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Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved.
Power Electronics for a sustainable and secure Energy Supply
Michael Weinhold
Technology and Innovation
Siemens AG, Energy Sector
Seite 2 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Challenges and Solutions for the energy system
Goal: efficient, reliable, flexible, safe and secure energy supply infrastructure
Increased use of renewable and distributed energy resources.
Distribution within congested areas / mega cities.
Bulk power transmission over long distances
High efficient fossil power plants
Urbanization
Scarcity of natural
resources
ClimateChange
Need for more energy
Open markets
Seite 3 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Future grids require more flexibility
Increased energy trading
Increasing distance between generation and load
Fluctuating infeed
Increasing short-circuit currents
High supply quality along with greater network complexity and vulnerability
Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids
Integration of distributed energy resources
Cost pressure
Aging infrastructure and lack of experts
Legal & regulatory framework
Seite 4 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Advanced Power Transmission Solutions with HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current Transmission) and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmissions Systems)
Symbols:
Series compensationDC Transmission& Interconnection
~
North System50 Hz
North System50 Hz
South System60 Hz
South System60 Hz
Central System60 Hz
Central System60 Hz
Clean &Low CostEnergy
Tariff
Bulk Power &Long Distance
Tariff
PowerExchange
Power Exchange– Asynchronous Networks
Avoidance ofLoop Flows
~
SubmarineCable Link
SubmarineCable Link
Parallel compensation
voltage control
Seite 5 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Series Compensator for AC Line in Brasil (1997)
Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC)in Serra da Mesa- Increase of Power Transfer Capacity to 1300MW- Stabilisation of Transmission Grid (up to 500 POD/day)- Power Rating 107MVAr - Transmission Voltage 550kV
Seite 6 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Components and principle technologies of High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC)
~=
=~
AC Grid 1
DC
HVDC Classic HVDC PLUS
AC Grid 2
C
A
G
G
E
C
Seite 7 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
DC lineSystem 1 System 2
ACACACAC
Long Distance
Back-to-Back
System 1 System 2
ACACACAC
DC Cable
DC cable
ACAC ACACSystem 2System 1
Siemens HVDC TechnologyHVDC Applications
Seite 8 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Bipolar
Transmission LineTerminal A Terminal B
Pole 1
Pole 2
Transmission Line
Terminal A Terminal B
Monopolar
Siemens HVDC TechnologyHVDC Long Distance Transmission Systems
Seite 9 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Right of way comparison
± 500 kV D C 2 x 500 kV AC
100 m50 m
Typical Transm ission L ine S tructu res for approx. 2000 M W
Seite 10 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Customer: Neptune RTS
Project name: Neptune
Location: New York/New Jersey Long Island
Type of Plant: Long Distance Sea Cable
Power Rating: 660 MW, monopolar
Trans. distance: 105 km Sea Cable +23 km Land Cable
Voltage levels: 500 kV DC230/345 kV, 60Hz
Thyristor voltage: 8 kV (LTT)
Neptune, USA, 2007
“Black out prevention for mega cities”
Manhattan
JFK
Seite 11 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
The Trans Bay Cable project with HVDC PLUS
Little room for the power converter stations
High seismic requirements
Complex interaction with the AC grid (low harmonics, existing SVC etc.)
New self-commutating HVDC PLUS topology
± 200kV, 400MW capacity
90km of extruded XLPE marine cable
Seite 12 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Customer: Moyle Interconnector Ltd.
Project name: Moyle Interconnector
Location: Northen Ireland – Scotland
Type of plant: Long-distance transmission submarine cable
Power rating: 2 x 250 MW
Trans. distance: 64 km
Voltage levels: 2 x 250 kV DC275 kV, 50 Hz
Type of thyristor: Direct-lighttriggered 8 Kv
Nos. of thyristors: 1872
Moyle Interconnector, Northern Ireland, 2001
Seite 13 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnerctor
Customer: Red Eléctrica de España
400 MW, 250 kV8 kV LTT250 km sea-cable
52% Reduction in CO2 by using energy mix from mainland instead of building an oil-fired power plant on the island
Operation scheduled for May 2011
Order volume 100´€
Enabled CO2
abatement: 1.200.000 t/a
Seite 14 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Example for reduced transmission losses:2500MW HVDC to Dehli
500kV / 2500MW HVDC Transmission
ca. 40% lower losses compared to the locally typical 400kV AC transmission
CO2 abatement: 688.000 t/a
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Tra
nsm
issi
on
lo
sses
in
GW
h /
a
AC DC
Seite 15 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Customer: Basslink PTY Ltd.(NGT Int. Ltd.)
Location: Tasmania-Victoria
Supplier: Tas-VicInterconnectorConsortiumSiemens / Pirelli
Type of Plant: Long DistanceSea Cable / OHL
Power rating: 500 MW monopolar
Trans. distance: 286 km DC cable 70 km OHL
Basslink HVDC Interconnector, 2005
“Green Energy for Australia”
Seite 16 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Customer: State Power South Company
Project name: Guizhou - Guangdong
Location: Guizhou Province and Guangzhou near Hongkong
Type of plant: Long-distancetransmission
Power rating: 3000 MW, bipolar
Trans. distance: 980 km
Voltage levels: ± 500 kV DC, 525 kV
Type of thyristor: 8 kV (LTT)
Nos. of thyristors: 3744
Guizhou - Guangdong, China, 2004
Seite 17 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
Example of Connecting renewable Energies:Hydro Power in China via High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC)
Only HVDC allows transfer of Hydro Power from Yunnan into the Hong-Kong area.
HVDC with highest-ever rating of 5000 MW over distance of1400 km.
First ever 800kV HVDC.
Order received 6/2007 from China Southern Power Grid
Avoiding emmission of
30 Mt CO2 per year
Seite 18 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
800kV DC transformer bushing at the test lab of TU Graz
For China 500kV is not enough:800kV UHV DC
Seite 19 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold
GuG II2007
GuG I2004
Ge-Nan1989
Neptune2007
Poste Châte.
1984
Basslink
ESI2003/2007
Thailand-Malaysia
2001
Moyle2001
Acaray1981
Lamar2005
Virginia Smith1987
Sylmar East1995
TSQ2000
Celilo
1997/2004
1977/1998Cahora Bassa
Nelson River
1977/2004
Welsh1995 2005
Ballia-Bhiwadi
2009
TSQ
Yunnan-Guangdong
World’s longest HVDC Cable in Operation
Trans Bay Cable
2010
Power Transmission and Distribution
World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission Voltage of 800 kV !
Etzenricht1993
Wien Südost1993
Dürnrohr1983
Storebælt
2010
2010Bridnet
2009/2010
Status: 01-2008
Spain-Mallorca2011
Siemens HVDC experience