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Copyright CSHI 2007
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
Worker AwarenessWorker Awareness
presented by
8011 Cameron Road, Suite 106 Austin, TX 78754 512.462.1234 www.cshi.org
Copyright CSHI 2007
Use of telephones/pagers
Smoking area
Location of restrooms
Breaks
Location of exits/evacuationprocedures
Classroom Procedures
Copyright CSHI 2007
DisclaimerDisclaimer
This material was produced under grant number SHTG-FY-07-01 Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Copyright CSHI 2007
Course ContentCourse Content
General Safety RulesGeneral Safety Rules
Hand and Power Tool SafetyHand and Power Tool Safety
Electrical SafetyElectrical Safety
Fall ProtectionFall Protection
ScaffoldingScaffolding
Verification of ComprehensionVerification of Comprehension
Copyright CSHI 2007
General Safety RulesGeneral Safety Rules
Personal Protective Equipment
Subpart ESubpart E
29 CFR 1926.95-10729 CFR 1926.95-107
Copyright CSHI 2007
Head ProtectionHead Protection1926.1001926.100
Required When Employees Required When Employees Exposed to Possible Danger of Exposed to Possible Danger of Head Injury From:Head Injury From: ImpactImpact Falling or Flying ObjectsFalling or Flying Objects Electrical Shock and BurnsElectrical Shock and Burns
Copyright CSHI 2007
Helmets For Protection Against Helmets For Protection Against Impact and Penetration of Falling Impact and Penetration of Falling and Flying Objects Shall Meet ANSI and Flying Objects Shall Meet ANSI Z89.1 SpecificationsZ89.1 Specifications
Helmets For Employees Exposed to Helmets For Employees Exposed to High Voltage Electrical Shock and High Voltage Electrical Shock and Burns Shall Meet ANSI Z89.2Burns Shall Meet ANSI Z89.2
Head ProtectionHead Protection
Copyright CSHI 2007
ANSI Z89.1-1997 ANSI Z89.1-1997 RevisionRevision
New Classes:New Classes:
Class G (General) 2,200 voltsClass G (General) 2,200 volts
Class E (Electrical) 20,000 voltsClass E (Electrical) 20,000 volts
Class C (Conductive) 0 voltsClass C (Conductive) 0 volts
Copyright CSHI 2007
Eye & Face ProtectionEye & Face Protection1026.1021026.102
(a) General(a) General Employees Shall Be Provided With Employees Shall Be Provided With
Protective Equipment When Protective Equipment When Machines/Operations Present Machines/Operations Present Potential Eye/face Injury From:Potential Eye/face Injury From: Physical, Physical, Chemical orChemical or Radiation AgentsRadiation Agents
Copyright CSHI 2007
Eye and Face Protection Equipment Eye and Face Protection Equipment Shall Meet ANSI Z87.1 SpecificationsShall Meet ANSI Z87.1 Specifications
Employees Who Wear Corrective Employees Who Wear Corrective Lenses Shall Be Protected By:Lenses Shall Be Protected By: Prescription Safety GlassesPrescription Safety Glasses Goggles That Can Be Worn Over Goggles That Can Be Worn Over
GlassesGlasses Prescription GogglesPrescription Goggles
Eye & Face Eye & Face ProtectionProtection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Be Distinctly Marked to Facilitate Be Distinctly Marked to Facilitate Identification of ManufacturerIdentification of Manufacturer
User Advised of Limitations and User Advised of Limitations and Precautions of ManufacturerPrecautions of Manufacturer
Protectors Protectors ShallShall
Copyright CSHI 2007
Foot ProtectionFoot Protection1926.961926.96
Required When Employees Exposed Required When Employees Exposed to Dropping Heavy Objects or Rolling to Dropping Heavy Objects or Rolling Objects on feet.Objects on feet.
Safety-toe Footwear Shall Meet Safety-toe Footwear Shall Meet ANSI Z41.1 SpecificationsANSI Z41.1 Specifications
Copyright CSHI 2007
NEW Standard Went into Effect NEW Standard Went into Effect October 5, 1998October 5, 1998
Respiratory Respiratory ProtectionProtection
1926.103 - 1910.1341926.103 - 1910.134
Copyright CSHI 2007
Employer responsible for Employer responsible for developing and implementing developing and implementing written respiratory protection written respiratory protection programprogram
Program administered by Trained Program administered by Trained Program AdministratorProgram Administrator
Respiratory Respiratory ProtectionProtection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Respirators selected shall be Respirators selected shall be NIOSH CertifiedNIOSH Certified
Employer Shall Identify and Employer Shall Identify and Evaluate Respiratory Hazards or Evaluate Respiratory Hazards or Consider Atmosphere IDLHConsider Atmosphere IDLH
Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Medical Evaluation of Medical Evaluation of Employee Required Before Employee Required Before Fit Test Fit Test
Employees Required to Employees Required to Wear Respirators With Wear Respirators With Negative or Positive Negative or Positive Pressure Tight-fitting Pressure Tight-fitting Facepiece Shall be Fit Facepiece Shall be Fit TestedTested
Respiratory Respiratory ProtectionProtection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Employee Must Pass Qualitative Employee Must Pass Qualitative or Quantitative Fit Test before or Quantitative Fit Test before using the respiratorusing the respirator
Respiratory Respiratory ProtectionProtection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Fit Test Shall Be Performed At Fit Test Shall Be Performed At Least Least AnnuallyAnnually
Additional Fit Test If Employee’s Additional Fit Test If Employee’s Physical Condition Changes Physical Condition Changes (gains or loses weight, dentures, (gains or loses weight, dentures, etc.)etc.)
Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Employer Shall Establish and Employer Shall Establish and Retain Written Records of:Retain Written Records of: Medical EvaluationsMedical Evaluations Fit Testing Fit Testing Respirator ProgramRespirator Program
Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Ear Protective Devices Inserted Ear Protective Devices Inserted in Ear Shall Be:in Ear Shall Be:Fitted orFitted orDetermined Individually By Determined Individually By Competent PersonsCompetent Persons
Plain Cotton Is NOT Acceptable Plain Cotton Is NOT Acceptable Protective DeviceProtective Device
Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Table D-2 Permissible Table D-2 Permissible Noise ExposuresNoise Exposures
DurationDuration Sound LevelSound Level 8 hours8 hours 90 dBA 90 dBA
6 hours6 hours 92 dBA 92 dBA
4 hours4 hours 95 dBA 95 dBA
3 hours3 hours 97 dBA 97 dBA
2 hours2 hours 100 dBA 100 dBA
1.5 hours1.5 hours 102 dBA 102 dBA
1 hour1 hour 105 dBA 105 dBA
Copyright CSHI 2007
HousekeepingHousekeeping
Keep Storage Areas Free From Keep Storage Areas Free From Accumulation of Materials That Accumulation of Materials That Constitute Hazards From Constitute Hazards From Tripping, Fire, Explosion orTripping, Fire, Explosion or
Pest HarboragePest Harborage Control VegetationControl Vegetation
Copyright CSHI 2007Construction Safety & Health, Inc.
Copyright CSHI 2007
Disposal Of Waste Disposal Of Waste MaterialMaterial1926.2521926.252
Enclosed Chute Shall Be Used Enclosed Chute Shall Be Used When Materials Are Dropped When Materials Are Dropped More Than 20 Feet To Any Point More Than 20 Feet To Any Point Outside Exterior Walls of Outside Exterior Walls of BuildingBuilding
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Disposal Of Waste Disposal Of Waste MaterialMaterial1926.2521926.252
When Debris Is Dropped When Debris Is Dropped ThroughThrough
Holes in Floors, Area Shall Be Holes in Floors, Area Shall Be
Completely Enclosed With Completely Enclosed With
Barricades & Warning Signs Barricades & Warning Signs
PostedPosted
Copyright CSHI 2007
Hand and Power Tool Hand and Power Tool SafetySafety
Copyright CSHI 2007
Must be equipped with proper Must be equipped with proper guardsguards
Must be groundedMust be grounded Employee must wear proper Employee must wear proper
personal protective equipmentpersonal protective equipment
Woodworking ToolsWoodworking Tools
Copyright CSHI 2007
Radial SawsRadial Saws
Upper hood shall completely enclose Upper hood shall completely enclose upper portion of blade, including saw upper portion of blade, including saw arborarbor
Sides of lower exposed portion of Sides of lower exposed portion of blade shall be guardedblade shall be guarded
Guard shall automatically adjust to Guard shall automatically adjust to thickness of stock and remain in thickness of stock and remain in contact with stock being cutcontact with stock being cut
Copyright CSHI 2007
Hand-Fed RipsawsHand-Fed Ripsaws
Guarded by hood which:Guarded by hood which: completely encloses portion of saw completely encloses portion of saw
above table & above material being above table & above material being cutcut
automatically adjusts itself to automatically adjusts itself to thickness of & remains in contact with thickness of & remains in contact with material being cutmaterial being cut
doesn’t offer resistancedoesn’t offer resistance is strong enough to protect operator is strong enough to protect operator
from flying splinters/broken saw teethfrom flying splinters/broken saw teeth
Copyright CSHI 2007
Power-Operated Hand Power-Operated Hand ToolsTools
Electric toolsElectric tools
Double-insulated or groundedDouble-insulated or grounded
Use of cords for hoisting or lowering Use of cords for hoisting or lowering tools shall not be permittedtools shall not be permitted
Copyright CSHI 2007
Power-Operated Hand Power-Operated Hand ToolsTools
Pneumatic toolsPneumatic tools Secured to hose or whip by positive Secured to hose or whip by positive
meansmeans Safety clips or retainers shall be Safety clips or retainers shall be
securely installed & maintainedsecurely installed & maintained Nailers & staplers (more than 100 Nailers & staplers (more than 100
p.s.i.) shall have safety device on p.s.i.) shall have safety device on muzzlemuzzle
Copyright CSHI 2007
Power-Operated Hand Power-Operated Hand ToolsTools
Pneumatic toolsPneumatic toolsCompressed air for cleaning Compressed air for cleaning
< 30 p.s.i.< 30 p.s.i.Hoses exceeding 1/2 inch i.d. Hoses exceeding 1/2 inch i.d. shall have a safety device at shall have a safety device at source or branch linesource or branch line
Copyright CSHI 2007
Power-Operated Hand Power-Operated Hand ToolsTools
Powder-actuated toolsPowder-actuated toolsEmployees must be trained in Employees must be trained in operation of particular tooloperation of particular tool
Tool tested each dayTool tested each day
Copyright CSHI 2007
Power-Operated Hand Power-Operated Hand ToolsTools
Powder-actuated toolsPowder-actuated toolsDefective tools removed from Defective tools removed from serviceservice
Must wear PPEMust wear PPETools not loaded until use & not Tools not loaded until use & not left unattendedleft unattended
Copyright CSHI 2007
Circular SawsCircular Saws
Equipped with guards above & Equipped with guards above & below base plate or shoebelow base plate or shoe
Upper guard & lower guard shall Upper guard & lower guard shall cover saw to depth of teethcover saw to depth of teeth
When tool is withdrawn from work, When tool is withdrawn from work, lower guard shall automatically lower guard shall automatically return to covering positionreturn to covering position
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Hand ToolsHand Tools
Unsafe hand tools shall not be usedUnsafe hand tools shall not be used Wrenches (adjustable, pipe, end, and Wrenches (adjustable, pipe, end, and
socket wrenches) shall not be used socket wrenches) shall not be used when jaws are sprungwhen jaws are sprung
Impact tools (drift pins, wedges, Impact tools (drift pins, wedges, chisels) shall be kept free of chisels) shall be kept free of mushroomed headsmushroomed heads
Wooden handles to tools shall be kept Wooden handles to tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracksfree of splinters or cracks
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Subpart KSubpart K
29 CFR 1926.400-44929 CFR 1926.400-449
ElectricalElectrical
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Splices - splicing devices Splices - splicing devices designed for usedesigned for use
Marking - equipment must have Marking - equipment must have identification plateidentification plate
Disconnecting means & circuits Disconnecting means & circuits must be marked unless purpose must be marked unless purpose is evidentis evident
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Wiring Design & Wiring Design & ProtectionProtection1926.4041926.404
Check for Reverse PolarityCheck for Reverse Polarity
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) must be used on all 120 (GFCI) must be used on all 120 Volt, Single Phase, 15- and 20-Volt, Single Phase, 15- and 20-ampereampere
Receptacle OutletsReceptacle Outlets
Copyright CSHI 2007
GroundingGrounding
Ground path shall be permanent Ground path shall be permanent and continuousand continuous
Fixed equipment and cord and Fixed equipment and cord and plug equipment shall be plug equipment shall be groundedgrounded
Copyright CSHI 2007
Flexible CordsFlexible Cords
Protected from damageProtected from damage Extension cords:Extension cords:
Three-wire typeThree-wire typeDesigned for hard or extra-hard Designed for hard or extra-hard usage (S, ST, SO, STO, SJ, usage (S, ST, SO, STO, SJ, SJO,SJT, SJTO)SJO,SJT, SJTO)
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Flexible Cords & CablesFlexible Cords & Cables
Prohibited Uses:Prohibited Uses: Substitute for Fixed WiringSubstitute for Fixed Wiring Run Through Holes in Walls, Run Through Holes in Walls,
Ceilings, or Floors, Doorways or Ceilings, or Floors, Doorways or WindowsWindows
Attached to Building StructureAttached to Building Structure Concealed Behind Building Walls, Concealed Behind Building Walls,
Ceilings, or FloorsCeilings, or Floors
Copyright CSHI 2007
Flexible Cords & CablesFlexible Cords & Cables
Marking - Type Designation, Size Marking - Type Designation, Size and Number of Conductorsand Number of Conductors
Strain Relief - Prevent Pull on JointsStrain Relief - Prevent Pull on Joints
Cords Protected When Passing Cords Protected When Passing Through HolesThrough Holes
Copyright CSHI 2007
Subpart MSubpart M
29 CFR 1926.500-50329 CFR 1926.500-503
Fall ProtectionFall Protection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Competent PersonCompetent Person Capable of Identifying Capable of Identifying
Existing and Predictable Existing and Predictable HazardsHazards
Authorization to Take Authorization to Take Prompt Corrective Prompt Corrective MeasuresMeasures
Copyright CSHI 2007
Duty To Have Fall Duty To Have Fall ProtectionProtection1926.5011926.501
Protection at or Above Six (6) Foot Protection at or Above Six (6) Foot LevelLevel
Walking/working Surfaces Walking/working Surfaces Inspected Before Work BeginsInspected Before Work Begins
Employees Can Only Work on Employees Can Only Work on Surfaces Strong Enough to Surfaces Strong Enough to Support ThemSupport Them
Copyright CSHI 2007
Protection Required For:Protection Required For:1926.5011926.501
Unprotected Sides & Unprotected Sides & EdgesEdges
Leading EdgesLeading Edges Hoist AreasHoist Areas HolesHoles Formwork & ReinforcingFormwork & Reinforcing
SteelSteel Ramps, Runways, & Ramps, Runways, &
Other WalkwaysOther Walkways Excavations, Wells, Pits Excavations, Wells, Pits
& Shafts& Shafts Dangerous EquipmentDangerous Equipment
Overhand Bricklaying & Overhand Bricklaying & Related WorkRelated Work
Roofing work on Low-Slope Roofing work on Low-Slope
RoofsRoofs Steep RoofsSteep Roofs Precast Concrete ErectionPrecast Concrete Erection Residential ConstructionResidential Construction Wall OpeningsWall Openings Walking & Working SurfacesWalking & Working Surfaces
Not Otherwise AddressedNot Otherwise Addressed
Copyright CSHI 2007
Unprotected Sides and Unprotected Sides and EdgesEdges
All Sides and Edges 6 feet or All Sides and Edges 6 feet or more above lower levelmore above lower level
No limits on distance from side No limits on distance from side or edgeor edge
Copyright CSHI 2007
Leading EdgesLeading Edges
Moving point where a Moving point where a potential fall hazard existspotential fall hazard exists
Copyright CSHI 2007
Hoist AreasHoist Areas
Protected with GuardrailsProtected with Guardrails Gated or OffsetGated or Offset
Copyright CSHI 2007
HolesHoles
Greater than 2 inches in it’s Greater than 2 inches in it’s least dimension requires cover least dimension requires cover or guardor guard
Must be secured and labeled as Must be secured and labeled as “hole” or “cover”“hole” or “cover”
Capable of supporting potential Capable of supporting potential loadload
Copyright CSHI 2007
Formwork/Reinforcing Formwork/Reinforcing SteelSteel
6’ or greater fall requires 6’ or greater fall requires protectionprotection
Vertical travel less than 24” Vertical travel less than 24” above lower level may use above lower level may use positioning beltpositioning belt
Horizontal travel requires fall Horizontal travel requires fall protectionprotection
Copyright CSHI 2007
Ramps/Runways/Ramps/Runways/WalkwaysWalkways
6’ or greater fall exposure 6’ or greater fall exposure requires guardrail systemsrequires guardrail systems
Copyright CSHI 2007
ExcavationsExcavations
6’ or more require guardrails, 6’ or more require guardrails, fences, barricades, or coversfences, barricades, or covers
Copyright CSHI 2007
Dangerous EquipmentDangerous Equipment
< 6’ requires guardrail systems or < 6’ requires guardrail systems or equipment guardingequipment guarding
> > 6’ requires guardrails, personal 6’ requires guardrails, personal fall arrest systems or safety netsfall arrest systems or safety nets
Moving parts, vats, pickling tanks, Moving parts, vats, pickling tanks, etc.etc.
Copyright CSHI 2007
Overhand BricklayingOverhand Bricklaying
>> 6 ‘requires guardrails, personal 6 ‘requires guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, controlled fall arrest systems, controlled access zones or safety netsaccess zones or safety nets
Reaching more than 10” below the Reaching more than 10” below the surface on which they are working surface on which they are working requires guardrails, personal fall requires guardrails, personal fall arrest systems or safety netsarrest systems or safety nets
Copyright CSHI 2007
RoofsRoofs
Low SlopeLow Slope Steep SlopeSteep Slope
Copyright CSHI 2007
Low SlopeLow Slope
< < 4 to 12 pitch:4 to 12 pitch: requires guardrails, requires guardrails, personal fall arrest systems or safety personal fall arrest systems or safety nets, or a combination of:nets, or a combination of: Warning line & Guardrail SystemsWarning line & Guardrail Systems Warning line & safety netsWarning line & safety nets Warning line & PPEWarning line & PPE Warning line & Safety Monitoring Warning line & Safety Monitoring
SystemsSystems
Copyright CSHI 2007
Steep SlopeSteep Slope
> 4 to 12 pitch requires > 4 to 12 pitch requires guardrails, personal fall arrest guardrails, personal fall arrest systems or safety netssystems or safety nets
Copyright CSHI 2007
Residential ConstructionResidential Construction
>> 6’ shall be protected by 6’ shall be protected by guardrail systems, safety net guardrail systems, safety net system or personal fall arrest system or personal fall arrest system unless another provision system unless another provision in paragraph (b) of this section in paragraph (b) of this section provides for an alternative fall provides for an alternative fall protection measureprotection measure
Copyright CSHI 2007
Wall OpeningsWall Openings
Guarded if:Guarded if:Width isWidth is > > 18 inches and, 18 inches and,Height isHeight is > > 30 inches and, 30 inches and,Outside bottom edge is > 6 feet Outside bottom edge is > 6 feet above lower level and,above lower level and,
Inside bottom edge is < 39” Inside bottom edge is < 39” above the W/W surfaceabove the W/W surface
Copyright CSHI 2007
W/W Not Otherwise W/W Not Otherwise AddressedAddressed
WalkwaysWalkways Ladder access pointsLadder access points Heavy EquipmentHeavy Equipment
Copyright CSHI 2007
Fall Protection SystemsFall Protection Systems1926.5021926.502
GuardrailsGuardrails Safety NetsSafety Nets Personal Fall Arrest SystemsPersonal Fall Arrest Systems Positioning DevicesPositioning Devices Other SystemsOther Systems Hole CoversHole Covers
Copyright CSHI 2007
GuardrailsGuardrails
42”+/- 3”
21”
8’
TOP RAIL
MID RAIL
3 1/2”
TOEBOARD
Copyright CSHI 2007
Personal Fall Arrest Personal Fall Arrest SystemsSystems
1926.502(d)1926.502(d)
Body Belts not allowed for Body Belts not allowed for fall fall arrestarrest as of January 1, 1998. as of January 1, 1998.
Copyright CSHI 2007
Personal Fall Arrest Personal Fall Arrest Systems 1926.502(d)Systems 1926.502(d)
D-RINGS AND SNAPHOOKSD-RINGS AND SNAPHOOKS 5000# Tensile Strength5000# Tensile Strength Proof Tested to 3600#Proof Tested to 3600# Only locking type as of 1/1/98Only locking type as of 1/1/98
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Personal Fall Arrest Personal Fall Arrest SystemsSystems
LIFELINESLIFELINES Horizontal Lifelines Installation Horizontal Lifelines Installation
Supervised by Qualified PersonSupervised by Qualified Person Free Fall No More Than 6 FeetFree Fall No More Than 6 Feet Minimum Breaking Strength of 5,000 Minimum Breaking Strength of 5,000
Pounds per personPounds per person
Copyright CSHI 2007
Personal Fall Arrest Personal Fall Arrest Systems 1926.502(d)Systems 1926.502(d)
LIFELINESLIFELINES Provide for Prompt RescueProvide for Prompt Rescue Inspect Prior to Each UseInspect Prior to Each Use
Copyright CSHI 2007
Other SystemsOther Systems
Warning LinesWarning Lines Controlled Access ZonesControlled Access Zones Safety Monitoring SystemsSafety Monitoring Systems Fall Protection PlansFall Protection Plans
Copyright CSHI 2007
Warning Line SystemsWarning Line Systems1926.502 (f)1926.502 (f)
Erected around Erected around all sides of roof all sides of roof work areawork area
Roof access Roof access points guardedpoints guarded
Flag with high Flag with high visibility visibility materialmaterial
No lower than No lower than 34” nor higher 34” nor higher than 39”than 39”
Copyright CSHI 2007
Controlled Access Zones Controlled Access Zones 1926.502 (g)1926.502 (g)
Leading edge workLeading edge work Overhand bricklayingOverhand bricklaying Accessible only to those Accessible only to those
qualified employees qualified employees necessary to perform worknecessary to perform work
Copyright CSHI 2007
Safety Monitoring Safety Monitoring SystemsSystems
Competent Competent person to person to monitormonitor
Warn workers of Warn workers of fall hazardsfall hazards
On same level, in On same level, in visual sight of visual sight of workersworkers
Close enough to Close enough to communicate communicate orallyorally
Monitor can Monitor can have no other have no other dutiesduties
Copyright CSHI 2007
CoversCovers1926.502(i)1926.502(i)
Vehicle TrafficVehicle Traffic 2 Times Maximum Axle 2 Times Maximum Axle
Load of Largest Vehicle Load of Largest Vehicle Foot TrafficFoot Traffic
2 Times Expected Load 2 Times Expected Load Secured to Prevent DisplacementSecured to Prevent Displacement Marked HOLE/COVER or Color Marked HOLE/COVER or Color
CodedCoded
Copyright CSHI 2007
Training Requirements Training Requirements 1926.5031926.503
Supplements 1926.21Supplements 1926.21 Employees Exposed to Fall HazardsEmployees Exposed to Fall Hazards Certified Training RecordsCertified Training Records Latest Training Certification Latest Training Certification
MaintainedMaintained Retraining for Changes inRetraining for Changes in
System or WorkplaceSystem or Workplace
Copyright CSHI 2007
Four Basic Requirements Four Basic Requirements For Fall Protection For Fall Protection
EquipmentEquipment 1.1. Assess the hazard: what kind of Assess the hazard: what kind of
work are you doing and where is it work are you doing and where is it located?located?
2.2. What will happen if a fall occurs?What will happen if a fall occurs?
3.3. Select appropriate equipment for Select appropriate equipment for the job; think about comfort and the job; think about comfort and mobility.mobility.
4.4. Training on the equipment being Training on the equipment being used.used.
Copyright CSHI 2007
Break Time!Break Time!
Copyright CSHI 2007
Subpart LSubpart L
29 CFR 1926.450-45429 CFR 1926.450-454
ScaffoldsScaffolds
Copyright CSHI 2007
General Requirements General Requirements 1926.4511926.451
(a) Capacity:(a) Capacity: Support, Without Failure,Support, Without Failure,
Its Own Weight andIts Own Weight and 4 Times the Maximum Intended 4 Times the Maximum Intended Load Applied or TransmittedLoad Applied or Transmitted
Designed by a Qualified PersonDesigned by a Qualified Person
Copyright CSHI 2007
Effective September 2, Effective September 2, 19971997
Fall Protection required Fall Protection required whenwhen feasiblefeasible for employees erecting for employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds.or dismantling scaffolds.
Competent PersonCompetent Person determines determines
feasibilityfeasibility
Copyright CSHI 2007
Fall ProtectionFall Protection1926.451 (g)1926.451 (g)
Protection on all open sides and Protection on all open sides and ends when more than ends when more than 10 feet10 feet above lower levelabove lower level
Copyright CSHI 2007
Fall ProtectionFall Protection
Personal Fall Arrest Personal Fall Arrest SystemsSystemsFull Body HarnessFull Body HarnessLanyardLanyardAnchorage PointAnchorage Point
Copyright CSHI 2007
Fall ProtectionFall Protection
GuardrailsGuardrails Built in accordance with Appendix ABuilt in accordance with Appendix A Toprails installed 38” to 45” above Toprails installed 38” to 45” above
platform surfaceplatform surface Midrail installed midway between Midrail installed midway between
top edge of guardrail and platformtop edge of guardrail and platform Toprail must support 200 pounds;Toprail must support 200 pounds; midrail 150 poundsmidrail 150 pounds
Copyright CSHI 2007
ToeboardsToeboards
Capable of withstanding force of Capable of withstanding force of 50 pounds50 pounds
At least three and one-half At least three and one-half inches (3 l/2”) highinches (3 l/2”) high
Securely fastenedSecurely fastened
Copyright CSHI 2007
Toprail
Midrail
Toe board
Copyright CSHI 2007
Fall ProtectionFall Protection
GuardrailsGuardrails Midrails - Crossbracing Can Be Midrails - Crossbracing Can Be Used When the Crossing Point Used When the Crossing Point Is 20”-30”Is 20”-30”
Toprail - Crossbracing Can Be Toprail - Crossbracing Can Be Used When the Crossing Point Used When the Crossing Point Is 38”-48”Is 38”-48”
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Fabricated Frame Fabricated Frame ScaffoldingScaffolding
1926.452 (c)1926.452 (c) Shall be braced by cross, Shall be braced by cross,
horizontal, or diagonal braces or horizontal, or diagonal braces or combination thereofcombination thereof
Where uplift can occur - frames Where uplift can occur - frames locked together vertically by locked together vertically by pinspins
Copyright CSHI 2007
Mobile ScaffoldsMobile Scaffolds1926.452 (w)1926.452 (w)
Cross, horizontal or diagonal Cross, horizontal or diagonal braces or combinationbraces or combination
Scaffold casters & wheels shall Scaffold casters & wheels shall be locked with positive wheel be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locksand/or wheel and swivel locks
Shall be stabilized to preventShall be stabilized to prevent tippingtipping
Copyright CSHI 2007
Training RequirementsTraining Requirements1926.4541926.454
(a) Employees Working on a (a) Employees Working on a ScaffoldScaffold Electrical, Fall, and Falling Object Electrical, Fall, and Falling Object
HazardsHazards Correct Procedures for Dealing with Correct Procedures for Dealing with
Known HazardsKnown Hazards Proper Use of ScaffoldProper Use of Scaffold Maximum Intended Load & Load Maximum Intended Load & Load
Carrying Capacities of Scaffolds UsedCarrying Capacities of Scaffolds Used Any Other Pertinent InformationAny Other Pertinent Information
Copyright CSHI 2007
(b)(b) Employees Erecting, Disassembling,Employees Erecting, Disassembling,
Moving, Operating, Repairing,Moving, Operating, Repairing,
Maintaining, or Inspecting a Maintaining, or Inspecting a ScaffoldScaffold
Nature of Scaffold HazardsNature of Scaffold Hazards Correct Procedures For MaintainingCorrect Procedures For Maintaining Design Criteria, Maximum Intended Design Criteria, Maximum Intended
Load-Carrying Capacity & Intended UseLoad-Carrying Capacity & Intended Use Any Other Pertinent RequirementsAny Other Pertinent Requirements
Training RequirementsTraining Requirements1926.4541926.454
Copyright CSHI 2007
Maximum LoadsMaximum Loads
Light DutyLight Duty 25 psf25 psf
Medium DutyMedium Duty 50 psf50 psf
Heavy DutyHeavy Duty 75 psf75 psf
Copyright CSHI 2007
Platform Fully Planked or Platform Fully Planked or DeckedDecked
Scaffold Grade or EquivalentScaffold Grade or Equivalent ToprailsToprails MidrailsMidrails ToeboardsToeboards
Scaffold Platform Scaffold Platform ConstructionConstruction
Copyright CSHI 2007
Space Between Platform and Space Between Platform and Uprights Not More Than 1 Inch Uprights Not More Than 1 Inch Wide Except:Wide Except: Where Employer Can Where Employer Can
DemonstrateDemonstrate
That Wider Space is NecessaryThat Wider Space is Necessary Then Open Space Cannot Then Open Space Cannot
Exceed 9.5 InchesExceed 9.5 Inches Platforms Minimum 18” WidePlatforms Minimum 18” Wide
Scaffold Platform Scaffold Platform ConstructionConstruction
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
ClearancesClearancesPlatform to the Work Platform to the Work
FaceFace Outrigger Outrigger 3 inches 3 inches
Platform Platform 14 inches 14 inches
Plastering/Lathing 18 inchesPlastering/Lathing 18 inches
Copyright CSHI 2007
Scaffold PlatformsScaffold Platforms
Extend 6” to 12” Over the End Unless Extend 6” to 12” Over the End Unless Cleated or HookedCleated or Hooked
Overlapping PlatformsOverlapping Platforms At Least 12 InchesAt Least 12 Inches Only Over SupportsOnly Over Supports
No Opaque FinishesNo Opaque Finishes No Intermixing Scaffold Components No Intermixing Scaffold Components
Unless Approved By Competent Unless Approved By Competent PersonPerson
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Criteria for Supported Criteria for Supported ScaffoldsScaffolds
1926.451 (c)1926.451 (c) Scaffolds With Height to Base Width Scaffolds With Height to Base Width
Ratio of More Than Four to One (4:1) Ratio of More Than Four to One (4:1) Shall Be Restrained From Tipping By:Shall Be Restrained From Tipping By:GuyingGuyingTyingTyingBracing orBracing orEquivalent MeansEquivalent Means
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Use: 1926.451 (f)Use: 1926.451 (f)
Scaffolds shall not be loaded in Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of maximum intended excess of maximum intended loadload
Inspections by competent person Inspections by competent person before each work shiftbefore each work shift
Copyright CSHI 2007
Erection, dismantling, moving, or Erection, dismantling, moving, or alteringalteringDirection of competent personDirection of competent personWork performed by trained Work performed by trained employeesemployees
Do not work on scaffolds covered Do not work on scaffolds covered with snow, ice or other slippery with snow, ice or other slippery materialsmaterials
Use: 1926.451 (f)Use: 1926.451 (f)
Copyright CSHI 2007
Swinging loads controlled by tag Swinging loads controlled by tag lineslines
Work on scaffolds prohibited Work on scaffolds prohibited during storms or high winds during storms or high winds
Makeshift devices (boxes , Makeshift devices (boxes , barrels, etc.) Shall not be used barrels, etc.) Shall not be used on top of platform to increase on top of platform to increase height height
Use: 1926.451 (f)Use: 1926.451 (f)
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Stairways and Ladders General Stairways and Ladders General RequirementsRequirements
1926.10511926.1051 Break in elevation of 19” - stairway, Break in elevation of 19” - stairway,
ladder, ramp, runway MUST BE ladder, ramp, runway MUST BE providedprovided
Copyright CSHI 2007
StairwaysStairways1926.10521926.1052
Have landings 30” deep and 22” Have landings 30” deep and 22” wide at every 12’ or less of wide at every 12’ or less of vertical risevertical rise
Installed between 30-50 degrees Installed between 30-50 degrees from horizontalfrom horizontal
Riser height and tread depth Riser height and tread depth uniform uniform
Copyright CSHI 2007
Platform provided where door Platform provided where door opens directly on stairway and opens directly on stairway and 20” width maintained20” width maintained
Metal pan stairways filled with Metal pan stairways filled with woodwood
StairwaysStairways
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Four or more risers or more than Four or more risers or more than 30” - MUST HAVE stair rail or 30” - MUST HAVE stair rail or handrailhandrail
Landings provided with Landings provided with guardrailsguardrails
StairwaysStairways
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
LaddersLadders1926.10531926.1053
Capable of supporting Capable of supporting loadsloads
Rungs, cleats, steps spacedRungs, cleats, steps spaced
10-14”10-14” Wood ladders not coated Wood ladders not coated
with opaque coveringwith opaque covering Inspected before use and Inspected before use and
defective ones taggeddefective ones tagged
Copyright CSHI 2007
Load Ratings of LaddersLoad Ratings of Ladders
Type IAType IA Rated for 300 lbs.Rated for 300 lbs.
Type IType I Rated for 250 lbs.Rated for 250 lbs.
Type IIType II Rated for 225 lbs.Rated for 225 lbs.
Copyright CSHI 2007
Side rails must extend 36” above Side rails must extend 36” above upper landing surface upper landing surface
oror Secured at top to rigid support Secured at top to rigid support
and grasping device providedand grasping device provided
UseUse
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Non-self-supporting ladders shall Non-self-supporting ladders shall be used at angle such that be used at angle such that horizontal distance from top horizontal distance from top support to foot of ladder is support to foot of ladder is approx. 1/4 of working length of approx. 1/4 of working length of ladderladder
UseUse
Copyright CSHI 2007
Top or top step of Top or top step of stepladder must stepladder must not be used as a not be used as a stepstepCross-bracing on Cross-bracing on rear section of rear section of stepladder must stepladder must not be used for not be used for climbingclimbing
Copyright CSHI 2007
Worker must face Worker must face ladder when ladder when ascending or ascending or descendingdescending
Worker must have at Worker must have at least one hand free least one hand free to grasp ladderto grasp ladder
UseUse
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
Human Human Ladder?Ladder?
Copyright CSHI 2007
Copyright CSHI 2007
