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Coquina – cemented aggregate of geologically modern shell fragments. Fossiliferous limestone – a cemented aggregate of original shell fragments, molds, and casts of ancient marine organisms. Note fossil mold of a shell in this specimen. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Coquina – cemented aggregate of geologically modern shell fragments.
Fossiliferous limestone – a
cemented aggregate of original shell
fragments, molds, and casts of ancient marine organisms.
Note fossil mold of a shell in this
specimen.
Peat, a mass of matted together plant material covered by H2O, which impedes decay. H2 and O2 are lost, concentrating carbon.
Lignite, so called “brown coal”, a soft
coal that forms when peat is
compressed and aged, about 40%
carbon.
Bituminous coal – soft coal formed when lignite is compacted and altered for millions of years, about 85% carbon, this coal is the most commonly mined and used for a fuel.
Sedimentary Rock Features Features in sedimentary rock that
reflect the sedimentary environment. Not found in other rock types. Features:
Stratification Fossils Ripple marks & crossbeds Mud cracks Nodules, concretions & geodes
Rock Stratification (layering) Bryce Canyon, UT
Photo used with permission from Mike Jarvis, Naperville Central HS, Naperville, IL
Ripple marks caused by wave action on the sandy bottom of a shallow bay
Almost identical ripple marks on the surface of a
sandstone millions of years
old.
Mud cracks in drying mud
Mud cracks preserved on the bedding surface of a
shale.
Groundwater dissolves hollow spaces in sedimentary rock, typically limestone, and mineral material is deposited inside the hollow with crystal points growing toward the center.
Geode
Thunder Egg
Cross-bedding at Checkerboard Mesa Zion National Park, UT
Photo used with permission from Mike Jarvis, Naperville Central HS, Naperville, IL
Dinosaur skeleton preserved in sedimentary rock - China
Photo used with permission from Mike Jarvis, Naperville Central HS, Naperville, IL