Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

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  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    1/22

    1. (a)c

    xxxx

    xx +++=+

    23d)

    243(

    4

    2

    3

    M1 A2 (1, 0) 3

    (b)

    2

    1

    4

    2

    3

    2

    1

    23d)

    243(

    ++=+

    x

    xxxx

    x

    = (6 + 16 + 1) (3 + 1 + 2) M1

    = 17 A1 2[5]

    2. (a) y= 9 8 42

    = 0 b= 4 (*) B1 c.s.o. 1

    (b) x

    y

    d

    d

    = 2 + 23

    x M1

    Whenx= 1 gad!en" = 2 + 1 = 1 A1#o e$%a"!on o& "he "angen" !sy ' = 1 (x 1) M1

    !.e. y+x= 6 (*) A1 c.s.o. 4

    (c) e"y= 0 andx= 6 soD!s (6, 0) B1 1

    (d) Aea o& "!ange = 21

    * ' * ' = 12.' B1

    4

    1 (9 2x2 21

    x ) dx=

    4

    121

    22

    1

    29

    xxx

    Ignore limits M1 A1

    = (36 16 4 * 2) (9 1 4)

    Use of limits M1= 12 4

    = 8 A1

    #o shaded aea !s 12.' 8 = 4.' A1 6[12]

    3. (a) Ay= 1 By= 4 B1

    (b) 2'

    2

    d

    d x

    x

    y == '

    2

    heex= ' M1 A1

    -angen" y1 = '

    2

    (x') ('y= 2x') M1 A1

    (c) x=2

    1

    'y B1 B1

    (d) n"ega"e

    =

    3

    10

    23

    ' 23

    23

    yy

    M1 A1 &"

    /

    4

    / 1=

    3

    110

    3

    410 23

    23

    , =3

    70

    (233

    1

    , 23.3) M1 A1, A1

    Holland Park School 1

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    A"ena"!e &o (d) n"ega"e 7'

    3x

    M1 A1

    Aea = (10 * 4) (' * 1)

    7'

    12'

    7'

    1000

    , = 3

    70

    (233

    1

    , 23.3) M1 A1, A1

    n bo"h (d) schees, &!na M !s scoed %s!ng cand!da"es 45 and 15. [12]

    4. (a) x2 2X+ 3 = 9 x M1

    x2x 6 = 0 (x+ 2)(x3) = 0 x= 2, 3 M1 A1

    y= 11, 6 M1 A1 &" '

    (b)( ) xxxxxx 3

    3d32 2

    32 +=+

    M1 A1

    ( )

    +=

    +

    64

    3

    89993

    3

    3

    2

    23

    xxx

    = 32

    21 M1 A1

    -ae!% 2

    1

    (11 + 6) * '

    =

    2

    142

    B1 &"

    Aea = 6

    '20

    3

    221

    2

    142 =

    M1 A1 7

    A"ena"!e (9 x) (x2 2x+ 3) = 6 +xx

    2M1 A1

    ( )32

    6d632

    2 xxxxxx +=+M1 A1 &"

    6'20,

    382129

    2918

    326

    3

    2

    32

    =

    ++

    +=

    +

    xxx

    M1 A1, A1[12]

    Holland Park School 2

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

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    5. (a) 4x+ 9, +12 x (Ao 6x+ 6x) B1, B1 2Ao (2x)2o 4x2on !& a"e o :%s"!&!es %ndes"and!ng.

    (b) ++=++ xxxdxxx 982)9124( 2

    322

    1

    (&" de. on 3 "es) M1 A1 &"

    )18)28(8(/..... 23

    21 ++= (2 + 8 + 9) M1

    222 23

    = (seen o !!ed) B1

    = 7 + 16 2 A1 '

    #ec!a case M!sead as 2(x+ 3)

    (a) B1 &o 4x+ 12

    (b) ;%s" "he "o M as ae aa!abe.[7]

    6. (a)

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

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    (d) 2

    '

    3

    6

    4d)'6(

    23423 xxxxxxx +=+

    M1 A1

    a%a"!ng a" one o& "he!xa%e

    =+

    4

    3

    2

    '2

    4

    1

    M1 A1 &"

    a%a"!ng a" "he o"hexa%e

    =+ 41

    312

    12'

    2'04

    62'

    A1

    />..' />..

    1o />..

    1 />..

    'M1

    31 4

    3

    4

    1 = 32

    -o"a Aea = 32 + 4

    3

    = 324

    3

    A1 7

    If integrating t#e wrong ex!ression in (d)$ (e.g. x2% &x ' )$

    do not allow t#e first M mar$ b"t t#en follow sc#eme.[14]

    7. (a) #oe

    32

    4

    1

    2

    3xx

    = 0 "o &!nd!= 6, o e!&

    32 64

    16

    2

    3 = 0 (?) B1 1

    (b) 4

    33

    d

    d 2xx

    x

    y=

    M1 A1

    m= 9,y 0 = 9(x 6) (An coec" &o) M1 A1 4

    (c) 4

    33

    2xx

    = 0,x= 4 M1, A1&" 2

    (d) 162

    d42

    3 4332

    xxx

    xx =

    (Ao %ns!!&!ed es!ons) M1 A1

    [ ] 2716

    6

    2

    6.........

    436

    0 == M @eed 6 and 0 as !!"s. M1 A1 4

    [11]

    8. (a) x

    y

    d

    d

    = 3x2 14x+ 1' M1 A1 2

    Holland Park School 4

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    (b) 3x2 14x+ 1' = 0 M1

    (3x ')(x 3) = 0 x= >, M1, A1

    (A re*"ires correct *"adratic factors).

    y= 12 A1 4

    (+ollowing from x , -)

    (c) x= 1 y= 12 B1

    #aeycood. as /(o eo gad!en"5), so/!s aae "o "hexa!s B1 2

    (d)( ) xxxxxxxx 3

    2

    1'

    3

    7

    4d31'7

    23423 ++=++

    M1 A1 A1

    (+irst A - terms correct$ 1econd A all correct)

    ++

    ++=

    ++ 3

    2

    1'

    3

    7

    4

    19

    2

    13'63

    4

    813

    2

    1'

    3

    7

    4

    3

    1

    234

    xxxx

    M1

    12

    '8

    4

    333

    24 = 2'3

    1

    (2 * 12) = 13

    1

    M1 A1 6

    (or e*"i. or - s.f or better)[14]

    9. (a) y= 4xx

    2

    x

    y

    d

    d

    = 4 2x M1 A154 2x5 = 2, x= > M1

    x= 3,y= 3 A1 4

    (b) xcood!na"e o&A!s 4 B1

    ( )

    =

    32

    4d4

    322 xxxxx

    M1 A1&"

    ===

    3

    210

    3

    32

    3

    6432

    32

    44

    0

    32xx

    (o eac" e$%!aen") M1 A1 '

    [9]

    Holland Park School 5

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    10. (a) (x 3)2, +9 !s . a= 3 and b= 9 a :%s" be !""en

    don !"h no e"hod shon. B1, M1 A1 3

    (b) C !s (3, 9) B1

    (c) A = (0, 18) B1

    x

    y

    d

    d

    = 2x 6, a"A m= 6 M1 A1

    $%a"!on o& "angen" !sy 18 = 6x (!n an &o) A1&" 4

    (d) #ho!ng "ha" !ne ee"s a!s d!ec" beo C, !.e. a"x= 3. A1cso 1

    (e) A= x2 6x+ 18x= /31

    x3 3x

    2+ 18x M1 A1

    #%bs"!"%"!ngx= 3 "o &!nd aeaA%nde c%eA/=36 M1

    Aea o&3=A aea o& "!ange =A 2

    1

    * 18 3, = 9 M1 A1 '

    A"ena"!e x2 6x+ 18 (18 6x)dx M1

    =31

    3x

    M1 A1 &"

    Dsex= 3 "o g!e anse 9 M1 A1[13]

    11. (a) x2+ 6x+ 10 = 3x+ 20 M1

    x2+ 3x 10 = 0(x+ ')(x 2) = 0 sox=, ' o 2 M1, A1

    s%b a a%e &ox"o ob"a!n a a%e &oy!ny= 3x+ 20,y= ' o 26 M1, A1 '

    (b) !ne c%e =, 10 3xx2

    M1, A1

    32

    310)310(

    322 xxxdxxx =

    M1 A2E1E0&.".

    )3

    12'2'

    2

    3'0()

    3

    84

    2

    320(

    32

    310

    2

    '

    32 +=

    xxx

    M1

    6

    1'7

    6

    '4'

    3

    111 ==

    A1 7

    [12]

    Holland Park School 6

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    A- (b)xx

    xdxxx 103

    3)106( 2

    32 ++=++

    (1 each !ncoec" "e) M1 A2E1E0

    %se o& !!"s = ( 38

    + 12 + 20) ( 3

    12'

    + 7' '0) = ('1 31

    ) M1

    Aea o& -ae!% = 2

    1

    (' + 26)(2 ') = (108 21 )

    o 46 62.' (&o !n"ega"!on) B1&.".

    #haded aea = -ae!% 6

    13

    12

    1 '7'1108 == o 6343

    o 61.'7

    M1 A1 7

    12. (a) x

    y

    d

    d

    = 6 + 8x3

    M1 A1 2M is for x

    nx

    n%

    in at least one term$ & or x

    %-is s"fficient.

    A is f"lly correct answer.

    Ignore s"bse*"ent woring.

    (b) 2

    6d

    2xxy =

    + 4x1

    + 4 M1 A1 A1 3

    M 4orrect !ower of x in at least one term (4 s"fficient)

    +irst A 2

    &x 2

    ' 4

    1econd A ' 5x%

    [5]

    13. (a)

    21

    3d

    dx

    x

    y=

    6 M1 A1

    21

    3x 6 = 0,2

    1

    x = 2 x= 4 (?) M1 A1 4

    +irst M for decrease of in !ower of x of at least

    one term (disa!!earance of 607 s"fficient)

    1econd M for !"tting x

    y

    d

    d

    , 0 and finding x , 8.

    Holland Park School 7

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    (b)

    +=

    + xx

    xxxx 103

    '

    4d1062 2

    2'

    23

    M1 A1 A1

    ( )

    +

    +=

    + 103

    '

    440163

    '

    44103

    '

    4 2'

    4

    1

    22

    '

    xxx

    M1 A1&"

    (= 17.6 7.8 = 9.8)

    F!nd!ng aea o& "ae!% = 2

    1

    (6 + 2) * 3 (=12) M1 A1

    /A = (1, 6), B = (4, 2)

    G b !n"ega"!on

    4

    1

    2

    3

    222

    xx

    Aea o&3=12 9.8 = 2.2 A1 8

    +irst M ower of at least one term increased by

    +irst A +or '

    4 2E'x

    1econd A +or % -x2' 0x

    1econd M for limits re*"ires 9 [ ] [ ]14 9 (allow candidate:s

    657)

    and some !rocessing of 6integral7$[ ] 4

    1y is M0

    Aft re*"ires 1and 4s"bstit"ted in candidate:s 3-termed

    integrand("nsim!lified)

    Area of tra!e;i"m M attem!t at < (yA

    ' yB)(x

    B% )

    orx

    xd

    3

    422

    (A correct "nsim!lified)

    H-IA

    A""e"!ng !n"ega J( e$%a"!on o& !ne e$%a"!on o& c%e)K -h!d M1

    =xxx dJ)2

    3

    14

    3

    8(J 2

    3

    +Fo%"h A1

    Ce&o!ng !n"ega"!on F!s" M1

    + )'4

    ()3

    7

    3

    8

    ( 2

    '

    2

    xxx

    )'

    4

    (2

    '

    xF!s" A1

    + J)

    3

    7

    3

    8(J 2xx

    ao as &oo "ho%gh !n "h!s case. #econd A1

    !!"s M1A1 #econd M1

    -h!d A1

    Anse A1 F!&"h A1[12]

    14. (a)x

    xxxxx '

    1

    8d)'82(

    122

    +=+

    M1 A1 A1

    Holland Park School 8

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    4

    1

    12 '

    1

    8

    +

    xx

    x

    = (16 2 20) (1 8 ') (= 6) M1

    x= 1y= ' andx= 4y= 3.' B1

    Aea o& "ae!% = 2

    1

    (' + 3.')(4 1) (= 12.7') M1

    #haded aea = 12.7' 6 = 6.7' M1 A1 8(M 1"btract eit#er was ro"nd)

    Integration =ne term wrong M A A0> two terms

    wrong M A0 A0.

    ?imits M for s"bstit"ting limits 5 and into a c#anged

    f"nction$ and s"btracting t#e rig#t way ro"nd.

    Alternatie

    x= 1y= ' andx= 4y= 3.' B1

    $%a"!on o& !ney ' = 2

    1

    (x 1) y= 2

    1

    2

    11

    x, s%bse$%en"%sed !n !n"ega"!on !"h !!"s. 3

    dM1

    +

    '

    82

    2

    1

    2

    112

    xxx

    4"h

    M1

    (M 1"btract eit#er way ro"nd)

    =

    1

    8

    4

    '

    2

    21d8

    2

    '

    2

    21 122 xxxxxx

    1s M1 A1&" A1&"

    (enalise integration mistaes$ not algebra

    for t#e ft mars)

    ++=

    84

    '

    2

    21)22042(

    1

    8

    4

    '

    2

    214

    1

    12 xxx

    2nd

    M1

    (M 3ig#t way ro"nd)

    #haded aea = 6.7' A1

    (@#e follow t#ro"g# mars are for t#e s"btracted ersion$

    and again ded"ct an acc"racy mar for a wrong term

    =ne wrong M A A0> two wrong M A0 A0.)

    Holland Park School 9

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

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    (b) x

    y

    d

    d

    = 2 16x3

    M1 A1

    (nceas!ng hee) x

    y

    d

    d

    L 0 FoxL 2,3

    16

    x N 2, xy

    d

    d

    L 0 dM1 A1 4

    (allow )

    Alternatie for t#e last 2 mars in (b)

    M1 #ho "ha"x= 2 !s a !n!%, %s!ng, e.g., 2nd

    de!a"!e.

    A1

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

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    (b)166

    d

    d2

    2

    = xx

    y

    A"x= 2,...

    d

    d2

    2

    =x

    y

    M1

    4 (o N 0, o bo"h), "hee&oe a!% A1&" 2M Attem!t second differentiation and s"bstit"tion of one of

    t#e x al"es.

    Aft 3e*"ires correct second deriatie and negatie al"e of

    t#e second deriatie$ b"t ft from t#eir x al"e.

    (c)( ) ++=+ )(2

    20

    3

    8

    4d208

    23423 4

    xxxxxxx

    M1 A1 A1 3

    All - terms correct M A A$

    @wo terms correct M A A0$

    =ne !ower correct M A0 A0.

    (d)40

    3

    644 +

    =

    3

    68

    M1

    Ax= 2 y= 8 32 + 40 = 16 (Ma be scoed esehee) B1

    Aea o& =162

    3

    10

    2

    1

    AAB yxx )(

    2

    1

    =

    3

    32

    M1

    #haded aea =

    ==+

    3

    133

    3

    100

    3

    32

    3

    68

    M1 A1 '

    ?imits M 1"bstit"ting t#eir lower x al"e into a c#anged:ex!ression.

    Area of triangle M +"lly correct met#od.

    Alternatie for t#e triangle (finding an e*"ation for t#e straig#t

    line t#en integrating) re*"ires a f"lly correct met#od to score

    t#e M mar.

    +inal M +"lly correct met#od (beware alid alternaties)

    [14]

    17. (a)

    4184d

    d += xxx

    y

    xn x

    n1M1 A1 2

    Holland Park School 11

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    12/22

    (b)( ) 2332 3

    32d62

    += xxxxxx

    n x

    n+1M1 A1

    [ ]

    ++= 3

    32

    933

    32... 3

    3

    1

    M1

    = 1432

    344

    , 9132

    o e$%!aen" A1 4[6]

    18. (a) y= 0 21

    x (3 x) = 0 x= 3 B1 1

    o 33 23

    3 = 33 33 = 0

    (b)

    21

    21

    23

    23

    dd xxxy =

    xn x

    n1M1 A1

    21

    21

    0d

    dxx

    x

    y==

    Dse o& x

    y

    d

    d

    = 0 M1

    x= 1 A1

    A (1, 2) A1 '

    (c)

    2'

    23

    23

    21

    '

    22d3 xxxxx =

    M1xn xn+1 M1 A1+A1

    Acce" %ns!!&!ed eess!ons &o As

    Aea =[ ] 30... = 2 * 33 '

    2

    * 93 Dse o& coec" !!"s M1

    Aea !s '12

    3 (%n!"s2) A1 '

    Fo &!na A1, "es %s" be coec"ed "oge"he b%" acce" eac"

    e$%!aen"s, e.g.'4

    27 [11]

    19. (a) 2x + 4 = x23

    M1

    4x2 8x + 3 = 0 A1

    (2x 3)(2x ) = 0 M1

    x= 0.', 1.' A1 4

    Holland Park School 12

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    (b)[ ] 1)13(

    21o442

    '.1

    '.0

    '.1'.0

    2 ++=+ xxdxxM1

    = 2 A1

    '.1

    '.0

    '.1

    '.0n

    23

    23

    = xdxx M1 A1

    =3n

    23

    A1&"

    Aea = 2 23

    n 3 A1 6

    A"ena"!e so%"!on

    Aea =dx

    xx +

    '.1

    '.0 2

    342M1

    '.1

    '.0

    2 n1234

    += xxx

    M1 A1 A1

    o.e.3n12326

    41

    49 ++=

    A1&"

    = 2 23

    n 3 A1[10]

    20. (a) 23

    = 2x2+ 4x M1

    4x2 8x + 3(= 0) A1

    (2x 1)(2x 3) = 0 M1

    23

    21 ,=x

    A1 4

    Holland Park School 13

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    (b) Aea o&3 =

    23d)42(

    23

    21

    2 + xxx(&o 2

    3

    ) B1

    ( )

    +=+ 232 232d42 xxxxx

    (Ao O/ , acce" 2

    4

    x2

    M1 /A1

    +

    +=+ 232

    2

    3

    323

    21

    2

    2

    122

    132,

    2

    322

    332d)42( xxx

    M1 M1

    =

    611

    Aea o&3= 31

    23

    611 =

    (Acce" eac" e$%!aen" b%" no" 0.33 ...) A1cao 6[10]

    (a) 1s"M1 &o &o!ng a coec" e$%a"!on

    1s"A1 &o a coec" 3-P (condone !ss!ng = 0 b%" %s" hae a "es on one s!de)

    2nd

    M1 &o a""e"!ng "o soe ao!a"e 3-P

    (b) B1 &o s%b"ac"!on o& 23

    . !"he c%e !ne5 o !n"ega ec"ange5

    1s"M1 &o soe coec" a""e" a" !n"ega"!on (x

    nxn+1)

    1s"A1 &o 3

    2

    x3+ 2x

    2on !.e. can !gnoe%2

    3

    x

    2nd

    M1 &o soe coec" %se o& "he! 23

    as a !!" !n !n"ega

    3d

    M1 &o soe coec" %se o& "he! 21

    as a !!" !n !n"ega and

    s%b"ac"!on e!"he a o%nd

    #ec!a

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

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    Acce"abe a"ena"!es !nc%de

    3x2+ 6x

    1 3x

    2+ 3*2x 3x

    2+ 6x + 0

    gnoe Q# (e.g. %se /he"he coec" o no" o& x

    y

    d

    d

    and2

    2

    d

    d

    x

    y

    )

    3x2+ 6x + c o 3x

    2+ 6x + cons"an" (!.e. "he !""en od cons"an") !s B0 B1

    M1 A""e" "o d!&&een"!a"e "he! &(x)xnRxn 1.x

    nRx

    n 1seen !n a" eas" one o& "he "es.

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    16/22

    A""e" "o !n"ega"e &(x)xnRx

    n + 1

    gnoe !ncoec" no"a"!on (e.g. !nc%s!on o& !n"ega s!gn) M1

    o.e.

    Acce"abe a"ena"!es !nc%de

    +++++++++ xxx

    cxxx

    xxx

    xxx

    '

    3

    3

    4

    M'

    3

    3

    4

    M'

    3

    3

    4

    M'

    4

    34341

    343

    4

    @.B. & "he cand!da"e has !""en "he !n"ega (e!"hex

    xx'

    3

    3

    4

    34

    ++

    o ha" "he "h!n !s "he !n"ega) !n a" (a), !" a no" be e!""en

    !n (b), b%" "he as a be aaded !& "he !n"ega !s %sed !n (b). A1

    #%bs"!"%"!ng 2 and 1 !n"o an &%nc"!on o"he "hanx3+ 3x

    2+ '

    and s%b"ac"!ng e!"he a o%nd.

    #o %s!ng "he! &(x) o &(x)o "he! &(x)dx o "he! &(x)dx! ga!n "he M a (beca%se none o& "hese ! g!e x

    3+ 3x

    2+ ').

    M%s" s%bs"!"%"e &o axs b%" co%d ae a s!.

    4 + 8 + 10 41

    + 1 + ' (&o eae) !s acce"abe &o e!dence

    o& s%b"ac"!on (S!n!s!be bace"s). M1

    o.e. (e.g. 1'4

    3

    , 1'.7', 4

    63

    )

    M%s" be a s!nge n%be (so 22 64

    1

    !s A0). A1

    Anse on !s M0A0M0A0

    aes

    cxxx

    +++ '4

    34

    M1A1 4

    4x

    +x3+ 'x + cM1 A1

    4 + 8 + 10 + c (4

    1

    + 1 + ' + c) M1 x = 2, 22 + c

    = 1'4

    3

    A1 x = 1, 64

    1

    + c M0 A0

    (no s%b"ac"!on)

    )'31('232d)&( 23

    2

    1++++= xx M0A0, M0

    = 2' 9

    = 16 A0

    (#%bs"!"%"!ng 2 and 1 !n"ox3+ 3x

    2+ ', so 2nd M0)

    Holland Park School 16

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    17/22

    [ ]2122

    1

    63d)66( xxxx +=+M0 A0

    [ ]21232

    1

    2 3d)63( xxxxx +=+M0 A0

    = 12 + 12 (3 + 6) M1 A0 = 8 + 12 (1 + 3) M1 A0

    4

    4x

    +x3

    + 'x M1 A1

    '14

    12'2

    4

    2 34

    34

    ++++M1

    (one nega"!e s!gn !s s%&&!c!en" &o e!dence o& s%b"ac"!on)

    = 22 6 4

    31'

    4

    1 =A1

    (ao Secoe, !!ng s"%den" as %s!ng S!n!s!be bace"s)

    (a) &(x) =x3+ 3x

    2+ '

    &(x) =xxx '

    43

    4

    ++B1M0A0

    (b)'1

    4

    12'2

    4

    2 34

    34

    ++M1A1M1

    = 1'4

    3

    A1

    -he cand!da"e has !""en "he !n"ega !n a" (a). " !s no" e!""en

    !n (b), b%" "he as a be aaded as "he !n"ega !s %sed !n (b).[7]

    22. y =x(x2 6x + ')

    =x3 6x

    2+ 'x M1, A1

    2

    '

    3

    6

    4d)'6(

    33423 xxx

    xxxx +=+M1, A1&"

    4

    30

    2

    '2

    4

    1

    2

    '2

    4

    1

    0

    23

    4

    =

    +=

    + xxx

    M1

    411

    43)10164(

    2'2

    4

    2

    1

    2

    3

    4

    =+=

    + xxx

    M1, A1(bo"h)

    "o"a aea = 411

    4

    3+

    M1

    2

    7=

    o.e. A1cso 9

    Holland Park School 17

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    18/22

    A""e" "o %"! o%", %s" be a c%b!c. M1

    Aad A a &o "he! &!na es!on o& eans!on (b%" &!na es!on

    does no" need "o hae !e "es coec"ed). A1

    A""e" "o !n"ega"exnxn+1. Teneo%s a &o soe %se o&

    !n"ega"!on, so e.g.

    = xx

    x

    xx

    xxxx '222d)')(1(

    222

    o%d ga!n e"hod a. M1

    F" on "he! &!na es!on o& eans!on o!ded !" !s !n "he &o

    ax!

    ' bx*+ ....

    n"egand %s" hae a" eas" "o "es and a "es %s" be !n"ega"ed

    coec".

    & "he !n"ega"e "!ce (e.g.2

    1

    1

    0

    and

    ) and ge" d!&&een" anses, "ae

    "he be""e o& "he "o. A1&"

    #%bs"!"%"es and s%b"ac"s (e!"he a o%nd) &o one !n"ega.

    n"ega %s" be a Schanged &%nc"!on. !"he 1 and 0, 2 and 1 o 2 and 0.

    Fo[ ]1

    0 0 &o bo""o !!" can be !!ed (o!ded "ha" !" !s 0). M1

    M1 #%bs"!"%"es and s%b"ac"s (e!"he a o%nd) &o "o !n"egas.

    n"ega %s" be a Schanged &%nc"!on. M%s" hae 1 and 0 and 2 and 1

    (o 1 and 2).

    -he "o !n"egas do no" need "o be "he sae, b%" "he %s" hae

    coe &o a""e"s "o !n"ega"e "he sae &%nc"!on. M1

    +=

    2

    1

    23

    4

    2

    1

    1

    2

    2

    1

    .2

    '2

    4)&(hee))&(

    o)&(o)&(%s!ng(!&o4

    11and

    4

    3o))&(%s!ng(!&o.e.

    4

    11and

    4

    3

    xx

    xxx

    xxx

    -he anse %s" be cons!s"en" !"h "he !n"ega "he ae %s!ng

    (so =

    2

    1 4

    11)&(x

    oses "h!s A and "he &!na A).

    4

    11

    a no" be seen e!c!".

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    19/22

    '"h

    M1 J "he! a%e &o[ ] [ ]2

    1

    1

    0 &o%e"he! a+

    Ueenden" on a" eas" one o& "he a%es co!ng &o !n"ega"!on

    (o"he a coe &o e.g. "ae!% %es).

    -h!s can be aaded een !& bo"h a%es aead os!"!e. M1

    2

    7

    o.e. @.B. c.s.o. A1 cso[9]

    23.

    =

    2

    1d

    2

    1

    2

    1x

    xx

    (G e$%!aen", s%ch as xx 2o,2 2

    1

    ) M1A1

    242282

    2

    1

    8

    1

    2

    1

    +==

    x

    /o 42 2, o 2(22 1), o 2(1 + 22) M1A1 4

    1s"M1

    2

    1

    2

    1

    )xx

    , 0.

    2nd

    M #%bs"!"%"!ng !!"s 8 and 1 !n"o a Schanged &%nc"!on

    (!.e. no"

    2

    1

    o1

    xx ), and s%b"ac"!ng, e!"he a o%nd.

    2nd

    A -h!s &!na a !s s"! scoed !& 2 + 42 !s eached !a a dec!a.

    Holland Park School 19

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    20/22

    @.B. n"ega"!on cons"an" +4a aea, e.g.8

    1

    2

    1

    2

    1

    +

    4x

    = (28 + 4) (2 + 4) = 2 + 42 (#"! &% as)B%"... a &!na anse s%ch as 2 + 42 + 4!s A0.

    @.B. " ! soe"!es be necessa "o S!gnoe s%bse$%en" o!ng

    (!s) a&"e a coec" &o !s seen, e.g.

    =

    2

    1d

    2

    1

    2

    1x

    xx

    (M1 A1),

    &ooed b !ncoec" s!!&!ca"!on

    =

    =

    2

    12

    1

    2

    1

    2

    1

    2

    1d x

    xxx

    (s"! M1 A1).... -he second M a !s s"! aa!abe &o

    s%bs"!"%"!ng 8 and 1 !n"o

    2

    1

    2

    1x

    and s%b"ac"!ng.[4]

    24. (a) !"he so!ng 0 =x(6 x) and sho!ngx= 6 (andx=0) B1 1

    (b) o sho!ng (6, 0) (andx= 0) sa"!s&!esy = 6xx2

    /ao &o sho!ngx= 6

    #o!ng 2x = 6xx2(x

    2= 4x) "ox= >. M1

    x = 4 ( andx= 0) A1

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    21/22

    (c) (Aea =)

    )4(

    )0(

    2 d)6( xxx!!"s no" e$%!ed M1

  • 8/13/2019 Core 2 - Ch 11 - 1 - Integration - Solutions

    22/22

    -he &!na a a aso be scoed b e!&!ng "ha"0

    d

    d=

    x

    y

    a"x= 2.

    (b) Aea o& "!ange =222

    2

    1 (M