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Correlation Between Biomarkers of Exposure, Effect, and Potential Harm in the
Urine of Electronic Cigarette Users. Shane Sakamaki-Ching MS; Monique Williams
PhD, My Hua BS; Jun Li PhD; Maciej L. Goniewicz PhD, PharmD; Prue Talbot PhD
Supplementary Online Content
Methods: Urinary Biomarker of Exposure (Metal Concentration) Analysis
Supplementary Figure 1: NNAL Concentration Amongst the Smoking Groups
Supplementary Figure 2: Cotinine Concentration Amongst the Smoking Groups
Supplementary Figure 3: Creatinine Concentration in Different Genders and Age
Populations
Supplementary Figure 4. The Total 11 Metals Concentration Amongst the Smoking
groups.
Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S
Urinary Biomarker of Exposure (Metal Concentration) Analysis
A 1:25 dilution was made for each urine sample by dissolving 400 µL into 7.6 mL of 2% nitric
acid solution (GFS Chemicals, Columbus, OH). The 11 elements/metals were quantified using
an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) with an ASX-500 series
autosampler and an ISIS 3 Discrete Sample Uptake, spray chamber, and peristaltic pump. The
ICP-MS was calibrated using a standard curve for all 11 metals of interest (Inorganic Ventures,
Christiansburg, VA) in 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 ppm concentrations. Lithium, gallium,
rhenium, scandium, and yttrium at 1 ppm were run in line with sample introduction into the
nebulizer and used as internal standards. The blank contained 2% trace metal grade nitric acid
by volume. Each sample was run in triplicate. To prevent interference, the cones were washed
with nitric acid, and a detergent to bombard the cones. Quality control checks on calibration
were then run using NIST standard reference materials 2668 Level I and Level II provided by
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD). Machine calibrations
and adjustments were controlled using Masshunter software.
Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S
Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S
Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S
Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S
Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S