data (triaxial)

a k a+K a k a+K a k a+K a std dev

a+ std dev

a std dev

a+ std dev

Nibblers A 4.0 1.0 5.0 3.1 0.7 3.8 5.0 1.0 6.0 3.8 0.8 4.6 7.2 0.9 8.1 B 3.0 1.5* 4.5 4.0 1.4 5.4 9.8 3.0 12.8 3.9 1.7 5.6 7.8 1.7 9.5 D 2.5 1.3* 3.8 13.7 3.0 16.7 20.6 4.2 24.8 7.0 1.0 8.0 11.1 2.8 13.9 F 3.08 1.23 4.31 5.7 1.6 7.3 7.1 1.3 8.4 7.4 1.7 9.1 12.2 1.5 13.7

Shears C 3.0 1.5* 4.5 5.0 1.1 6.1 7.4 1.4 8.8 3.2 0.5 3.7 7.4 0.6 8.0 E 5.0 2.5* 7.5 7.3 2.2 9.5 27.9 12.1 40.0 5.4 2.1 7.5 14.4 2.3 16.7 G 2.5 1.3* 3.8 2.4 1.0 3.4 3.4 1.5 4.9 3.7 0.6 4.3 7.5 1.6 9.1

*These values have been estimated in accordance with Annex D of BS EN 12096:1997.

It should be noted that the values for the tool F field data were obtained from a mounting location on top of the tool and not underneath the tool as per the laboratory emission test. This was due to practical restrictions of mounting the transducer block with mechanical filters. There is no data to investigate the difference, if any, between measurements made on top of or underneath this tool.

It is not statistically valid to investigate upper quartile values as it was not possible to obtain sufficient field data. This is covered further in Section 6.3.

6.2.2 Comparison of triaxial emission and simulated real data – the effect of transducer location

Figure 27 shows the triaxial data obtained for each tool under laboratory conditions and in the field (square markers). In the case of the electric tools (B, C, D & E), triaxial data from the proposed new measurement location on top of the tool is also shown (triangle markers).

For the pneumatic tools (A, F & G), where vibration is currently measured underneath the body of the tool, changing to triaxial measurement is still likely to underestimate the in use values of the tools.

For the electric tools, the change to triaxial measurement and measuring on top of the tool is likely to overestimate the in use values of the tools.

Table 11 details the numerical values for Figure 27.

32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

A to

tal e

mis

sion

lab ld

B to

tal e

mis

sion

lab ld ld

F to

tal e

mis

sion

lab ld ld

E to

tal e

mis

sion

lab ld

G to

tal e

mis

sion

lab ld

) i ) ) i )

A to

tal e

mis

sion

fie

B to

tal e

mis

sion

fie

D to

tal e

mis

sion

lab

D to

tal e

mis

sion

fie

F to

tal e

mis

sion

fie

C to

tal e

mis

sion

lab

C to

tal e

mis

sion

fie

E to

tal e

mis

sion

fie

G to

tal e

mis

sion

fie

Freq

uenc

y w

eigh

ted

acce

lera

tion

(m/s

²)

Current std a(+K Rev sed std a(+K Current std a(±1 std dev Rev sed std a(±1 std dev

Fig27. Triaxial lab & field data; current & revised standards

Table 11. Triaxial lab and field data; current & revised standards

Tool

Total triaxial vibration levels (transducers located as per current

test codes) ms-2

Total triaxial vibration levels (transducers located as per revised

test code) ms-2

a K a+K a K a+K Nibblers

A Lab 5.0 1.0 6.0

Field 7.2 0.9 8.1

B Lab 6.3 1.3 7.6 9.8 3.0 12.8

Field 7.7 1.1 8.8 7.8 1.7 9.5

D Lab 17.2 3.3 20.5 20.6 4.2 24.8

Field 10.9 1.1 12.0 11.1 2.8 13.9

F Lab 7.1 1.3 8.4

Field 12.2 1.5 13.7 Shears

C Lab 8.7 2.4 11.1 7.4 1.4 8.8

Field 6.4 1.1 7.5 7.4 0.6 8.0

E Lab 19.3 6.5 25.8 27.9 12.1 40.0

Field 12.0 2.3 14.3 14.4 2.3 16.7

G Lab 3.4 1.5 4.9

Field 7.5 1.6 9.1

33

6.3 EMISSION VALUES AS AN INDICATOR OF RISK

One of the requirements of BS EN ISO 20643:2005 is that new test codes for vibration emission of machines should both measure the total value of the frequency weighted vibration (derived from the root-sum-of-squares of the vibration in three axes) and be designed to produce emission values which correspond to the upper quartile of vibration magnitudes resulting from intended uses of the machinery. In this case it was not statistically valid to calculate the upper quartile values to then be able to assess the suitability of the emission test standard. This is because it was only possible to locate one site where the tool type was still in use in a workshop environment. As Figures 25 and 26 show, it is possible to gain an initial insight as to how field data may vary from emission test data.

It is however possible to show the ratio of the measured a emission total value to the mean field total value. This is shown in Figure 28. A ratio of 1 is achieved if the a emission and mean field values are the same. The value of 1 on the y-axis may be considered as the target value. The error bars on each tool represent the difference that the K value makes to the ratio.

Points below the value of 1 indicate that the emission data underestimate the field data. Points above the value of 1 indicate that the emission data are over estimated.

Details of measurement locations on the tools are given in Table 12.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

A B D F C E G

ad

Tool

Rat

io

em

issi

on:m

ean

fiel

Fig28. Ratio of measured a emission total value to the mean field total value

34

6.4

Table 12. Measurement locations

Tool Location of measurement on tool

HSL measured emission Field data Nibblers

A Underneath Underneath B On top On top D On top On top F Underneath On top

Shears C On top On top E On top On top G Underneath Underneath

Figure 28 shows that for tools A, F and G, the measured emission total value underestimates the mean field total value even when the K value is included. These three tools are all pneumatic. For tools B, C, D and E the measured emission value is either equal to or overestimating the mean field value. These tools are all electric and the emission and field total values obtained in accordance with the proposed draft revision to the electric tools standard (EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006). This confirms the results shown in Figure 26.

TOOL EFFICIENCY

It is possible to look at an example of tool efficiency against a lower vibration, but less suited, tool for a particular task. Tool G has consistently ranked as the lowest vibration tool during this project. This was also the case for the field data, even though the tool was not suited to the task in hand. Tool C was the same model as used by the field site. Using vibration total values for each of the tools it is possible to calculate an operator’s partial exposure based on the field data, the HSL measured emission and the manufacturer’s declared emission. Table 13 shows the results from HSE hand-arm vibration exposure calculator.

Table13. Example of estimating risk from different data sources: Site#1 & HSL data are total triaxial values; manufacturer’s declared emissions are single axis values

Tool Data source Vibration

magnitudes ms-2

Exposure duration mins

Partial exposure ms-2 A(8)

C Site#1

7.4 0.5 0.2 G 7.5 1.5 0.4 C

HSL measured emission 7.4 0.5 0.2

G 3.4 1.5 0.2 C Manufacturer’s declared 3.0 0.5 0.1 G emission 2.5 1.5 0.1

As may be seen from Table 13, if the field data is considered, the partial exposure doubles for tool G. If, however, emission data were used to estimate daily exposure, both the HSL measured values and the manufacturer’s declared values give identical partial exposures. This highlights the issue that the lowest vibration tool isn’t necessarily the most suitable tool for the task. It also

35

shows that the manufacturer’s single axis data potentially underestimates exposure by up to a factor of four in this instance.

36

7 CONCLUSIONS

The main findings of the research are as follows:

1. Manufacturer’s declared emission values as measured according to BS EN ISO 8662-10:1998 and BS EN 50144-2-8:1996 (predecessor to BS EN 60745-2-8) were verified according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997 in 4 out of 7 cases; 2 out of 7 cases were not verifiable. The remaining case was partially verified dependent on the test material and direction of operation.

2. The current standard test methods do not specify one particular test material or a range of test materials. It is therefore unclear to what type of material the manufacturer’s declared emissions relate. This research has shown that for one tool cutting three different types of material, the total vibration value can vary by up to 30ms-2.

3. Based on the data in this study, single axis a emission values may be lower than the total triaxial a emission values by up to 62.2%.

4. There is great potential for vibration levels to vary between materials, operators, tools and a combination of all three factors. Operator skill and experience also play a role.

5. The amount of material to cut off for the purpose of a repeatable and reproducible laboratory test is undetermined due to the amount of variation possible. Varying the width of material to cut off introduces another variable into an already complex situation. The specifications in EN 60745-2-8/prAA will help.

6. For electric tools, the triaxial transducer locations on top of the tool in EN 60745-2-8/prAA will yield a higher vibration value than the current standard test (single axis underneath the tool). For pneumatic tools, BS EN ISO 8662-10 (transducers located underneath the tool) triaxial measurement will yield a higher vibration value than the current single axis requirement.

7. Transducer location influences vibration magnitudes. For electric tools, EN 60745-2-8/prAA overestimates the mean in-use values (transducers on top). For pneumatic tools, BS EN ISO 8662-10 underestimates the mean in-use values (transducers underneath). End users of the tools are at risk of not being in possession of data representative of vibration hazard.

8. It was not possible to investigate in-use values in terms of emission upper quartile data due to a lack of field sites.

9. The current test methods do not take the efficiency of the tool into account. Vibration data should not be used in isolation to identify the best tool for a particular application. Consideration must also be given to the rate of work achieved and suitability for the application.

10. Tools with plastic handles, whether the main handle or an auxiliary handle, can resonate which influences measured vibration data. This can be identified by unrealistically high and/or wide ranging measured vibration data e.g. tool E has a total value range of 22.7ms-2

to 40ms-2.

11. Measuring the vibration level when the cut is as near the test bench as the tool under test allows will give a worst-case scenario i.e. gives the highest value.

37

8 REFERENCES

BS EN ISO 20643:2005 Mechanical vibration. Hand-held and hand-guided machinery. Principles for evaluation of vibration emission.

BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001 Mechanical vibration. Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. General requirements.

BS EN ISO 5349-2:2002 Mechanical vibration. Measurement and assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace.

BS EN 12096:1997 Mechanical vibration. Declaration and verification of vibration emission values.

BS EN ISO 8662-10:1998 Hand-held portable power tools. Measurement of vibrations at the handle. Nibblers and shears.

EN 60745-1/prAA:2005 E Hand-held motor-operated electric tools. Safety. General requirements.

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006 Hand-held motor-operated electric tools. Safety. Particular requirements for shears and nibblers.

BS EN 60745-1:2003 Hand-held motor-operated electric tools. Safety. General requirements.

BS EN 60745-2-8:2003 Hand-held motor-operated electric tools. Safety. Particular requirements for shears and nibblers.

BS EN 50144-1:1999 Safety of hand-held electric motor operated tools. General requirements.

BS EN 50144-2-8:1996 Safety of hand-held electric motor operated tools. Particular requirements for sheet metal shears and nibblers.

NV/03/08 Vibration emission of grinders - comparison of emission data with vibration during real use Phase II - Part 1

NV/06/18 Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use - Polishers and sanders.

HSE hand-arm vibration exposure calculator www.hse.gov.uk/vibration/hav

Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 Statutory Instrument 1992 No.3073

Control of Vibration at Work Regulations Statutory Instrument 2005 No.1093

38

H Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: nibblers and shears

Part 2. Appendices

APPENDIX A – EMISSION & FIELD DATA FOR TOOL A

BS EN ISO 8662-10 Test Report

Tool reference: A PULSE channels 4-6: Throttle

Mass: 2.1 kg Rated speed: rpm

Workpiece: 1.2mm steel sheet

6.3 bar

Test duration: 16 s

Vibration (Hand-arm weighted acceleration)

Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600

Third octave band centre frequency (Hz)

2 )

x-axis y-axis z-axis

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s

Subject 1 Average H-A weighted: x-axis 1.6 m/s2

x-axis y-axis 3.3 m/s2

a: 1.6 m/s2 z-axis 2.8 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:

Accelerometers: - type - fastening - total mass

3.5 m/s2

0.8 m/s2

3.1 m/s2

0.7 m/s2

5.0 m/s2

1.0 m/s2

E Shanks

06-Apr-06

B&K 4393 Block & plastic tie

20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m


Amplifiers: y-axis 3.4 m/s2

- type B&K 2635 z-axis 3.1 m/s2

Analyser: - type B&K Pulse

1.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

- signal integration linear

Subject 3 Average H-A weighted: x-axis y-axis 3.9 m/s2

z-axis 3.4 m/s2





6.3 bar

Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.9 m/s2 z-axis 5.2 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


4.5 m/s2

0.8 m/s2

4.5 m/s2

1.5 m/s2

6.7 m/s2

1.4 m/s2

E Shanks

06-Apr-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.3 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 4.4 m/s2




Workpiece: 1.2mm aluminium sheet

6.3 bar

Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.9 m/s2 z-axis 3.1 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


3.3 m/s2

0.8 m/s2

2.9 m/s2

0.6 m/s2

4.8 m/s2

1.0 m/s2

E Shanks

06-Apr-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.8 m/s2





6.3 bar

Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.7 m/s2 z-axis 4.0 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


5.2 m/s2

0.7 m/s2

4.1 m/s2

0.7 m/s2

6.8 m/s2

0.7 m/s2

E Shanks

06-Apr-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.9 m/s2

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00

RecordDate: MainID: 714 ResultsID: 3975

Site ID: 1 Tool ID: A

InsertedTool:

Occupation: Metalworker Process: Cutting access panels

DC-shift threshold: 10 mm

MainID: 714, ResultsID: 3975

December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency x-axis Underneath

y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.138 0.125 0.14

0.137 0.211 0.123 0.129 0.14

0.156 0.2

0.291 0.458 1.793 3.538 6.664 1.522 1.976 3.055 2.22

3.871 3.456 5.536 5.134 5.187 6.419 8.202 9.89 13.6

22.58 39.72 27.78 27.89 40.44

0.135 0.087 0.087 0.108 0.071 0.113 0.052 0.117 0.091 0.128 0.113 0.15 0.082 0.159 0.071 0.14 0.103 0.159 0.201 0.252 0.34 0.41

0.503 0.48 0.822 0.98 1.083 1.066 7.461 6.809 1.62 1.827

2 1.112 7.508 4.346 3.719 2.721 8.436 7.436 8.123 7.248 9.747 8.156 14.68 11.98 16.7 13

20.84 16.09 13.76 10.38 9.488 6.448 7.983 4.294 9.779 3.07 18.8 6.349

26.33 5.344 23.98 9.022 11.74 9.666

ahw 3.8 4.3 3.7 av 6.9

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.162 0.17

0.337 0.436 0.391 0.462 0.464 0.372 0.399 0.401 0.519 1.377 2.299 7.113 6.86 1.75

4.187 3.862 2.839 2.186 2.468 2.776 3.261 3.616 4.476 5.17

6.083 9.057 19.34 39.94 22.99 19.43 23.01

0.351 0.424 0.403 0.613 0.571 0.983 0.509 0.877 0.32 0.619

0.383 0.859 0.317 0.572 0.305 0.565 0.288 0.391 0.371 0.392 0.425 0.422 1.123 1.066 0.953 1.003 1.991 2.284 5.609 5.009 1.909 1.556 2.595 2.184 6.813 5.663 4.662 4.053 5.833 5.175 6.536 5.62 8.085 6.829 9.769 8.083 15.47 12.34 16.38 13.1 10.01 7.645 7.359 5.006 6.015 3.077 8.821 2.84 17.53 6.328 23.93 5.251 19.56 8.876 9.41 10.15

ahw 5.3 3.8 3.5 av 7.4

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.202 0.209 0.313 0.206 0.308 0.39

0.446 0.503 0.418 0.49

0.475 0.658 0.743 2.125 8.636 1.593 1.297 3.683 1.758 2.777 3.469 4.96

5.201 5.742 6.46 7.9

9.828 14.02 24.69 40.77 25.23 22.74 31.38

0.251 0.527 0.263 0.425 0.206 0.326 0.254 0.536 0.217 0.396 0.233 0.361 0.34 0.495

0.303 0.438 0.297 0.277 0.362 0.251 0.33 0.255 0.41 0.321

0.569 0.423 1.797 0.928 10.79 4.486 1.937 1.255 2.648 1.953 9.972 8.149 5.568 5.128 12.5 11.74

12.63 11.39 16 13.72

16.39 13.8 17.96 14.61 21.84 17.47 17.14 13.18 13.32 9.427 10.36 5.834 12.21 3.838 22.89 7.455 30.82 5.626 22.9 10.63

11.29 11.57 ahw 4.2 6.0 3.8

av 8.2

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.258 0.24

0.333 0.403 0.344 0.387 0.437 0.51

0.305 0.249 0.349 0.381 0.457 0.824 3.231 1.12

0.944 2.056 1.731 3.254 3.828 5.343 6.018 6.769 7.191 9.243 10.54 13.49 21.11 23.87 19.02 21.41 33.52

0.088 0.31 0.268 0.486 0.209 0.444 0.159 0.357 0.186 0.332 0.263 0.383 0.275 0.356 0.311 0.466 0.198 0.356 0.212 0.265 0.218 0.21

0.3 0.26 0.506 0.334 1.468 0.702 9.37 4.359

2.016 1.306 1.992 1.252 8.04 5.737

4.431 3.754 10.84 9.29 12.1 9.867

9.916 7.894 16.44 12.86 17.28 12.83 17.69 12.82 18.14 13.1 11.39 7.814 9.374 5.049 10.98 3.181 20.41 6.771 32.36 8.569 16.78 8.781 11.5 8.843

ahw 2.1 5.1 3.2 av 6.4

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.156 0.209 0.283 0.431 0.499 0.527 0.472 0.531 0.585 0.445 0.476 0.362 0.616 0.782 4.257 1.083 1.237 2.721 2.313 4.196 4.491 6.302 6.236 6.698 7.447 9.038 10.82 14.1

24.57 34.31 23.29 28.38 41.28

0.196 0.103 0.265 0.148 0.223 0.221 0.24 0.18

0.254 0.221 0.269 0.364 0.301 0.387 0.382 0.33 0.424 0.35 0.673 0.807 0.703 0.82 0.698 0.725 1.725 1.959 1.766 1.386 9.385 9.687 2.127 1.758 2.733 1.831 8.166 5.297 5.343 4.582 14.09 12.44 15.66 12.38 12.3 9.54

19.29 14.98 15.8 11.95

16.21 12.31 18.38 13.87 11.67 7.852 9.129 5.02 12.1 3.726

19.85 7.147 31.23 7.65 22.02 9.678 15.64 9.726

ahw 2.6 5.7 5.3 av 8.2

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.191 0.2

0.316 0.293 0.34

0.442 0.374 0.291 0.293 0.295 0.296 0.442 0.474 0.711 3.426 1.065 1.154 2.838 2.054 3.874 4.367 4.938 6.055 7.213 8.105 10.29 12.32 15.3

23.95 28.34 22.98 26.93 38.93

0.212 0.161 0.288 0.262 0.262 0.357 0.31 0.577

0.254 0.396 0.224 0.426 0.27 0.408

0.234 0.414 0.189 0.286 0.218 0.256 0.29 0.345

0.499 0.663 0.657 0.593 1.148 0.74 7.063 5.094 1.78 1.266

2.066 1.262 7.383 4.845 4.445 3.589 9.348 7.655 13.46 10.21 10.23 7.718 15.72 11.78 16.57 12.41 20.03 14.98 17.29 12.85 11.44 7.809 10.1 5.485

10.55 3.659 20.02 7.065 29.59 7.351 17.2 8.395

14.99 8.935 ahw 2.2 4.4 3.3

av 5.9

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

APPENDIX B – EMISSION & FIELD DATA FOR TOOL B

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006

Tool reference: B PULSE channels 1-3: On top of tool

Mass: 2.1 kg Rated speed: 2400 rpm

Workpiece: 1.2mm steel

Operating pressure: n/a bar

Test duration: 16.0 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.4 m/s2 z-axis 4.6 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


8.6 m/s2

3.2 m/s2

4.0 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

9.8 m/s2

3.0 m/s2

E Shanks

10-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



- type Nexus z-axis 4.2 m/s2


2.3 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.2 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998

Tool reference: B PULSE channels 4-6: Underneath tool






Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.4 m/s2 z-axis 4.7 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


4.2 m/s2

1.2 m/s2

4.0 m/s2

1.4 m/s2

6.3 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

E Shanks

10-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.7 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.2 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006



Workpiece: 1.2mm aluminium




Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.9 m/s2 z-axis 4.5 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


9.5 m/s2

2.5 m/s2

4.4 m/s2

1.7 m/s2

10.7 m/s2

2.7 m/s2

E Shanks

10-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.3 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998







Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.2 m/s2 z-axis 4.5 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


4.2 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

4.4 m/s2

1.7 m/s2

6.6 m/s2

1.4 m/s2

E Shanks

10-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.3 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006





Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.6 m/s2 z-axis 4.0 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


5.5 m/s2

1.2 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

0.7 m/s2

7.1 m/s2

1.5 m/s2

E Shanks

14-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.7 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.7 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998





Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.6 m/s2 z-axis 3.9 m/s2

K: 2.2 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


6.5 m/s2

1.1 m/s2

3.6 m/s2

0.7 m/s2

7.9 m/s2

1.9 m/s2

E Shanks

14-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.6 m/s2

00


Site ID: 1 Tool ID: B

InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

Frequency x-axis Top

y-axis z-axis x-axis Underneath

y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.191 0.307 0.166 0.174 0.21 0.414

2 0.221 0.328 0.241 0.178 0.179 0.368 2.5 0.289 0.389 0.302 0.268 0.164 0.367

3.15 0.454 0.448 0.368 0.273 0.188 0.388 4 0.453 0.451 0.401 0.265 0.171 0.441 5 0.433 0.351 0.32 0.295 0.144 0.332

6.3 0.641 0.35 0.388 0.424 0.175 0.383 8 0.548 0.29 0.338 0.308 0.177 0.358

10 0.532 0.253 0.306 0.335 0.128 0.322 12.5 0.374 0.253 0.332 0.269 0.119 0.353

16 0.373 0.28 0.25 0.357 0.148 0.265 20 0.381 0.374 0.315 0.42 0.216 0.324 25 1.922 1.97 1.813 1.973 1.217 1.854

31.5 6.755 8.305 6.623 8.259 5.047 6.829 40 1 1.346 0.771 1.531 0.696 0.794 50 0.914 2.107 1.168 1.127 2.027 1.096 63 2.805 9.308 4.528 4.332 8.9 4.626 80 2.032 5.102 3.319 1.933 6.762 3.399

100 2.377 5.243 3.969 2.618 7.831 4.067 125 2.629 5.156 6.074 3.382 12.86 6.039 160 3.386 4.966 6.387 4.38 16.64 6.482 200 4.226 6.04 6.23 5.512 19.28 6.335 250 5.708 7.417 6.536 7.844 24.97 6.866 315 5.893 5.983 3.55 7.43 18.18 4.021 400 6.921 4.659 2.965 8.134 11.45 2.761 500 11.55 3.364 4.164 14.33 8.019 6.078 630 23.03 4.485 12.06 43.74 7.421 15.66 800 20.35 11.14 16.2 31.4 12.43 10.51

1000 22.72 9.712 42.05 22.86 11.28 18.5 1250 62.45 17.08 92.08 32.35 26.68 32.63 1600 103.7 74.65 122.2 42.8 21.05 42.38 2000 93.1 52.36 90.07 82.82 15.06 56.29 2500 44.83 17.62 65.75 24.41 7.52 60.32 ahw 4.2 5.5 4.3 5.1 5.3 4.4

av 8.2 8.5

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.104 0.145 0.178 0.141 0.104 0.224

2 0.2 0.126 0.14 0.127 0.074 0.203 2.5 0.196 0.166 0.169 0.125 0.105 0.177

3.15 0.278 0.22 0.242 0.215 0.104 0.236 4 0.254 0.19 0.201 0.174 0.09 0.22 5 0.253 0.187 0.198 0.217 0.094 0.216

6.3 0.235 0.143 0.169 0.194 0.092 0.165 8 0.267 0.131 0.171 0.176 0.09 0.176

10 0.346 0.206 0.213 0.216 0.086 0.218 12.5 0.292 0.205 0.167 0.225 0.097 0.175

16 0.647 0.716 0.377 0.477 0.3 0.398 20 0.406 0.633 0.578 0.375 0.237 0.604 25 0.812 2.066 1.621 1.136 0.758 1.687

31.5 4.37 12.26 8.996 6.262 4.559 9.366 40 0.711 1.389 0.902 0.984 0.67 0.919 50 0.761 1.565 0.999 0.863 1.532 0.992 63 2.394 7.533 4.582 3.827 9.363 4.459 80 1.11 3.054 2.296 1.14 4.647 2.336

100 2.568 6.175 4.688 2.452 10.06 4.796 125 2.467 4.666 3.968 2.488 9.598 3.931 160 2.721 4.279 3.978 3.132 11.52 3.938 200 4.162 6.071 4.851 4.858 16.48 4.956 250 5.057 5.784 3.946 6.189 15.54 4.068 315 5.946 5.047 2.902 7.637 15.91 3.289 400 8.077 4.37 2.861 9.379 9.947 2.851 500 10.82 3.183 4.017 13.14 6.208 4.411 630 21.64 5.029 10.55 34.65 6.555 11.47 800 17.85 9.537 14.23 26.72 10.14 10.91

1000 22.2 10.17 36.52 22.18 9.842 14.71 1250 57.44 15.91 87.45 28.81 20.81 25.56 1600 108.4 76.51 119.9 47.55 21.57 30.88 2000 104 54.84 93.61 86.62 14.12 45.96 2500 56.42 17.91 74.4 28.83 8.287 56.24 ahw 2.9 7.1 5.2 3.9 4.7 5.3

av 9.2 8.1

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.098 0.112 0.067 0.081 0.075 0.103

2 0.101 0.138 0.083 0.096 0.068 0.109 2.5 0.147 0.141 0.113 0.118 0.081 0.129

3.15 0.198 0.176 0.138 0.136 0.08 0.145 4 0.204 0.173 0.173 0.159 0.088 0.193 5 0.34 0.197 0.228 0.206 0.096 0.228

6.3 0.401 0.2 0.207 0.228 0.099 0.213 8 0.256 0.134 0.16 0.214 0.088 0.153

10 0.223 0.097 0.147 0.23 0.084 0.146 12.5 0.206 0.12 0.166 0.372 0.087 0.164

16 0.416 0.17 0.274 1.035 0.171 0.289 20 0.318 0.189 0.225 0.782 0.181 0.228 25 0.476 0.93 0.384 0.97 0.69 0.386

31.5 3.564 7.709 2.699 7.922 4.769 2.732 40 0.88 1.681 0.436 1.701 0.732 0.447 50 0.42 1.567 0.736 0.952 1.118 0.753 63 1.935 9.209 4.56 3.408 7 4.543 80 0.783 2.279 1.362 1.115 2.325 1.384

100 1.94 5.192 2.924 1.926 5.119 2.993 125 1.664 4.378 2.724 1.659 6.217 2.688 160 1.975 3.353 2.71 2.183 7.952 2.669 200 2.799 5.017 4.031 3.328 13.47 4.06 250 3.361 4.835 3.591 4.063 14.98 3.748 315 4.189 5.398 3.106 5.4 17.29 3.445 400 6.012 4.016 2.764 6.754 11.03 2.723 500 8.372 2.738 3.688 9.283 5.919 4.092 630 17.86 3.083 8.216 23.7 4.691 9.203 800 15.36 8.29 9.338 20.18 8.445 8.335

1000 15.45 8.355 24.46 17.56 7.189 11.36 1250 37.49 11.7 61.73 21.26 14.22 18.08 1600 77.46 63.92 94.22 41.48 23.54 22.67 2000 106.9 61.35 89.88 94.94 14.7 35.34 2500 50.71 15.56 64.7 36.32 6.47 44.93 ahw 2.3 5.0 2.2 4.6 3.9 2.1

av 5.9 6.4

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

APPENDIX C – EMISSION & FIELD DATA FOR TOOL C

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006

Tool reference: C PULSE channels 1-3: On top of tool


Workpiece: 1.2mm steel left hand operation


Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.5 m/s2 z-axis 4.8 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.6 m/s2

K: 1.9 m/s2

z-axis a: 5.1 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

total a: 7.4 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 16-Aug-06

Accelerometers: - type 4393V - fastening block & plastic tie - total mass 20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



- type B&K Nexus z-axis 5.3 m/s2

Analyser: - type B&K Pulse 2001

2.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 5.4 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998

Tool reference: C PULSE channels 4-6: Underneath tool




Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.1 m/s2 z-axis 4.7 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 6.8 m/s2

K: 2.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 5.0 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 8.7 m/s2

K: 2.4 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 16-Aug-06


Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 5.2 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006 EN 50144-2-8:1998

Tool reference: C PULSE channels 1-3: On top of auxilery handle




Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 12.7 m/s2 z-axis 20.0 m/s2

K: 4.1 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


14.6 m/s2

10.0 m/s2

15.3 m/s2

7.0 m/s2

25.1 m/s2

9.8 m/s2

E Shanks

25-Sep-06

4393V studs/block/glue

20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





13.5 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 12.2 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006



Workpiece: 1.2mm steel right hand operation


Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.2 m/s2 z-axis 3.5 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.7 m/s2

K: 2.6 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.5 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

total a: 6.3 m/s2

K: 1.9 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 16-Aug-06


Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.3 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.1 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998





Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.6 m/s2 z-axis 3.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 5.1 m/s2

K: 1.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.4 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 6.4 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 16-Aug-06


Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.0 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006 EN 50144-2-8:1998

Tool reference: C PULSE channels 1-3: On top of auxiliary handle




Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 9.9 m/s2 z-axis 9.4 m/s2

K: 3.9 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


6.8 m/s2

2.6 m/s2

9.2 m/s2

3.2 m/s2

15.2 m/s2

4.3 m/s2

E Shanks

25-Sep-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





8.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 10.5 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006



Workpiece: 1.2mm aluminium left hand operation


Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.1 m/s2 z-axis 2.3 m/s2

K: 0.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.2 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.7 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

total a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 16-Aug-06


Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.3 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.8 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998





Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.2 m/s2 z-axis 2.2 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.6 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.6 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 5.4 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 16-Aug-06


Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.2 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.8 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006 EN 50144-2-8:1998





Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 9.0 m/s2 z-axis 10.1 m/s2

K: 3.9 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


10.9 m/s2

10.1 m/s2

10.3 m/s2

6.0 m/s2

17.8 m/s2

10.6 m/s2

E Shanks

24-Aug-06

4393V small block, m3 studs & glue

20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





9.5 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 14.4 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006



Workpiece: 1.2mm aluminium right hand operation


Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 0.9 m/s2 z-axis 2.1 m/s2

K: 0.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.0 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.7 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

total a: 2.2 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 15-Aug-06


Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 1.4 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998





Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 0.7 m/s2 z-axis 2.1 m/s2

K: 0.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.5 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.7 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

total a: 3.1 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

Tested by: E Shanks

Date: 15-Aug-06


Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 1.4 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006 EN 50144-2-8:1998





Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 6.7 m/s2 z-axis 8.8 m/s2

K: 1.9 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


4.6 m/s2

1.9 m/s2

8.4 m/s2

2.6 m/s2

11.7 m/s2

3.0 m/s2

E Shanks

24-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





6.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 6.9 m/s2

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006





Test duration: >8 s




a: 9.0 m/s2 z-axis 17.8 m/s2

K: 4.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 23.2 m/s2

Subject 2K: 9.0 m/s2

z-axis 1000.0

0.0






Analyser: - type B&K Pulse 2001 - signal integration linear Subject 3


Subject 3 Average H-A weighted: x-axis y-axis z-axis

10.4 m/s2

21.4 m/s2

22.5 m/s2

Date: 21-Aug-06

Tested by: E Shanks

K: 8.8 m/s2

total a: 32.7 m/s2

a: 21.0 m/s2

K: 4.9 m/s2

400

800

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s

1600

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

)

EN 50144-2-8:1998

Subject 1Tool reference: C

PULSE channels 4-6: Underneath tool 1000.0








8.6 m/s2

21.1 m/s2

22.1 m/s2


a: 20.4 m/s2

K: 4.9 m/s2

0.0

1000.0


Subject 1 x-axis


Average H-A weighted: x-axis 5.7 m/s2

y-axis 24.6 m/s2

a: 6.5 m/s2 z-axis 17.2 m/s2

K: 4.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 24.5 m/s2


z-axis

0.0


Date: 21-Aug-06

Tested by: E Shanks

K: 5.9 m/s2

total a: 32.8 m/s2

Test duration: >8 s

right hand operation Operating pressure: n/a bar



Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

10.0

0.1

1.0

100.0

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m


1.6

1.6

1000.0

100.0

10.0

1.0

0.1

0.0

1.0

0.1

10.0

100.0

3.15

3.15

6.3

6.3

12.5

12.5

2525

5050

100

100

200

200

400

400

800

800

1600

16

00

800

1600

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006 EN 50144-2-8:1998





Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 24.9 m/s2 z-axis 19.3 m/s2

K: 7.4 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


20.1 m/s2

7.9 m/s2

23.4 m/s2

7.5 m/s2

39.9 m/s2

9.5 m/s2

E Shanks

22-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





23.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 26.3 m/s2

00


Site ID: 1 Tool ID: C

InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.083 0.156 0.059 0.094 0.184 0.112

2 0.114 0.143 0.069 0.104 0.087 0.14 2.5 0.153 0.139 0.078 0.142 0.102 0.341

3.15 0.179 0.159 0.082 0.168 0.114 0.338 4 0.218 0.155 0.08 0.189 0.138 0.221 5 0.252 0.215 0.125 0.205 0.164 0.183

6.3 0.204 0.173 0.141 0.167 0.114 0.203 8 0.203 0.178 0.172 0.147 0.099 0.187

10 0.218 0.157 0.16 0.136 0.101 0.176 12.5 0.214 0.167 0.155 0.121 0.108 0.17

16 0.376 0.345 0.338 0.189 0.198 0.339 20 0.286 0.23 0.226 0.129 0.186 0.228 25 0.575 0.612 0.42 0.411 0.425 0.422

31.5 4.928 10.13 4.638 3.882 6.83 4.715 40 1.332 2.496 1.317 1.067 1.79 1.339 50 0.931 0.582 1.023 0.475 0.84 0.473 63 3.147 4.236 1.81 2.607 3.19 1.767 80 1 1.403 0.632 0.818 1.211 0.63

100 2.444 2.044 1.655 2.171 2.376 1.637 125 1.798 1.13 1.267 2.374 2.074 1.206 160 2.212 1.053 1.719 2.069 2.166 1.234 200 2.195 0.926 1.329 2.242 2.411 1.297 250 2.518 1.075 1.688 2.489 3.421 1.572 315 3.015 1.08 1.413 2.878 3.668 1.384 400 4.083 1.173 2.57 4.285 2.818 2.544 500 5.555 1.029 1.869 5.424 2.434 1.955 630 10.16 1.562 5.588 11.37 2.298 5.697 800 12.78 2.239 3.86 14.64 2.726 3.864

1000 11.08 3.423 3.545 11.64 4.469 3.684 1250 10.5 3.265 2.773 11.63 6.546 2.683 1600 6.588 17.95 2.511 11.27 10.1 2.677 2000 19.57 26.99 27.81 30.04 16.64 27.21 2500 29.96 8.312 35.63 15.96 14 40.35 ahw 2.9 5.5 2.6 2.3 3.8 2.6

av 6.8 5.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.163 0.171 0.116 0.135 0.078 0.256

2 0.182 0.157 0.112 0.173 0.104 0.22 2.5 0.19 0.219 0.115 0.184 0.147 0.184

3.15 0.267 0.262 0.163 0.258 0.167 0.218 4 0.247 0.264 0.183 0.22 0.156 0.204 5 0.289 0.258 0.152 0.248 0.184 0.181

6.3 0.28 0.273 0.192 0.228 0.158 0.194 8 0.365 0.258 0.27 0.246 0.14 0.267

10 0.434 0.323 0.288 0.236 0.176 0.28 12.5 0.437 0.299 0.252 0.197 0.168 0.245

16 0.537 0.347 0.432 0.243 0.281 0.435 20 0.525 0.347 0.326 0.237 0.234 0.32 25 0.996 0.722 0.675 0.6 0.697 0.677

31.5 6.569 9.4 6.545 4.149 8.717 6.495 40 1.498 1.898 1.373 1.075 1.575 1.374 50 0.79 0.65 0.793 0.641 0.915 0.791 63 4.02 3.968 2.934 3.538 7.036 2.911 80 1.229 1.142 0.898 0.997 1.722 0.9

100 2.82 2.186 2.118 2.356 3.756 2.105 125 2.55 1.511 1.804 2.556 3.461 1.783 160 2.159 1.293 1.604 2.167 2.837 1.559 200 2.286 1.137 2.114 2.347 3.763 2.065 250 2.659 1.207 2.277 2.567 4.853 2.21 315 3.055 1.221 2.034 2.881 5.006 1.953 400 4.256 1.276 2.745 4.318 3.301 2.721 500 5.696 1.084 2.13 5.822 2.643 2.211 630 10.97 1.471 5.66 11.36 2.337 5.699 800 11.56 2.298 3.683 12.61 2.745 3.689

1000 10.15 3.688 3.359 11.15 4.975 3.648 1250 10.37 3.614 2.446 11.37 7.294 3.209 1600 6.376 17.78 2.964 12.38 10.17 4.002 2000 27.43 27.76 36.19 42.16 22.95 33.2 2500 26.75 7.694 32.25 16.99 12 32.19 ahw 3.9 5.1 3.7 2.6 5.1 3.6

av 7.4 6.8

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.264 0.491 0.212 0.282 0.228 0.336

2 0.287 0.625 0.23 0.319 0.236 0.349 2.5 0.342 0.679 0.376 0.344 0.289 0.465

3.15 0.747 0.789 0.485 0.736 0.349 0.458 4 0.994 0.82 0.561 0.874 0.406 0.55 5 1.134 0.977 0.817 0.982 0.527 0.834

6.3 0.993 0.856 0.829 0.793 0.47 0.81 8 0.922 1.11 1.229 0.622 0.429 1.209

10 0.94 0.822 0.735 0.494 0.32 0.73 12.5 0.865 0.54 0.553 0.383 0.263 0.526

16 0.805 0.574 0.442 0.323 0.29 0.428 20 0.97 0.495 0.504 0.484 0.361 0.507 25 1.808 1.261 1.036 1.229 1.062 1.065

31.5 7.532 9.151 4.874 4.94 9.198 4.999 40 2.347 2.376 1.712 1.986 2.292 1.75 50 1.07 0.802 0.858 1.034 1.299 0.79 63 3.407 3.598 3.136 3.433 7.717 3.173 80 1.201 1.228 1.124 1.27 2.189 1.128

100 2.516 1.97 2.43 2.485 3.904 2.415 125 2.224 1.226 2.384 2.668 3.976 2.369 160 2.154 1.119 2.177 2.345 3.948 2.097 200 2.148 1.277 2.476 2.264 5.007 2.403 250 2.741 1.441 2.781 2.71 6.32 2.667 315 3.192 1.338 2.297 2.995 6.22 2.173 400 4.332 1.336 3.018 4.542 3.887 2.972 500 5.557 1.055 2.123 6.044 2.753 2.187 630 10.58 1.515 5.475 12.74 2.378 5.48 800 12.48 2.366 3.724 14.28 2.908 3.665

1000 10.26 3.744 3.519 11.19 5.023 3.697 1250 10.42 3.797 2.422 10.89 7.393 3.362 1600 6.378 17.95 3.237 12.45 9.717 4.745 2000 29.28 25.02 35.69 41.84 21.93 34.05 2500 24.62 7.653 30.56 16.83 11.19 32.49 ahw 4.8 5.3 3.3 3.3 5.5 3.4

av 7.9 7.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

APPENDIX D – EMISSION & FIELD DATA FOR TOOL D

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006

Tool reference: D PULSE channels 1-3: On top of tool




Test duration: >8s s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.4 m/s2 z-axis 16.3 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


13.9 m/s2

3.1 m/s2

14.8 m/s2

3.4 m/s2

20.6 m/s2

4.2 m/s2

E Shanks

09-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





4.3 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 13.5 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998

Tool reference: D PULSE channels 4-6: Underneath tool






Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.2 m/s2 z-axis 14.9 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


9.8 m/s2

2.1 m/s2

13.7 m/s2

3.0 m/s2

17.2 m/s2

3.3 m/s2

E Shanks

09-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





3.1 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 12.5 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006







Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.3 m/s2 z-axis 12.3 m/s2

K: 2.2 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


13.0 m/s2

3.5 m/s2

14.2 m/s2

3.6 m/s2

19.6 m/s2

4.8 m/s2

E Shanks

08-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 15.5 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998







Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.7 m/s2 z-axis 11.5 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


11.3 m/s2

3.2 m/s2

13.3 m/s2

3.5 m/s2

17.7 m/s2

4.7 m/s2

E Shanks

08-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.2 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 14.7 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006







Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.2 m/s2 z-axis 12.9 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


9.5 m/s2

2.7 m/s2

10.5 m/s2

4.0 m/s2

14.3 m/s2

4.7 m/s2

E Shanks

09-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 10.0 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998







Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.0 m/s2 z-axis 12.2 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


7.1 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

9.9 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

12.6 m/s2

3.6 m/s2

E Shanks

09-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





3.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 9.3 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006







Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.7 m/s2 z-axis 11.4 m/s2

K: 1.8 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


10.6 m/s2

3.5 m/s2

11.4 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

15.9 m/s2

5.0 m/s2

E Shanks

08-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.2 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 9.7 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998







Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.4 m/s2 z-axis 10.7 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


9.3 m/s2

3.9 m/s2

10.8 m/s2

3.4 m/s2

14.4 m/s2

5.1 m/s2

E Shanks

08-Aug-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 9.2 m/s2

00


Site ID: 1 Tool ID: D

InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.07 0.119 0.059 0.056 0.08 0.053

2 0.124 0.185 0.097 0.08 0.107 0.096 2.5 0.145 0.15 0.097 0.087 0.094 0.083

3.15 0.204 0.131 0.099 0.104 0.077 0.078 4 0.206 0.083 0.077 0.135 0.055 0.078 5 0.225 0.088 0.084 0.112 0.052 0.077

6.3 0.172 0.093 0.069 0.09 0.057 0.077 8 0.135 0.072 0.103 0.076 0.041 0.103

10 0.116 0.102 0.187 0.119 0.078 0.184 12.5 0.113 0.1 0.13 0.12 0.071 0.131

16 0.109 0.126 0.205 0.102 0.085 0.211 20 0.091 0.152 0.198 0.132 0.094 0.201 25 1.276 4.422 4.014 0.934 2.861 3.779

31.5 4.539 15.26 14.01 3.476 10.14 13.13 40 0.278 0.949 0.949 0.221 0.719 0.893 50 0.658 2.078 1.765 0.447 2.377 1.676 63 2.214 7.673 6.237 1.609 9.168 5.909 80 3.54 6.56 6.262 2.79 4.141 6.111

100 3.199 5.757 5.267 2.806 6.522 5.019 125 3.389 11.83 9.504 4.264 20.59 8.415 160 3.605 7.596 8.796 4.561 25.21 7.259 200 4.762 8.858 5.37 5.539 28.58 4.899 250 8.362 15.79 8.895 10.19 39.89 10.28 315 10.61 10.65 12.48 13.39 32.32 12.92 400 16.03 6.364 8.508 19.95 21.73 9.881 500 34.68 4.889 10.34 37.29 17.38 13.68 630 30.54 5.28 9.784 29.48 11.23 14.15 800 21.53 6.23 5.522 23.54 11.53 7.868

1000 12.59 9.066 11.05 18.95 26.28 9.003 1250 15.9 15.37 23.54 22.58 24.2 12.36 1600 25.41 30.71 24.78 31.88 16.07 21.92 2000 38.02 29.95 15.27 45.24 18.15 35.15 2500 19.78 21.3 32.45 24.77 13.14 59.47 ahw 3.3 9.1 8.3 3.0 8.2 7.8

av 12.7 11.7

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.04 0.179 0.099 0.073 0.148 0.125

2 0.054 0.135 0.053 0.043 0.111 0.109 2.5 0.055 0.114 0.068 0.06 0.12 0.096

3.15 0.075 0.144 0.069 0.066 0.124 0.096 4 0.108 0.11 0.062 0.079 0.091 0.06 5 0.115 0.092 0.087 0.082 0.067 0.095

6.3 0.125 0.079 0.099 0.084 0.048 0.118 8 0.113 0.078 0.103 0.071 0.051 0.12

10 0.071 0.065 0.065 0.078 0.036 0.069 12.5 0.065 0.061 0.057 0.082 0.048 0.059

16 0.049 0.073 0.131 0.076 0.071 0.133 20 0.047 0.115 0.152 0.07 0.071 0.157 25 1.276 5.272 3.963 1.03 2.812 3.749

31.5 3.784 16.09 12.22 3.027 8.653 11.55 40 0.245 0.719 0.529 0.177 0.403 0.501 50 0.844 2.055 1.933 0.461 3.192 1.822 63 2.44 7.094 6.219 1.436 11.19 5.867 80 2.714 8.633 10.84 1.968 11.3 10.38

100 1.961 6.162 7.505 1.503 8.54 7.162 125 2.194 9.796 8.999 2.253 15.84 8.282 160 2.701 9.97 10.52 4.735 27.37 8.966 200 3.307 10.99 7.827 6.578 32.95 6.597 250 6.193 16.29 9.592 9.188 38.79 10.52 315 7.619 9.967 11.85 13.72 30.46 11.84 400 10.94 6.512 8.171 14.61 21.25 8.901 500 18.28 4.756 7.929 18.88 14.34 10.61 630 24.8 5.167 10.52 25.9 10.45 15.16 800 14.74 7.405 6.326 17.69 12.79 9.398

1000 8.576 8.252 8.263 10.56 17.31 5.217 1250 14.79 11.58 18.54 18.96 19.29 10.24 1600 22.91 22.37 18.24 21.31 15.29 12.37 2000 26.13 26.6 14.47 38.26 15.03 22.49 2500 16.76 19.36 29.58 28.94 14 33.7 ahw 2.6 9.7 7.7 2.4 8.2 7.3

av 12.7 11.3

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis



y-axis z-axis 1.6 0.133 0.145 0.054 0.1 0.078 0.054

2 0.262 0.191 0.077 0.151 0.107 0.064 2.5 0.307 0.153 0.092 0.146 0.117 0.086

3.15 0.324 0.234 0.156 0.171 0.132 0.163 4 0.404 0.359 0.274 0.192 0.21 0.287 5 0.333 0.221 0.333 0.163 0.135 0.324

6.3 0.32 0.287 0.462 0.183 0.205 0.452 8 0.32 0.327 0.436 0.255 0.195 0.431

10 0.246 0.355 0.303 0.197 0.187 0.298 12.5 0.16 0.203 0.215 0.244 0.119 0.213

16 0.1 0.194 0.153 0.218 0.109 0.151 20 0.119 0.174 0.182 0.138 0.153 0.185 25 0.917 1.783 3.171 1.38 1.884 3.079

31.5 3.079 6.332 9.683 3.63 5.888 9.38 40 0.319 0.42 0.556 0.33 0.446 0.539 50 1.434 1.542 1.225 0.988 2.792 1.28 63 2.413 4.93 3.584 3.02 9.478 3.743 80 2.643 3.323 3.655 2.553 9.197 3.63

100 3.023 3.916 3.744 2.638 9.338 3.566 125 3.491 9.584 8.71 3.549 22.98 7.971 160 4.269 6.522 8.195 4.148 22.22 7.33 200 4.206 10.62 5.11 5.894 26.36 4.72 250 7.341 12.49 10.21 9.651 35.61 11.69 315 9.323 13.54 17.48 13.34 35.51 18.68 400 16.18 6.696 10.12 20.32 20.79 11.34 500 30.66 5.833 12.03 31.25 20.1 16.2 630 24.34 5.319 10.91 24.54 10.83 15.92 800 19.09 7.011 5.64 21.79 10.9 9.624

1000 11.49 10.8 10.65 20.6 26.08 7.984 1250 17.25 19.9 24.6 24.29 18.59 12.32 1600 31.63 41.44 27.48 33.22 15.64 20.25 2000 39.05 33.63 15.24 56.88 22.19 41.33 2500 19.59 19.55 28.33 32.2 16.18 63.3 ahw 2.7 4.4 6.0 3.1 7.1 5.8

av 7.9 9.7

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

APPENDIX E – EMISSION & FIELD DATA FOR TOOL E

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006

Tool reference: E PULSE channels 1-3: Front of tool handle


Workpiece: 1.2mm steel right hand operation - manf instr


Test duration: >8 s




a: 20.5 m/s2 z-axis 10.6 m/s2

K: 8.0 m/s2

y-axis a: 12.0 m/s2


z-axis 1000.0

0.0

Accelerometers: - type 4393V - fastening studs/block/glue - total mass 20 g








26.1 m/s2

12.9 m/s2

22.0 m/s2

Date: 26-Sep-06

Tested by: E Shanks

K: 12.1 m/s2

total a: 27.9 m/s2

a: 13.9 m/s2

K: 11.2 m/s2

400

800

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s

1600

EN 50144-2-8:1998

Tool reference: E PULSE channels 4-6: Side of tool handle


Workpiece: 1.2mm steel right hand operation - manf instr


Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 11.7 m/s2 z-axis 7.5 m/s2

K: 3.8 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


13.3 m/s2

7.0 m/s2

7.3 m/s2

2.2 m/s2

19.3 m/s2

6.5 m/s2

E Shanks

26-Sep-06

4393V block & plastic tie

20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





14.1 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 8.2 m/s2

EN 60745-2-8/prAA April 2006

Tool reference: E PULSE channels 1-3: Front of tool handle


Workpiece: 1.2mm aluminium right hand operation - manf instr


Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 12.5 m/s2 z-axis 4.3 m/s2

K: 4.7 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


5.8 m/s2

2.5 m/s2

8.5 m/s2

5.9 m/s2

16.4 m/s2

6.3 m/s2

E Shanks

26-Sep-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





15.5 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 11.2 m/s2

EN 50144-2-8:1998

Tool reference: E PULSE channels 4-6: Side of tool handle


Workpiece: 1.2mm aluminium right hand operation - manf instr


Test duration: >8 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 7.2 m/s2 z-axis 5.4 m/s2

K: 2.1 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


6.4 m/s2

2.2 m/s2

5.9 m/s2

2.8 m/s2

11.5 m/s2

2.7 m/s2

E Shanks

26-Sep-06

4393V block & plastic tie

20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





8.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 7.2 m/s2

00


Site ID: 1 Tool ID: E

InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

Frequency x-axis Front y-axis z-axis x-axis

Side y-axis z-axis

1.6 0.071 0.086 0.02 0.095 0.09 0.068 2 0.105 0.099 0.025 0.132 0.086 0.125

2.5 0.156 0.086 0.026 0.181 0.095 0.061 3.15 0.174 0.152 0.037 0.194 0.171 0.057

4 0.265 0.177 0.047 0.303 0.189 0.067 5 0.304 0.22 0.07 0.325 0.254 0.062

6.3 0.287 0.247 0.086 0.285 0.271 0.058 8 0.263 0.178 0.083 0.255 0.194 0.087

10 0.3 0.19 0.147 0.283 0.21 0.135 12.5 1.243 1.065 2.826 1.089 1.299 2.183

16 0.814 0.493 1.127 0.662 0.591 0.904 20 0.771 0.389 0.708 0.544 0.47 0.57 25 12.69 11.56 15.57 10.33 14.06 9.204

31.5 5.206 4.06 5.419 4.004 4.945 3.353 40 2.244 1.434 2.24 1.57 1.678 2.172 50 9.499 7.892 7.452 6.373 9.687 4.026 63 5.172 3.839 3.464 3.297 4.735 2.028 80 8.381 3.373 3.28 5.001 4.588 2.644

100 5.449 1.572 2.064 3.041 2.393 1.954 125 5.395 1.822 2.151 3.366 2.522 1.818 160 5.227 1.657 2.167 3.615 2.376 1.867 200 6.591 1.828 2.141 6.138 2.453 2.297 250 8.7 2.067 2.399 9.061 2.684 3.226 315 6.232 3.737 3.886 6.214 4.748 3.203 400 14.41 11.88 7.107 6.425 16.63 12.01 500 5.65 7.779 5.213 2.269 10.01 5.468 630 3.446 4.05 2.842 2.363 4.548 7.465 800 4.28 4.529 6.197 5.069 6.683 10.52

1000 7.939 9.089 18.52 9.803 10.02 10.27 1250 11.2 26.24 16.56 19.16 11.18 15.68 1600 11.16 19.67 5.059 9.985 3.488 13.02 2000 7.987 25.95 11.32 5.216 5.641 10.08 2500 7.406 24.81 15.39 6.256 4.865 12.21 ahw 9.7 8.4 11.3 7.7 10.3 6.9

av 17.1 14.5

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


Side y-axis z-axis

1.6 0.098 0.213 0.049 0.21 0.248 0.155 2 0.139 0.275 0.053 0.273 0.261 0.197

2.5 0.195 0.33 0.064 0.332 0.366 0.186 3.15 0.359 0.491 0.087 0.492 0.526 0.169

4 0.38 0.432 0.092 0.43 0.467 0.117 5 0.367 0.442 0.109 0.416 0.48 0.132

6.3 0.449 0.428 0.152 0.481 0.461 0.14 8 0.457 0.495 0.222 0.411 0.523 0.264

10 0.451 0.554 0.522 0.422 0.627 0.359 12.5 0.518 0.631 0.676 0.398 0.722 0.44

16 0.66 0.985 0.685 0.49 1.098 0.596 20 1.331 1.84 0.924 0.942 2.051 0.84 25 11.48 6.957 10.91 7.725 8.792 9.147

31.5 4.638 2.538 3.866 2.992 3.218 3.065 40 1.53 0.911 0.816 0.909 1.089 0.73 50 10.19 6.356 6.677 6.839 7.801 4.041 63 4.341 2.546 2.779 2.796 3.111 1.824 80 8.07 2.951 3.122 4.235 3.775 2.301

100 6.222 2.083 2.772 3.591 2.926 2.022 125 6.029 2.016 2.597 3.842 2.608 1.936 160 5.241 1.982 2.543 3.639 2.67 1.932 200 6.311 2.484 3.15 5.86 3.118 2.391 250 7.308 3.092 3.757 8.116 3.852 3.216 315 6.05 4.827 5.218 6.214 5.949 3.7 400 12.5 11.95 8.801 7.05 15.77 10.6 500 5.245 9.147 6.753 2.353 10.71 6.627 630 3.752 4.836 3.392 2.309 4.722 5.902 800 5.362 6.139 8.509 4.359 7.333 8.229

1000 6.2 8.502 16.42 8.14 9.631 10.21 1250 14.56 24.95 11.84 18.31 7.314 17.24 1600 10.22 17.5 7.147 8.795 3.176 12.87 2000 8.316 27.85 13.28 5.672 4.36 10.45 2500 8.91 23.13 15.7 6.11 4.268 10.79 ahw 9.0 5.6 7.9 6.0 7.0 6.4

av 13.2 11.3

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


Side y-axis z-axis

1.6 0.108 0.14 0.048 0.126 0.462 0.102 2 0.157 0.274 0.069 0.184 0.351 0.115

2.5 0.272 0.419 0.072 0.315 0.511 0.146 3.15 0.32 0.489 0.077 0.368 0.61 0.154

4 0.539 0.813 0.112 0.599 0.858 0.26 5 0.689 0.825 0.2 0.715 0.864 0.221

6.3 0.686 0.723 0.213 0.694 0.753 0.285 8 0.726 0.709 0.346 0.705 0.746 0.441

10 0.781 0.528 0.439 0.729 0.569 0.49 12.5 0.716 0.512 0.622 0.565 0.538 0.643

16 0.869 0.42 0.506 0.592 0.483 0.476 20 1.41 0.53 0.832 0.884 0.685 0.727 25 11.86 7.074 8.071 7.647 8.849 4.78

31.5 6.585 3.91 4.351 4.228 4.852 2.444 40 1.954 0.647 0.924 1.121 0.842 0.824 50 11.43 5.008 4.376 7.024 6.435 3.239 63 6.485 2.867 2.398 3.863 3.669 1.853 80 8.995 2.571 2.576 4.596 3.34 2.333

100 6.794 1.643 2.121 3.692 2.491 1.995 125 6.343 1.648 2.326 3.826 2.353 2.065 160 5.807 1.741 2.262 4.278 2.272 1.971 200 6.743 1.997 2.48 6.641 2.555 2.31 250 8.361 2.492 2.992 8.822 3.13 3.222 315 6.185 3.644 3.89 5.861 4.517 3.049 400 13.12 12.29 7.301 6.148 15.52 11.1 500 5.218 8.958 6.39 2.264 10.18 6.153 630 3.968 5.151 3.302 2.325 4.532 6.971 800 4.082 6.435 8.552 4.729 7.175 10.05

1000 6.838 8.581 10.59 10.83 10 10.16 1250 16.25 22.8 10.78 19.84 11.38 17.79 1600 11.59 18.48 8.304 8.676 3.457 13.51 2000 8.269 29.22 14.16 5.712 3.85 10.67 2500 7.774 22.7 14.59 6.831 4.003 10.45 ahw 9.9 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.9 3.8

av 12.9 10.1

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

APPENDIX F – EMISSION & FIELD DATA FOR TOOL F


Tool reference: F PULSE channels 4-6: Throttle



6.3 bar

Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.0 m/s2 z-axis 5.9 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


3.8 m/s2

0.5 m/s2

5.7 m/s2

1.6 m/s2

7.1 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

E Shanks

05-Apr-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 6.0 m/s2


Subject 1Tool reference: F

PULSE channels 4-6: Throttle 1000.0Mass: 0.8 kg

Rated speed: 3000 rpm

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

100.0

Workpiece: 1.2mm aluminium sheet 10.0 x-axis

y-axis z-axis

6.3 bar 1.0

0.1

Test duration: 16 s 0.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


Subject 1 x-axis


Average H-A weighted: x-axis 1.6 m/s2

y-axis 3.5 m/s2

a: 1.7 m/s2 z-axis 5.9 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


3.6 m/s2

0.6 m/s2

5.1 m/s2

1.4 m/s2

6.5 m/s2

1.2 m/s2

E Shanks

05-Apr-06


20 g Subject 2 Average H-A weighted: x-axis 1.6 m/s2




1.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 4.5 m/s2

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00


Site ID: 1 Tool ID: F

InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.096 0.08

0.088 0.101 0.144 0.185 0.204 0.196 0.219 0.23

0.258 0.319 0.605 7.09

10.63 3.233 5.793 5.409 3.643 3.456 3.849

4.7 5.268 5.833 7.104 9.888 14.69 18.1

22.25 35.61 59.61 73.24 91.88

0.097 0.104 0.122 0.141 0.163 0.218 0.151 0.13

0.115 0.13

0.135 0.219 0.506 6.671 13.27 7.361

13 15.09 6.818 5.319 9.67

8.259 8.013 9.432 12.2

19.73 22.18 20.51 16.64

14 18.19 39.4

47.12

0.049 0.057 0.073 0.086 0.106 0.127 0.118 0.12

0.124 0.174 0.159 0.211 0.402 5.065 10.55 7.552 11.1

13.27 6.48

6.457 9.14

7.017 5.924 7.304 12.16 16.97 20.23 29.21 45.77 54.36 80.18 78.64 70.28

ahw 6.3 8.5 7.2 av 12.8

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.156 0.152 0.148 0.197 0.221 0.305 0.327 0.299 0.272 0.252 0.33

0.641 1.514 8.897 7.584 4.527 6.818 4.874 6.234 4.379 4.898 5.959 6.54

7.054 7.613 10.65 15.25 17.9

23.96 34.77 63.46 76.19 93.31

0.187 0.213 0.203 0.172 0.14

0.189 0.163 0.116 0.087 0.104 0.112 0.15

0.589 6.975 9.032 7.188 16.63 10.62 6.883 4.626 7.073 8.425 6.841 8.751 10.14 15.15 18.46 16.7 16.5

14.01 17.73 46.1

63.42

0.086 0.102 0.108 0.106 0.108 0.14

0.135 0.116 0.115 0.146 0.199 0.321 1.053 3.87 5.93

5.775 12.01 7.894 5.796 5.51

6.093 6.664 5.932 8.494 11.86 14.83 18.44 27.29 42.72 51.86 75.4

81.19 67.16

ahw 6.4 7.7 5.5 av 11.4

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.124 0.154 0.243 0.206 0.195 0.208 0.201 0.18

0.251 0.248 0.291 0.536 1.641 7.143 4.107 3.006 7.858 3.478 5.739 5.085 4.835 4.548 5.607 7.492 8.305 12.01 15.01 17.56 24.27 42.69 59.91 95.7

102.4

0.117 0.13

0.164 0.172 0.112 0.132 0.105 0.119 0.108 0.109 0.121 0.146 0.778 8.189 3.832 3.076 15.41 4.82

8.932 8.957 14.04 9.565 11.36 11.94 13.37 20.9

29.81 19.47 19.25 21.53 25.88 45.7

61.84

0.06 0.073 0.12

0.132 0.099 0.111

0.1 0.102 0.118 0.149 0.143 0.26

1.516 16.1

6.597 4.665 15.1

4.998 8.832 8.161 7.615 6.442 6.986 6.833 11.74 14.23 19.23 29.07 40.35 67.97 93.21 116.8 87.88

ahw 5.1 6.8 10.1 av 13.2

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.093 0.145 0.171 0.155 0.152 0.246 0.325 0.378 0.407 0.354 0.506 1.106 3.337 12.06 6.362 4.595 14.92 5.632 6.238 5.78

4.275 3.95

4.417 6.047 8.444 10.44 12.68 15.76 22.76 32.61 51.04 77.8

95.61

0.175 0.228 0.429 0.393 0.253 0.166 0.209 0.191 0.155 0.183 0.277 0.507 2.241 9.552 5.679 6.714 15.02 6.081 6.454 10.62 9.231 10.92 9.857 11.73 13.38 18.88 23.66 17.33 17.36 22.54 24.34 45.97 49.95

0.084 0.104 0.239 0.241 0.184 0.13

0.179 0.145 0.152 0.143 0.227 0.514 2.961 14.79 9.051 8.467 13.15 7.869 11.54 16.42 6.439 7.51

5.864 7.154 10.07 15.64 21.96 30.45 33.56 64.74 84.2

115.3 86.45

ahw 8.5 7.7 10.4 av 15.5

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.124 0.167 0.225 0.169 0.207 0.252 0.251 0.271 0.413 0.366 0.421 0.347 1.345 8.794 2.659 1.916 5.095 2.219 4.596 2.635 3.551 5.363 5.908 6.331 9.143 12.33 15.31 16.67 25.72 38.64 71.12 89.25 106.2

0.097 0.122 0.138 0.171 0.153 0.19

0.147 0.199 0.128 0.12

0.153 0.171 0.89

6.567 2.886 4.051 12.29 4.076 9.854 7.774 11.88 11.24 12.49 12.32 14.91 23.04 25.72 16.69 19.29 20.46 21.75 51.01 72.56

0.059 0.09

0.119 0.127 0.109 0.138 0.123 0.159 0.13

0.131 0.133 0.166 1.307 10.37 3.782 5.368 8.533 4.001 10.21 9.23

6.949 8.676 6.325 8.215 12.76 15.22 20.81 28.97 43.16 64.11 95.05 121.9 84.14

ahw 5.3 5.8 6.9 av 10.5

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.184 0.3

0.458 0.409 0.42

0.361 0.459 0.514 0.573 0.59

0.628 1.485 5.604 6.277 4.01

6.512 5.511 5.688 4.65

5.165 5.287 5.248 6.081 7.147 8.855 11.54 14.34 17.34 22.7

32.71 60.95 86.16 106.4

0.111 0.138 0.263 0.442 0.378 0.336 0.485 0.466 0.377 0.313 0.316 0.661 2.664 4.991 3.488 8.728 12.09 9.301 7.797 9.89

12.46 8.872 12.26 11.66 12.29 18.32 22.88 18.18 17.03 22.65 24.26 40.13 48.92

0.066 0.076 0.175 0.236 0.242 0.248 0.326 0.307 0.372 0.342 0.354 1.034 3.351 7.074 3.967 6.831 9.092 7.776 9.689 10.59 10.01 6.711 7.052 7.854 8.482 12.83 22.39 30.45 34.76 57.56 80.37 115.7 78.35

ahw 6.3 6.4 6.5 av 11.1

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.174 0.173 0.171 0.223 0.206 0.287 0.294 0.365 0.541 0.474 0.338 0.638 4.62

9.645 3.188 5.484 4.993 3.898 4.376 4.256 4.483 4.514 7.833 8.922 9.188 13.26 15.58 18.33 23.99 31.65 55.41 80.7

104.7

0.091 0.196 0.187 0.195 0.315 0.578 0.343

0.3 0.221 0.212 0.142 0.214 3.293 6.928 3.179 6.234 14.41 4.865 4.605 4.242 8.332 8.827 10.44 10.73 12.57 17.59 20.95 15.67 18.78 21.53 23.12 41.63 51.48

0.084 0.13

0.128 0.135 0.213 0.431 0.243 0.26

0.257 0.216 0.163 0.261

3.4 7.841 2.866 5.474 10.73 2.678 4.741 6.543 5.216 6.018 5.687 6.618 9.343 13.43 21.28 29.47 40.22 63.65 84.02 122.6 80.3

ahw 6.7 6.5 6.1 av 11.1

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.179 0.138 0.172 0.214 0.247 0.303 0.361 0.446 0.498 0.411 0.374 1.094 3.256 13.03 3.286 3.974 4.804 3.772 4.828 5.242 3.346 4.255 5.022 6.574 9.834 12.4

15.84 18.6 24.9

33.67 55.95 97.78 108.9

0.111 0.102 0.132 0.179 0.235 0.342 0.369 0.324 0.229 0.228 0.137 0.228 1.234 5.961 3.193 6.255 20.84 4.669 5.883 5.854 9.431 9.127 11.29 9.883 10.3

15.61 22.12 15.79 18.59 24.61 27.46 43.27 48.11

0.066 0.059 0.088 0.119 0.172 0.239 0.246 0.236 0.183 0.173 0.173 0.438 2.167 10.03 3.737 6.744 13.23 3.401 5.643 7.972 8.676 7.169 6.412 6.873 6.727 10.42 19.28 32.16 39.01 61.26 81.97 130.1 91.73

ahw 7.7 7.1 7.3 av 12.8

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.136 0.178 0.306 0.341 0.523 0.592 0.456 0.353 0.389 0.358 0.616 0.851 5.239 10.56 3.071 5.509 8.089 4.872 4.719 5.394 3.753 4.739 5.671 7.127 8.859 12.56 16.6

21.66 29.57 39.95 62.22 101.4

102

0.153 0.218 0.418 0.688 0.444 0.544 0.461 0.449 0.339 0.236 0.337 0.46

2.413 5.873 1.81

7.232 12.02 6.026 4.655 8.475 10.37 7.981 9.745 10.28 11.5

18 21.2

16.56 18

25.53 27.66 42.91 47.86

0.072 0.151 0.264 0.362 0.25

0.257 0.293 0.29

0.271 0.288 0.567 0.55

3.972 8.634 2.242 5.506 8.938 3.143 5.654 8.33

5.658 6.389 5.493 6.569 9.209 13.6 21.4

31.72 38.32 64.16 85.59 124.3 91.17

ahw 7.4 5.9 6.4 av 11.4

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

APPENDIX G – EMISSION & FIELD DATA FOR TOOL G


Tool reference: G PULSE channels 4-6: Throttle



6.3 bar

Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.8 m/s2 z-axis 2.3 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


1.5 m/s2

0.6 m/s2

2.4 m/s2

1.0 m/s2

3.4 m/s2

1.5 m/s2

E Shanks

03-Apr-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.0 m/s2


Tool reference: G PULSE channels 4-6: Throttle



6.3 bar

Test duration: 16 s


Subject 1

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 0.8 m/s2 z-axis 2.5 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

y-axis a: K:

z-axis a: K:

total a: K:

Tested by:

Date:


0.8 m/s2

0.4 m/s2

2.1 m/s2

0.7 m/s2

2.4 m/s2

0.8 m/s2

E Shanks

04-Apr-06


20 g

Subject 2

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 1.6 m/s2

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00


Site ID: 1 Tool ID: G

InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.181 0.182 0.237 0.283 0.361 0.505 0.384 0.23

0.218 0.184 0.15

0.171 0.367 3.279 7.618 0.898 3.262 7.781 4.353 3.694 4.466 3.273 2.257 1.704 1.683 1.749 2.07

2.623 3.702 5.428 13.33 20.04 19.65

0.413 0.258 0.387 0.23 0.329 0.27 0.449 0.325 0.502 0.37 0.663 0.518 0.659 0.537 0.504 0.418 0.366 0.335 0.249 0.277 0.183 0.258 0.175 0.252 0.305 0.415 3.096 2.956 5.789 4.891 0.764 0.77 1.958 2.663 3.615 3.475 2.647 3.282 1.817 3.037 1.945 3.778 1.324 4.106 1.194 4.61 1.64 5.345

1.573 6.065 2.184 7.495 3.433 9.452 4.138 8.257 4.98 6.117

11.41 8.083 30.55 11.18 35.29 9.282 46.39 11.98

ahw 4.2 3.2 3.0 av 6.0

y-axis

z-axis

0 0

0

00

0.0 0.0 0.00.0

00 00



InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.103 0.17

0.166 0.262 0.426 0.486 0.34

0.245 0.221 0.147 0.125 0.147 0.393 4.727 6.262 0.732 4.134 6.123 4.429 3.226 3.752 3.058 2.383 1.797 1.65

1.893 2.629 2.825 3.933 5.369 11.36 20.07 24.96

0.405 0.18 0.269 0.234 0.418 0.285 0.76 0.526

0.789 0.472 0.664 0.41 0.489 0.382 0.333 0.271 0.264 0.215 0.203 0.221 0.192 0.222 0.184 0.215 0.371 0.447 4.171 4.101 5.151 4.602 0.674 0.791 2.751 4.187 2.889 3.52 2.121 3.9 1.419 3.635 1.439 4.472 1.387 4.627 1.406 5.135 1.768 5.973 1.615 6.149 2.255 7.465 3.305 8.994 4.087 8.091 5.276 6.295 10.99 7.758 28.61 10.21 33.44 8.245 52.89 12.61

ahw 4.1 3.3 3.4 av 6.2

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z-axis

0 0

0

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InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.064 0.149 0.196 0.454 0.453 0.386 0.635 0.528 0.412 0.413 0.326 0.304 0.476 2.342 2.672 1.103 3.582 3.963 3.861 3.705 4.476 3.711 1.974 1.53 1.37

1.427 1.653 1.702 3.61

7.643 11.56 17.07 18.72

0.215 0.136 0.454 0.201 0.705 0.423 1.612 0.93 1.499 0.864 1.011 0.641 0.959 0.618 0.882 0.62 0.885 0.788 0.602 0.48 0.498 0.427 0.409 0.479 0.698 0.787 3.419 4.182 3.97 5.678 0.93 1.42

2.287 2.577 2.453 3.316 3.255 3.819 1.662 3.272 1.492 4.024 1.022 4.66 0.998 4.707 1.285 5.692 1.529 6.337 2.151 7.476 3.009 8.428 3.766 7.638 5.044 6.072 12.59 8.64 27.28 9.053 33.07 7.061 49.79 11.02

ahw 2.5 3.1 3.8 av 5.5

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InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.094 0.239 0.396 0.505 0.601 0.439 0.413 0.454 0.353 0.276 0.332 0.434 0.889 8.225 5.934 1.508 8.325 6.485 9.564 7.317 8.183 6.126 3.314 2.059 1.534 1.408 1.767 2.069 4.372 9.687 15.92 24.41 33.98

0.249 0.095 0.359 0.17 1.037 0.332 1.272 0.682 1.397 0.65 1.316 0.786 1.192 0.742 1.121 0.687 0.872 0.684 0.735 0.66 0.523 0.537 0.395 0.501 0.699 0.994 4.274 7.153 2.985 4.187 0.906 1.507 3.425 8.375 2.295 3.355 3.369 6.241 2.576 5.256 2.275 5.304 1.802 5.151 1.447 4.628 1.304 4.909 1.255 4.953 1.552 5.383 2.377 6.449 3.247 6.232 5.05 5.353

12.81 7.806 20.81 7.648 27.39 6.374 56.18 14.52

ahw 6.0 3.4 5.1 av 8.6

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0 0

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InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.133 0.35 0.39

0.775 0.81

1.092 1.062 1.095 0.66

0.408 0.356 0.282 0.905 5.702 8.641 1.905 5.316 9.279

5.6 4.675 6.927 4.749 2.99

2.059 1.563 1.484 1.91

2.909 4.036 5.948 14.36 17.74 18.42

1.34 0.47 1.078 1.108 1.079 1.108 1.369 1.457 1.606 1.088 1.41 0.951

2.038 1.337 0.896 0.795 0.836 0.8 0.607 0.676 0.427 0.377 0.38 0.354

0.773 0.551 2.755 3.542 3.46 3.745

1.108 1.329 1.837 2.903 2.792 3.552 2.03 4.775

1.436 3.949 1.577 4.979 1.543 5.421 1.512 5.941 1.738 6.094 1.544 5.655 2.122 6.941 3.024 8.03 3.902 7.809 5.317 6.305 10.96 7.455

28 9.899 35.27 8.712 47.24 11.34

ahw 5.6 3.0 3.4 av 7.2

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InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.17 0.256 0.255 0.484 0.594 0.757 0.847 0.744 0.673 0.555 0.406 0.363 0.664 6.208 7.374 1.225 4.962 7.616 7.539

5 6.429 5.08

2.934 2.245 1.647 1.549 1.732 2.554 4.574 5.937 12.09 17.53 20.99

1.199 0.449 1.01 0.401

1.116 0.607 1.507 1.1 1.311 1.038 1.624 1.28 2.147 1.665 1.613 1.19 1.204 0.92 0.921 0.807 0.796 0.547 0.528 0.379 0.634 0.694 4.153 4.054 4.289 3.839 1.215 0.825 2.755 3.421 3.15 4.357

2.561 4.641 1.283 3.346 1.448 3.956 1.066 4.541 1.151 4.529 1.449 5.372 1.664 6.396 2.707 9.144 3.446 9.332 3.683 7.325 5.408 6.517 11.02 7.519 27.45 9.536 31.58 7.772 46.73 12.01

ahw 5.3 4.1 3.8 av 7.7

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0 0

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InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.187 0.21

0.288 0.43

0.524 0.603 0.63

0.729 0.498 0.473 0.454

0.6 1.436 10.71 5.561 1.371 7.531 5.045 6.435 5.327 5.305 4.351 2.877 1.94

1.669 1.586 1.91

2.393 4.289 8.547 14.06 18.28 24.02

1.48 1.023 1.025 0.63 1.181 0.832 1.517 1.209 1.532 1.121 1.704 1.203 1.49 0.949 1.28 0.942

0.972 0.749 0.804 0.643 0.774 0.61 0.692 0.618 0.746 0.941 3.754 4.69 2.398 2.531 0.807 0.872 2.823 3.398 1.924 2.31 2.199 4.133 1.287 3.376 1.144 3.483 1.007 3.544 1.284 4.085 1.223 4.29 1.336 4.81 1.834 5.822 2.591 6.759 3.419 6.676 5.432 5.997 11.2 7.613

23.31 8.504 28.93 7.764 48.46 12.63

ahw 6.7 3.3 3.5 av 8.2

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InsertedTool:




December 14, 2006

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)


y-axis z-axis 1.6

2 2.5

3.15 4 5

6.3 8

10 12.5

16 20 25

31.5 40 50 63 80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500

0.128 0.141 0.222 0.376 0.751 0.718 0.581 0.568 0.602 0.491 0.349 0.545 1.226 13.1

13.03 1.927 7.354 8.363 8.221 6.762 9.003 7.334 3.925 2.389 1.902 1.614 1.823 2.121 3.878 7.919 12.76 18.24 22.6

0.304 0.39 0.33 0.353

0.601 0.405 0.879 0.89 0.92 0.953

0.831 0.703 0.886 0.734 1.141 0.773 0.752 0.57 0.737 0.781 0.723 0.813 0.726 0.66 0.543 0.689 4.31 4.942

4.191 3.955 1.289 1.371 3.404 2.948 4.161 3.443 2.799 4.027 1.602 3.467 1.643 3.993 1.428 3.789 1.284 3.525 1.472 3.78 1.322 4.11 1.528 4.491 2.292 5.899 3.118 6.025 4.392 5.063 8.223 5.719 17.76 7.064 26.05 7.647 41.12 10.91

ahw 9.3 3.6 3.8 av 10.7

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APPENDIX H – EMISSION TEST RESULTS SUMMARY

BS EN ISO 8662-10 Underneath tool Auxiliary handle

BS EN 60745-2-8/prAA On top of tool BS EN 50144-2-8 Underneath tool

Measured emission (ms-2) Declared emission (ms-2) Measured emission (ms-2) Measured emission (ms-2)

x y z tot work (z axis only) x y z tot x y z tot

Tool Sample # Type Power Notes a K a K a K a K piece a K a K a K a K a K a K a K a K

A NV/04/44 nibbler pneumatic 1.9 0.8 3.3 0.8 2.9 0.6 4.8 1.0 1.2mm aluminium 4.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " 1.6 0.5 3.5 0.8 3.1 0.7 5.0 1.0 1.2mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " 1.9 0.5 4.5 0.8 4.5 1.5 6.7 1.4 2.0mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " 1.7 0.4 5.2 0.7 4.1 0.7 6.8 0.7 2.5mm aluminium BS EN ISO 8662-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

B NV/04/49 nibbler electric 1.9 0.7 9.5 2.5 4.4 1.7 10.7 2.7 1.2mm aluminium 3.0 2.2 1.1 4.2 1.3 4.4 1.7 6.6 1.4 - - - - - - - -

" " " " 2.4 1.2 8.6 3.2 4.0 1.3 9.8 3.0 1.2mm steel 2.4 1.3 4.2 1.2 4.0 1.4 6.3 1.3 - - - - - - - -

" " " " - - - - - - - - 2.0mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " 2.6 1.7 5.5 1.2 3.7 0.7 7.1 1.5 2.5mm aluminium BS EN 50144-2-8 2.6 2.2 6.5 1.1 3.6 0.7 7.9 1.9 - - - - - - - -

C NV/04/48 shear electric l.h. op 1.1 0.3 2.2 0.7 2.7 0.7 3.7 0.6 1.2mm aluminium 3.0 1.2 0.4 4.6 0.9 2.6 0.8 5.4 1.2 9.0 3.9 10.9 10.1 10.3 6.0 17.8 10.6

" " " " r.h. op 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.8 1.7 0.6 2.2 0.8 1.2mm aluminium 0.7 0.3 2.5 0.7 1.7 0.6 3.1 0.8 6.7 1.9 4.6 1.9 8.4 2.6 11.7 3.0

" " " " l.h. op 2.5 0.8 4.6 1.9 5.1 1.2 7.4 1.4 1.2mm steel 2.1 0.7 6.8 2.7 5.0 1.1 8.7 2.4 12.7 4.1 14.6 10.0 15.3 7.0 25.1 9.8

" " " " r.h. op 2.2 0.8 4.7 2.6 3.5 0.9 6.3 1.9 1.2mm steel 1.6 0.5 5.1 1.8 3.4 0.8 6.4 1.7 9.9 3.9 6.8 2.6 9.2 3.2 15.2 4.3

" " " " - - - - - - - - - 2.0mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " r.h. op 9.0 4.5 23.2 9.0 21.0 4.9 32.7 8.8 2.5mm aluminium BS EN 50144-2-8 6.5 4.7 24.5 6.6 20.4 4.9 32.8 5.9 24.9 7.4 20.1 7.9 23.4 7.5 39.9 9.5

D NV/04/47 nibbler electric 2.2 0.7 9.5 2.7 10.5 4.0 14.3 4.7 1.2mm aluminium <2.5 3.0 1.4 7.1 1.3 9.9 3.7 12.6 3.6 - - - - - - - -

" " " " 3.4 1.3 13.9 3.1 14.8 3.4 20.6 4.2 1.2mm steel 3.2 1.6 9.8 2.1 13.7 3.0 17.2 3.3 - - - - - - - -

" " " " 3.3 2.2 13.0 3.5 14.2 3.6 19.6 4.8 2.0mm steel 2.7 1.4 11.3 3.2 13.3 3.5 17.7 4.7 - - - - - - - -

" " " " 2.7 1.8 10.6 3.5 11.4 3.7 15.9 5.0 2.5mm aluminium BS EN 50144-2-8 2.4 1.2 9.3 3.9 10.8 3.4 14.4 5.1 - - - - - - - -

E NV/04/51 shear electric r.h. manf inst 12.5 4.7 5.8 2.5 8.5 5.9 16.4 6.3 1.2mm aluminium 5.0 7.2 2.1 6.4 2.2 5.9 2.8 11.5 2.7 - - - - - - - -

" " " " r.h. manf inst 20.5 8.0 12.0 6.6 13.9 11.2 27.9 12.1 1.2mm steel 11.7 3.8 13.3 7.0 7.3 2.2 19.3 6.5 - - - - - - - -

" " " " - - - - - - - - 2.0mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " - - - - - - - - 2.5mm aluminium BS EN 50144-2-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

F NV/04/46 nibbler pneumatic - 1.7 0.5 3.6 0.6 5.1 1.4 6.5 1.2 1.2mm aluminium 3.08 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " " 2.0 0.5 3.8 0.5 5.7 1.6 7.1 1.3 1.2mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " - - - - - - - - 2.0mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " - - - - - - - - 2.5mm aluminium BS EN ISO 8662-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

G NV/04/45 shear pneumatic - 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.1 0.7 2.4 0.8 1.2mm aluminium <2.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " " 1.8 1.3 1.5 0.6 2.4 1.0 3.4 1.5 1.2mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " - - - - - - - - 2.0mm steel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" " " " - - - - - - - - 2.5mm aluminium BS EN ISO 8662-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

APPENDIX I – EQUIPMENT

I.1 HSL emission tests – tools A, F and G.

B&K type Serial # Sensitivity Date of last calibration pC/ms-2

Transducers Ch1 4393 1873329 0.321 August 2006 Ch2 4393 1873331 0.320 August 2006 Ch3 4393 2279750 0.316 August 2006

Charge amplifiers Ch1 2635 1493484 November 2005 Ch2 2635 1709921 February 2005 Ch3 2635 1473734 November 2005

B&K Pulse real time analysis system 2001 v10.2 November 2006 B&K calibrator type 4294 #2361765 October 2006

I.2 HSL emission tests – tools B, C, D and E.

B&K type Serial #

Transducers Ch1 4393V 11877Ch2 4393V 10692Ch3 4393V 10693Ch4 4393V 30135Ch5 4393V 30137Ch6 4393V 30063

Sensitivity Date of last calibration pC/ms-2

0.324 August 2006 0.326 August 2006 0.320 August 2006 0.299 October 2006 0.302 October 2006 0.294 October 2006

Charge amplifiers Ch1 Nexus ch1 2056119 February 2005 Ch2 Nexus ch2 2056119 February 2005 Ch3 Nexus ch3 2056119 February 2005 Ch4 2635 1625036 January 2006 Ch5 2635 1493485 January 2006 Ch6 2635 1473733 January 2005

B&K Pulse real time analysis system 2001 v10.2 November 2006 B&K calibrator type 4294 #2361765 October 2006

I.3 Field / simulated real measurements – all tools

B&K type Serial # Sensitivity Date of last calibration pC/ms-2

Transducers Ch1 4393V 30021 0.298 October 2006 Ch2 4393V 30026 0.318 October 2006 Ch3 4393V 2259956 0.319 August 2006 Ch4 4393V 30135 0.299 October 2006 Ch5 4393V 30137 0.302 October 2006 Ch6 4393V 30063 0.294 October 2006

Charge amplifiers Ch1 2635 2448012 July 2005 Ch2 2635 2448013 July 2005 Ch3 2635 2448014 July 2005 Ch4 2635 1625036 January 2006 Ch5 2635 1493485 January 2006 Ch6 2635 1473733 January 2005

B&K Pulse real time analysis system 2001 v10.2 November 2006 B&K calibrator type 4294 #1121535 November 2006 TEAC RD135T DAT recorder #723517 June 2006

APPENDIX J – Influence of distance of cut from edge of test bench – full results

1.2mm steel OP#1 throttle / underneath support / top

x y z tot x y z tot 1 2.7 3.7 7.2 8.5 1.8 4.4 4.1 6.2 2 2.5 3.5 4.3 6.1 1.8 4.2 4.1 6.1 3 1.9 3.1 3.3 4.9 1.4 3.1 3.5 4.9 4 2.0 3.5 3.2 5.1 1.6 2.7 3.3 4.5 5 2.3 4.1 3.3 5.7 1.4 2.8 3.4 4.6 6 2.0 4.9 4.0 6.6 2.0 2.6 4.1 5.3 7 2.6 5.2 4.1 7.1 2.1 2.5 4.0 5.2 8 2.5 5.3 4.0 7.1 1.6 3.2 4.1 5.4 9 2.8 5.7 4.6 7.9 1.6 4.0 4.6 6.3

10 2.9 6.2 4.9 8.4 1.9 4.6 4.7 6.9 11 3.0 7.2 6.9 10.4 2.2 6.7 6.9 9.8 12 2.9 7.5 7.8 11.2 2.3 7.0 8.1 10.9 13 3.4 11.4 9.8 15.4 3.8 13.4 10.1 17.2 14 4.0 11.8 12.4 17.6 2.6 16.4 13.2 21.2 15 3.9 14.4 16.4 22.2 3.9 22.1 17.6 28.5

1-5 mean 2.3 3.6 4.3 6.1 1.6 3.4 3.7 5.3 std 0.33 0.36 1.70 1.44 0.20 0.80 0.39 0.83 cv 0.15 0.10 0.40 0.24 0.12 0.23 0.11 0.16

2-6 mean 2.1 3.8 3.6 5.7 1.6 3.1 3.7 5.1 std 0.25 0.70 0.50 0.70 0.26 0.65 0.39 0.65 cv 0.12 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.21 0.11 0.13

3-7 mean 2.2 4.2 3.6 5.9 1.7 2.7 3.7 4.9 std 0.29 0.89 0.43 0.95 0.33 0.23 0.36 0.35 cv 0.13 0.21 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.08 0.10 0.07

4-8 mean 2.3 4.6 3.7 6.3 1.7 2.8 3.8 5.0 std 0.28 0.77 0.43 0.89 0.30 0.27 0.40 0.42 cv 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.10 0.10 0.08

5-9 mean 2.4 5.0 4.0 6.9 1.7 3.0 4.0 5.4 std 0.30 0.60 0.46 0.81 0.30 0.61 0.43 0.61 numerically valid emission test! cv 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.20 0.11 0.11


7-11 mean 2.8 5.9 4.9 8.2 1.9 4.2 4.9 6.7 std 0.21 0.82 1.18 1.36 0.28 1.61 1.18 1.85 cv 0.08 0.14 0.24 0.17 0.15 0.38 0.24 0.28

8-12 mean 2.8 6.4 5.6 9.0 1.9 5.1 5.7 7.9 std 0.19 0.95 1.63 1.73 0.33 1.68 1.73 2.37 cv 0.07 0.15 0.29 0.19 0.17 0.33 0.30 0.30

9-13 mean 3.0 7.6 6.8 10.7 2.4 7.1 6.9 10.2 std 0.23 2.25 2.15 2.98 0.85 3.73 2.33 4.35 cv 0.08 0.30 0.32 0.28 0.36 0.52 0.34 0.43

10-14 mean 3.2 8.8 8.4 12.6 2.6 9.6 8.6 13.2 std 0.47 2.59 2.86 3.78 0.74 5.02 3.23 5.84 cv 0.15 0.29 0.34 0.30 0.29 0.52 0.38 0.44

11-15 mean 3.4 10.5 10.7 15.4 3.0 13.1 11.2 17.5 std 0.50 3.07 3.84 4.84 0.83 6.52 4.31 7.71 cv 0.15 0.29 0.36 0.32 0.28 0.50 0.39 0.44

underneath

1.0

10.0

100.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x y z tot

top

1.0

10.0

100.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x y z tot

10 11 12 13 14 15

10 11 12 13 14 15

1.2mm steel OP#5 throttle / underneath support / top

x y z tot x y z tot 1 2.6 4.9 4.5 7.2 2.7 4.6 4.1 6.7 2 2.6 5.0 4.2 7.0 2.8 3.9 3.7 6.0 3 3.0 5.1 4.7 7.6 3.1 4.1 4.0 6.5 4 2.9 5.3 4.3 7.4 2.9 3.6 3.6 5.9 5 3.0 6.1 4.3 8.1 3.0 3.7 3.7 6.0 6 3.3 6.1 4.4 8.3 3.3 3.8 3.7 6.2 7 3.1 6.6 4.5 8.5 3.1 4.3 4.1 6.7 8 3.2 7.3 5.2 9.5 3.0 5.7 4.8 8.0 9 3.1 8.0 5.9 10.4 3.1 7.3 5.6 9.7

10 3.1 9.4 6.7 11.9 3.4 9.1 6.7 11.8 11 2.9 10.3 8.3 13.5 4.0 11.9 8.6 15.2 12 5.2 12.2 11.0 17.2 3.3 14.3 11.5 18.7 13 5.3 11.8 14.8 19.7 3.6 19.3 15.7 25.2 14 3.6 8.9 6.6 11.7 2.7 8.4 6.7 11.1 15 4.2 11.2 8.3 14.6 3.3 11.5 8.6 14.7




4-8 mean 3.1 6.3 4.5 8.4 3.1 4.2 4.0 6.6 std 0.16 0.74 0.38 0.76 0.15 0.87 0.50 0.86 cv 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.21 0.12 0.13

5-9 mean 3.1 6.8 4.9 9.0 3.1 5.0 4.4 7.3 std 0.11 0.82 0.68 0.97 0.12 1.53 0.82 1.54 cv 0.04 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.04 0.31 0.19 0.21

6-10 mean 3.2 7.5 5.3 9.7 3.2 6.0 5.0 8.5 std 0.09 1.29 0.97 1.48 0.16 2.19 1.20 2.30 cv 0.03 0.17 0.18 0.15 0.05 0.36 0.24 0.27

7-11 mean 3.1 8.3 6.1 10.8 3.3 7.7 6.0 10.3 std 0.11 1.52 1.47 1.98 0.41 2.97 1.76 3.35 cv 0.04 0.18 0.24 0.18 0.12 0.39 0.30 0.33

8-12 mean 3.5 9.4 7.4 12.5 3.4 9.7 7.4 12.7 std 0.96 1.94 2.31 3.04 0.39 3.47 2.68 4.31 cv 0.27 0.21 0.31 0.24 0.12 0.36 0.36 0.34

9-13 mean 3.9 10.3 9.3 14.5 3.5 12.4 9.6 16.1 std 1.22 1.73 3.62 3.84 0.34 4.70 4.07 6.12 cv 0.31 0.17 0.39 0.26 0.10 0.38 0.42 0.38

10-14 mean 4.0 10.5 9.5 14.8 3.4 12.6 9.8 16.4 std 1.15 1.45 3.47 3.52 0.47 4.42 3.82 5.78 cv 0.29 0.14 0.37 0.24 0.14 0.35 0.39 0.35

11-15 mean 4.2 10.9 9.8 15.3 3.4 13.1 10.2 17.0 std 1.03 1.32 3.21 3.15 0.48 4.06 3.51 5.33 cv 0.24 0.12 0.33 0.21 0.14 0.31 0.34 0.31

underneath

1.0

10.0

100.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x y z tot

top

1.0

10.0

100.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x y z tot

10 11 12 13 14 15

10 11 12 13 14 15

Published by the Health and Safety Executive 07/07



The aims of the work reported here were:

■ To assess the BS EN ISO 866210 (pneumatic tools) and the BS EN 6074528 (electric tools) emission test for usability and repeatability.

■ To assess reproducibility by comparing our results with manufacturers' declared vibration emission values (and verifying in accordance with BS EN 12096).

■ To compare vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions.

■ To assess vibration emission data as an indicator of vibration hazard.

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.

RR576

www.hse.gov.uk

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