Copyright Conspiracy: How the New Copyright Alert System May Violate theSherman Act - By Sean M. Flaim

8/2/2019 Copyright Conspiracy: How the New Copyright Alert System May Violate theSherman Act - By Sean M. Flaim

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pzcua~ack~ dzm pzcuabmb ecz ak © =4:,n!+:1 Djjam Ycmfemf& Rlm Kdp~rmz Plmkchmkck7 R}zkaki rlm H}~an Akb}~rzq ]p~abm Bcyk 4& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##h}zplqfajzdzq+}yfd|+mb}#baiardf#g}z#:004#ycmfemf+pbe >0 Ab+ >4 Ab+ dr :+>: Ab+ >> D%H Zmnczb~& Akn+ u+ Kdp~rmz& Akn+& :>1 E+>b 4002& 404: ,1rl Naz+ :004!+>2 Ab+ >= Ab+




9

jd~a~ rldr Kdp~rmz& jq pzcuabaki d nmkrzdf zmpc~arczq ecz rlm eafm kdhm~& yd~ jcrl nckrzaj}rczafq

dkb uandzac}~fq fadjfm ecz rlm ncpqzailr akezakimhmkr ce ar~ }~mz~+>5

]keczr}kdrmfq& rlm idhm ce yldn(d(hcfm ldb g}~r jmi}k ecz nckrmkr cykmz~+ Kc ~cckmz

rldk Kdp~rmz yd~ udkt}a~lmb& crlmz rmnlkcfciandf rccf~ ymzm zmfmd~mb ylanl bab kcr zmfq ck rlm

nmkrzdf zmpc~arczq ce eafm kdhm~& rlm omq ednrcz rc rlm Kakrl Nazn}ar‑~ bmrmzhakdrack ce fadjafarq+>9

Rlm~m ~cerydzm rccf~ marlmz ba~rzaj}rmb rlm akbm|aki ce eafm~ rc nmzrdak }~mz‑~ nchp}rmz~& cz }~mb

nchpfmrmfq bmnmkrzdfawmb ~mdznlm~ rc zmrzamum eafm akeczhdrack+><

Ylafm nckrmkr cykmz~

zm~pckbmb jq eafaki fdy~}ar~>1 didak~r rlm pzcuabmz~ ce rlm~m udzac}~ rccf~& rlm imkam yd~ kcy c}r

ce rlm jcrrfm+ Ar yd~ rlm }~mz~ ce rlm~m rccf~ ylc kcy pc~mb rlm izmdrm~r rlzmdr rc rlm nckrmkr

cykmz~‑ j}~akm~~ hcbmf+

Zmdfawaki rla~& nckrmkr cykmz~ rcco rlm eailr rc nck~}hmz~+ Ak ^mprmhjmz :00>& rlm

ZADD eafmb rlm eaz~r ce ><: fdy~}ar~ didak~r akbauab}df }~mz~ ecz ncpqzailr akezakimhmkr+20 Jq

Emjz}dzq :002& cumz :&000 ~}ar~ ldb jmmk eafmb+24 Ylmrlmz cz kcr rlm~m ~}ar~ zmb}nmb eafm ~ldzaki

zmhdak~ }kokcyk&2: j}r rlm fdy~}ar~ ymzm zc}kbfq nckbmhkmb jq p}jfan cpakack+2> Nckezckrmb

>5 Ab+ dr 40::(:>+>9 Czaiakdffq& rlm~m rccf~ aknf}bmb Ik}rmffd ,Hczplm}~ dkb FahmYazm! dkb Ed~rRzdno ,Izco~rmz dkb OdWdD!+Hdrrlmy Ediak& mr df+& Jmqckb Kdp~rmz7 ]~aki Dkrarz}~r Fdy rc Dbudknm dkb Mkldknm Ckfakm H}~an Ba~rzaj}rack& <J+]+ G+ ^na % Rmnl F+ 2=4& 254(5: ,:00:!+ Hczm zmnmkrfq& JarRczzmkr ld~ jmnchm pzmudfmkr& lduaki ba~pmk~mb yarlhdkq ce rlm rmnlkandf nldffmkim~ zda~mb jq rlm mdzfamz rmnlkcfciam~+ ^mm Dkkmhdzam Jzabq& A~ Ckfakm Ncpqzailr

Mkecznmhmkr ndfdjfm3& 4> Udkb+ G+ Mkr+ % Rmnl+ F+ 51=& 900(02 ,:044!+ H~+ Jzabq df~c kcrm~ rldr nmkrzdfawmbckfakm eafm fcnomz~ „ cz nqjmzfcnomz~ „ dzm kcy dkcrlmz izcyaki ~c}znm ce ckfakm akezakimhmkr+ Ab+ dr 902(05+>< ^rmpldkc~ Dkbzc}r~mffa~(Rlmcrcoa~ % Bachaba~ ^pakmffa~& D ^}zumq ce Pmmz(rc(Pmmz Nckrmkr Ba~rzaj}rack

Rmnlkcfciam~& >5 DNH Nchp}raki ^}zumq~ >>=& >25 ,:002!+>1 ^mm HIH ^r}bac~& Akn+ u+ Izco~rmz& Frb+& =2= ]+^+ 14> ,:00=!? Dza~rd Zmnczb~ FFN u+ Fahm Izc}p FFN& 94= E+^}pp+ :b 2<4 ,^+B+K+Q+ :040!+20

Jmkkq Mudkimfa~rd& Ckfakm H}~an Eakdffq ^rdzr~ rc Zcno “k‑ zcff& ^+E+ Nlzck+& Bmn+ :1& :00>& dr M4? Pzm~~ Zmfmd~m&ZADD& Zmnczbaki Akb}~rzq Jmiak~ ^}aki P:P Eafm ^ldzmz~ Ylc Affmidffq Ceemz Ncpqzailrmb H}~an Ckfakm& ,^mpr+ <&:00>!& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##yyy+zadd+nch#kmy~armh+plp3ab8<=4<>D1N(:<E2(41NM(JBM5(E2<M:05NM<D424 Ab+ 2: ^mm Pmrmz O+ Q}& Rlm M~ndfdraki Ncpqzailr Ydz~& >: Lce~rzd F+ Zmu+ 109& 1:: k+1> ,:002!? Gmeemz~ck Izdldh&Ncffmim ^r}bmkr~ Ednm Fdy~}ar~ ck Eafm ^ldzaki& ]^D Rcbdq& Dpz+ 4:& :00=& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+}~drcbdq+nch#rmnl#kmy~#:00=(02(4:(akrmzkmr:(~}arS|+lrh+2> Ymkbq Bdua~& ZADD Nmd~m~ ^}aki Pmmz(rc(Pmmz ]~mz~& Bmn+ ::& :00<& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+hmbadpc~r+nch#p}jfandrack~#3ed8Dzranfm~+~lcyDzranfm%dzrSdab81940:+




<

yarl rla~ p}jfan zmfdrack~ ead~nc& nckrmkr cykmz~ nldkimb bazmnrack rcydzb yczoaki yarl A^P~ rc

eakb pzaudrm ~cf}rack~& ceeanadffq mkbaki rlm faraidrack ndhpdaik ak :00<+22

Kcy& rlmaz drrmkrack a~

bazmnrmb rcydzb rlm dbcprack ce rlm km|r pzcha~aki ~cf}rack ecz zm~cfuaki rlm pzcjfmh ce ckfakm

akezakimhmkr „ rlm izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh+2=

J+ Rlm Bmumfcphmkr ce rlm Izdb}drmb Zm~pck~m ^q~rmh

Kcr ncaknabmkrdffq& ak :009 nckrmkr cykmz~ ymzm dfzmdbq dnraum ak drrmhpraki rc m~rdjfa~l

dfrmzkdraum ~q~rmh~ rc ~rmh ckfakm akezakimhmkr ak M}zcpm+ Rldr qmdz& rlm Ezmknl icumzkhmkr

dkkc}knmb dk dizmmhmkr ( rlm Cfaumkkm~ cz Mfq~ám dizmmhmkr ( jmrymmk A^P~ dkb rlm eafh dkb

h}~an akb}~rzam~+

25

Rla~ dizmmhmkr fdrmz fmb rc rlm pzcgmr bm fca educza~dkr fd baee}~ack mr fd

pzcrmnrack bm fd nzádrack ~}z akrmzkmr ,‖jaff rc ~}ppczr rlm baee}~ack dkb pzcrmnrack ce nzmdrack ck

rlm akrmzkmr‘!& ylanl yd~ akrzcb}nmb rc rlm Ezmknl pdzfadhmkr ak G}km :00<+29 Rlm jaff yc}fb

nzmdrm Fca LDBCPA & dk dimknq ylanl yc}fb cumz~mm rlm ahpfmhmkrdrack ce rlm fdy+2< Rlm

LDBCPA yc}fb zmnmaum nchpfdakr~ ezch nckrmkr cykmz~ zmidzbaki ckfakm akezakimhmkr+21 Ak

r}zk& ar yc}fb rlmk ~mkb ryc ydzkaki~ rc dk Akrmzkmr }~mz zmidzbaki akezakimhmkr jq mhdaf cz

zmia~rmzmb fmrrmz& rlm ~mnckb hczm ~mzac}~fq yczbmb& cz izdb}drmb& ezch rlm eaz~r+=0 Ck rlm rlazb

dnn}~drack ce akezakimhmkr& cz ‖rlazb(~rzaom&‘ Akrmzkmr }~mz~ nc}fb marlmz pdq d hckmrdzq

~mrrfmhmkr cz ldum rlmaz Akrmzkmr nckkmnrack ~}~pmkbmb ecz rlzmm hckrl~ rc d qmdz& cz ldum d

22 Ab+ 2= Kdrm Dkbmz~ck& ZADD Izdb}drmb Zm~pck~m Pfdk7 T%D yarl Ndzq ^lmzhdk& Bmn+ :4& :00<& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##dz~rmnlkand+nch#cfb#nckrmkr#:00<#4:#zadd(izdb}drmb(zm~pck~m(pfdk(td(yarl(ndzq(~lmzhdk+dz~+25

^mm Gmzmhq bm Jmmz % Nlza~rcplmz B+ Nfmhhmz& Ifcjdf Rzmkb~ ak Ckfakm Ncpqzailr Mkecznmhmkr7 D Kck(Km}rzdf Zcfm ecz Kmryczo Akrmzhmbadzam~3& 21 G}zahmrzan~ G+ >9=& ><1 ,:001!+29 Pdrzano Udk Mmnom % Hddzrmk Rz}qmk~& Zmnmkr Mumkr~ ak M] Akrmzkmr Fdy& 4: Kc+ 2 G+ Akrmzkmr F+ :<& :1 ,Cnr+:00<!+2< Ab+ Fca LDBCPA a~ d ~lczrmkmb dnzckqh ecz rlm dimknq& okcyk d~ rlm Ld}rm D}rczará pc}z fd Baee}~ack bm~

Cm}uzm~ mr fd Pzcrmnrack bm~ bzcar~ ~}z Akrmzkmr cz rlm Lail D}rlczarq ecz Ba~~mhakdrack ce Yczo~ dkb Pzcrmnrack ce Zailr~ Ck rlm Akrmzkmr+ Ab+ 21 Ab+=0 Ab+




1

~}jpcmkd a~~}mb didak~r rlmh+=4 Rlm jaff yd~ eamznmfq nzaranawmb jq narawmk‑~ dbucndnq izc}p~

~}nl d~ ]EN T}m Nlca~az dkb Fd T}dbzdr}zm B} Kmr & ylc dzi}mb ‖_rXla~ rm|r a~ nckrzdzq rc

M}zcpmdk fdy& ylmrlmz ak rlm eamfb ce l}hdk zailr~ cz ezmm nchpmrarack+ Ar bmkam~ rlm ~cnadf&

mnckchandf dkb rmnlkandf zmdfaram~ dkb bmhck~rzdrm~ d ~mzac}~ fdno ce zmefmnrack ncknmzkaki

baiardf rmnlkcfciq dkb zmfdrmb a~~}m~+*=: Cppc~arack kcryarl~rdkbaki& rlm jaff ymkr ck rc pd~~ rlm

Ezmknl pdzfadhmkr dkb jmnchm fdy ak :001&=> dermz rlm dbbarackdf pzcrmnrack ce g}banadf zmuamy

pzacz rc dnnc}kr ~}~pmk~ack yd~ dbcprmb ak zm~pck~m rc d z}faki jq rlm Ezmknl nck~rar}rackdf

nc}zr rldr rlm czaiakdf fdy yd~ akudfab+=2

Ezdknm yd~ kcr rlm ckfq pfdnm ylmzm nckrmkr cykmz~ ymzm pzm~~aki ecz rlm dbcprack ce

izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh~+ Ak fdrm :00<& rlm ]karmb Oakibch rmfmnch zmi}fdrcz ,CENCH!&

yczoaki dr rlm jmlm~r ce rlm ]O icumzkhmkr& ndhm rc dk dizmmhmkr yarl ~a| ce rlm fdzim~r A^P~

rc ahpfmhmkr ~}nl d ~q~rmh+== Rlm ]O pfdk& lcymumz& bab kcr ic d~ edz d~ rlm Ezmknl ak p}~laki

ecz rlm ~}~pmk~ack ce akrmzkmr ~mzuanm dkb zm~czrmb rc ~dknrack~ ~}nl d~ ~pmmb rlzcrrfaki dkb

nckrmkr eafrmzaki ak zm~pck~m rc dffmidrack~ ce akezakimhmkr+=5

Fdrmz& ak Emjz}dzq :001& Aza~l jzcdbjdkb pzcuabmz Maznch dizmmb d~ pdzr ce d ~mrrfmhmkr

dizmmhmkr yarl nckrmkr cykmz~ rc ahpfmhmkr d izdb}df zm~pck~m ~q~rmh dkb ba~nckkmnr Akrmzkmr

=4

Ab+ =: Nlza~rcplm M~pmzk& M|nf}~aum7 Rlm Fdrm~r ‖Efm|ajfm Zm~pck~m‘ Ezmknl Fdy Bzder & Hdq 5& :00<& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+fdt}dbzdr}zm+kmr#mk#m|nf}~aum(rlm(fdrm~r(efm|ajfm(zm~pck~m(ezmknl(fdy(bzder=> Mzan Pedkkmz& Ezdknm Dppzcum~ Yabm Nzdnobcyk ck Kmr Pazdnq& K+Q+ Rahm~& Cnr+ ::& :001& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+kqrahm~+nch#:001#40#:>#rmnlkcfciq#:>kmr+lrhf=2 Kdrm Dkbmz~ck& Ezmknl Nc}zr ^dudim~ ‖Rlzmm(^rzaom~‘ Fdy& Rlzcy~ Ar C}r & G}km 40& :001& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##dz~rmnlkand+nch#rmnl(pcfanq#kmy~#:001#05#ezmknl(nc}zr(~dudim~(>(~rzaom~(fdy(rc~~m~(ar(c}r+dz~+== Udk Mmnom& ~}pzd kcrm 29 dr >0? bm Jmmz& ~}pzd kcrm 25 dr ><1+=5 Ab+




40

}~mz~ dnn}~mb ce akezakimhmkr dermz rlzmm ceemk~m~+=9 Azmfdkb‑~ ~q~rmh a~ kcrdjfm d~ rlm ckfq

~q~rmh ahpfmhmkrmb akrmzkdrackdffq c}r~abm ce fmia~fdraum dnrack+

Crlmz nc}krzam~ ak M}zcpm zmgmnrmb ~}nl hmd~}zm~+ Rlm ^mnzmrdzq ce G}~ranm ecz Imzhdkq

~rdrmb rldr d izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh yd~ kcr ‖d earraki hcbmf ecz Imzhdkq cz mumk M}zcpm+‘=<

Bmkhdzo =1 dkb ^pdak50 df~c zmgmnrmb d izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh+ Lcymumz& rlm m|dhpfm yd~

~pzmdbaki mf~mylmzm yczfbyabm& dkb ak Dpzaf :001& ^c}rl Oczmd pd~~mb ar~ cyk umz~ack ce rlm

izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh+54

^rzanrmz rldk rlm Ezmknl ~q~rmh& }~mz dnnc}kr~ ak ^c}rl Oczmd dzm

~}~pmkbmb dermz rlm eaz~r dnn}~drack+5: Rdaydk ld~ df~c ecffcymb ~}ar+5>

Ak Dpzaf :040& rlm ]O ~aikmb rlm Baiardf Mnckchq Dnr akrc fdy+

52

Rlm Dnr ahpfmhmkrmb

h}nl ce yldr ldb pzmuac}~fq jmmk d ucf}krdzq ~q~rmh dkb ~pmnaeandffq iaum~ CENCH rlm

d}rlczarq rc pzch}fidrm z}fm~ ecz ~}~pmkbaki ~mzuanm rc d ~}j~nzajmz ylc zmpmdrmbfq akezakim~

ncpqzailr+5= Kmy Wmdfdkb ecffcymb rlm ]+O+ ak Dpzaf :044& pd~~aki rlm Ncpqzailr ,Akezakiaki

Eafm ^ldzaki! Dhmkbhmkr Dnr :044+55 P}zpczrmbfq& D}~rzdfad& Jzdwaf& Lcki Ocki dkb Gdpdk dzm

=9 Pdrzano Udk Mmnom % Hddzrmk Rz}qmk~& Zmnmkr Mumkr~ ak M] Akrmzkmr Fdy& 4: Kc+ 1 G+ Akrmzkmr F+ :5& :5(:9 ,Hdz+:001!+=< Ab+ =1 Ab+ 50 Lcymff Ffmymffqk& “Rlzmm(^rzaom~) Cee Dkra(Pazdnq Dimkbd Ak ^pdak& Jaffjcdzb+jaw& G}km ::& :001& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+jaffjcdzb+jaw#jjjaw#nckrmkrS ba~pfdq#akb}~rzq#m>a<094m0b1n:=nj5j<95b>994ej9m>b40:54 AEPA& AEPA Baiardf H}~an Zmpczr :044 4<& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##yyy+aepa+czi#nckrmkr#fajzdzq#BHZ:044+pbe 5:

Ab+ 5> AEPA& AEPA Baiardf H}~an Zmpczr :040 :2& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##yyy+aepa+czi#nckrmkr#fajzdzq#bhz:040+pbe 52 Baiardf Mnckchq Dnr ce :040& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##yyy+fmia~fdrack+icu+}o#}opid#:040#:2#nckrmkr~5= Ab + dr © 1+ Rlm Dnr ld~ qmr rc jm ahpfmhmkrmb dkb zmnmkr kmy~ zmpczr~ aff}~rzdrm rlm nchpfm|aram~ ak nzmdraki dizdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh ak rlm ]+O+ ^mm Jmk Yccb~& CENCH7 Baiardf Mnckchq Dnr ^raff Kmmb~ Nfdzarq& Cnr+ :0&:044& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##yyy+wbkmr+nc+}o#kmy~#zmi}fdrack#:044#40#:0#cench(baiardf(mnckchq(dnr(~raff(kmmb~(nfdzarq(20012:22#+55 Ncpqzailr ,Akezakiaki Eafm ^ldzaki! Dhmkbhmkr Dnr :044& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+fmia~fdrack+icur+kw#dnr#p}jfan#:044#0044#fdrm~r#BFH:952>4:+lrhf




44

df~c ydrnlaki dkb hckarczaki crlmz nc}krzam~ rc ~mm rlm ~}nnm~~ ce rlm~m hmd~}zm~ yarl dk mqm

rcydzb ahpfmhmkraki rlmh ak rlm e}r}zm+59

Rc bdrm& nckrmkr cykmz~ nckrak}m rc pzm~~ ecz nc}krzam~ rlzc}ilc}r rlm yczfb rc dbcpr

izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh~ akrc fdy+ Ecz d ~lczr pmzacb ce rahm& izdb}drmb zm~pck~m yd~ d

nchpckmkr ce rlm Dkra(Nc}krmzemaraki Rzdbm Dizmmhmkr+5< Rla~ dbbarack& lcymumz& pzcumb rc jm

nckrmkrac}~ dkb rlm mkecznmdjfm pzcua~ack~ zmidzbaki izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ymzm m|na~mb ezch rlm

eakdf rzmdrq+51

Hc~r zmnmkrfq pzm~~}zm a~ jmaki ~}ppfamb ak D}~rzdfad jq nckrmkr cykmz~ rc

ahpfmhmkr d izdb}drmb zm~pck~m fdy rlmzm+90 Rla~ a~ mumk ak failr ce d Hdq :044 zmpczr jq rlm

L}hdk Zailr~ Nc}knaf ce rlm ]karmb Kdrack~& ylanl nfdah~ rldr izdb}drmb zm~pck~m a~ d

uacfdrack ce rlm Akrmzkdrackdf Ncumkdkr ck Nauaf dkb Pcfarandf Zailr~+94

Kc crlmz nc}krzam~ dppmdz dr rla~ rahm rc jm nck~abmzaki fmia~fdrack+ D~ ~}nl& e}zrlmz

ahpfmhmkrdrack rlzc}ilc}r rlm yczfb ce izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh~ yaff faomfq nchm ezch

pzaudrm dizmmhmkr~ jmrymmk A^P~ dkb nckrmkr cykmz~+

N+ Rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh

Yarl kc izdb}drmb zm~pck~m fmia~fdrack ak rlm ]karmb ^rdrm~ lduaki jmmk pzcpc~mb&

nckrmkr cykmz~ r}zkmb rc kmicradrm pzaudrmfq yarl bchm~ran A^P~+9:

Dermz ~mumzdf qmdz~ ce

kmicradrack& udzac}~ A^P~ dkb nckrmkr cykmz~ dkkc}knmb rlm nzmdrack ce rlm ]karmb ^rdrm~

59 AEPA& ~}pzd kcrm 54 dr :=+ AEPA df~c hdakrdak~ Imzhdkq a~ nck~abmzaki dbcprack ce d izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh&nckrzdzq rc rlm ~rdrmhmkr~ ce rlmaz p}jfan ceeanadf~+ Ab+? ~}pzd kcrm~ =9(=1 dkb dnnchpdkqaki rm|r+5< ^mm Dkkmhdzam Jzabq& DNRD dkb rlm ^pmnrmz ce Izdb}drmb Zm~pck~m& :5 Dh+ ]+ Akr)f F+ Zmu+ ==1 ,:044!+51

Ab+ dr =5<(51+ Mumk m|na~mb lcymumz& rlm eakdf bzder nckrdakmb fdki}dim mknc}zdiaki nccpmzdrack dhcki A^P~ dkbncpqzailr cykmz~+ Ab+ dr =51(94+90 D~lmz Hc~m~& H}~an dkb Eafh Akb}~rzam~ ^pfar Cumz Pazdrm~& ^qbkmq Hczkaki Lmzdfb& G}km 5& :044& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+~hl+nch+d}#rmnlkcfciq#rmnlkcfciq(kmy~#h}~an(dkb(eafh(akb}~rzam~(~pfar(cumz(pazdrm~(:0440505(4ec<t+lrhf94 Ezdko Fd Z}m& ]karmb Kdrack~& L}hdk Zailr~ Nc}knaf& Zmpczr ce rlm ^pmnadf Zdppczrm}z ck rlm Pzchcrack dkbPzcrmnrack ce rlm Zailr rc Ezmmbch ce Cpakack dkb M|pzm~~ack :4& Hdq 45& :044& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy:+clnlz+czi#mkifa~l#jcbam~#lznc}knaf#bcn~#49~m~~ack#D+LZN+49+:9Smk+pbe 9: ^mm ~}pzd kcrm~ 2>(2= dkb dnnchpdkqaki rm|r+




4:

izdb}drmb zm~pck~m ~q~rmh+9> Zmpczrmbfq& rlm Cjdhd Dbhaka~rzdrack yd~ dnraumfq akucfumb

jmlakb rlm ~nmkm~ ak rlm kmicradrack~ dkb a~ lailfq ~}ppczraum ce rlm dkkc}knmb dizmmhmkr+92

Ak rlmaz Hmhczdkb}h ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki& rlm pdzram~ dizmmb rc d nchpzmlmk~aum izdb}drmb

zm~pck~m ~q~rmh& aknf}baki rlm nzmdrack ce d pzaudrm icumzkaki jcbq& bmumfcpaki rmnlkandf

hmd~}zm~ rc abmkraeq ckfakm akezakimhmkr dkb dnr ck ar& nzmdraki d nchpzmlmk~aum ezdhmyczo ecz

akeczhaki dkb p}ka~laki nck~}hmz~ dnn}~mb ce ncpqzailr akezakimhmkr& dkb pzcuabaki rlc~m

dnn}~mb yarl d eczh ce b}m pzcnm~~+

4+ Nzmdrack ce rlm Nmkrmz ecz Ncpqzailr Akeczhdrack

Rlm Hmhczdkb}h ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki ,‖Hmhczdkb}h‘! jmrymmk A^P~ dkb nckrmkr cykmz~

yd~ eakdfawmb ecz ~aikdr}zm jq rlm pdzram~ ck G}fq 5& :044+9= Rlm Zmnczbaki Akb}~rzq D~~cnadrack

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icumzkhmkrdf dimknq& ylanl pzm~nzajm~ z}fm~ ecz rlm zmi}fdrack dkb zm~rzdakr ce akrmz~rdrm

nchhmznm& dkb pzcuabm~ m|rzd(g}banadf rzaj}kdf~ ecz bmrmzhakdrack dkb p}ka~lhmkr ce uacfdrack~&

dkb rl}~ “rzmknlm~ }pck rlm pcymz ce rlm kdrackdf fmia~fdr}zm dkb uacfdrm~ rlm _dkrarz}~r

422

M+ ^rdrm~ Zmrdaf F}hjmz Bmdfmz~) D~~)k u+ ]karmb ^rdrm~& :>2 ]+^+ 500& 505 ,4142!+42= Ab+ dr 544+425 Ab+ 429 Ab+ dr 542+42< Ed~lack Czaiakdrcz~‑ I}afb ce Dhmzand u+ E+R+N+& >4: ]+^+ 2=9& 254 ,4124!+421 Ab+ 4=0 Ab+ dr 254(5:+4=4 Ab+ dr 25:+4=: Ab+ dr 25>+




:5

fdy~+X‑‘4=> Cjgmnraki rc rla~ ~maw}zm ce icumzkhmkr(faom d}rlczarq jq pzaudrm akb}~rzq& rlm Nc}zr

ec}kb rla~ dizmmhmkr nck~rar}rmb d pmz ~m uacfdrack ce rlm dkrarz}~r fdy~+4=2

Ec}z qmdz~ fdrmz rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr zmdeeazhmb rla~ z}faki+ Rlm akbauab}df kmy~pdpmz

hmhjmz~ ce rlm D~~cnadrmb Pzm~~ ymzm zmt}azmb jq rlm jq(fdy~ ce rlmaz dizmmhmkr rc zme}~m rc

~mff kmy~ rc kck(hmhjmz~ dkb dffcymb n}zzmkr hmhjmz~ rc jfcno pcrmkradf kmy hmhjmz~ rc rlm

izc}p+4== Rlm ]karmb ^rdrm~ ~}mb& dzi}aki rldr rlm jq(fdy~ zmpzm~mkrmb dk affmidf zm~rzdakr ce

rzdbm+4=5

Ba~n}~~aki rlm jq(fdy pzcua~ack~ ak mfdjczdrm bmrdaf& rlm Nc}zr kcrmb rldr rlmq ‖ramb rlm

ldkb~ ce dff ce ar~ k}hmzc}~ p}jfa~lmz~& rc rlm m|rmkr rldr rlmq nc}fb kcr dkb bab kcr ~mff dkq pdzr

ce rlmaz kmy~ ~c rldr ar nc}fb zmdnl dkq ce rlmaz kck(hmhjmz nchpmrarcz~+‘

4=9

Naraki Ed~lack

Czaiakdrcz~‑ I}afb & rlm Nc}zr df~c lmfb rlm jq(fdy~ df~c ‖rzmknlm~ }pck rlm pcymz ce rlm kdrackdf

fmia~fdr}zm‘ dkb ec}kb d pmz ~m uacfdrack ce rlm ^lmzhdk Dnr+4=<

:+ Rlm ^laer ezch Pmz ^m Fadjafarq rc Z}fm ce Zmd~ck

Faom crlmz eczh~ ce dkrarz}~r& rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr ld~ ~cermkmb ar~ pmz ~m dppzcdnl rc izc}p

jcqncrr~ ~aknm rlm habbfm ce rlm fd~r nmkr}zq+ Ecz m|dhpfm& ak 419<& d pzcem~~ackdf d~~cnadrack‑~

ndkck ce mrlan~ pzclajarmb ar~ hmhjmz~ ezch pdzranapdraki ak nchpmraraum jabbaki& ylanl yd~

meemnraumfq d rqpm ce izc}p jcqncrr+4=1

Dermz jmaki ~}mb jq rlm ]karmb ^rdrm~& rlm d~~cnadrack

hdbm rlm nfdah rldr rlm za~o ce nchpmrarack jmrymmk jab~ hdq pzcb}nm akemzacz mkiakmmzaki yczo

dkb mkbdkimz p}jfan ~demrq+450 Dppfqaki rlm Z}fm ce Zmd~ck b}m rc rlm }kat}m g}~raeandrack

4=> Ab+ dr 259+4=2 Ab+ dr 25<+4== D~~cnadrmb Pzm~~ u+ ]+^+& >:5 ]+^+ 4& 2 ,412=!+4=5 Ab+ 4=9 Ab+ dr 4>+4=< Ab+ dr 41+4=1 Kdr)f ^cn+ ce Pzce)f Mkiakmmz~ u+ ]+ ^+& 2>= ]+^+ 591& 591 ,419<!+450 Ab+




:9

ceemzmb& rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr lmfb rldr dk mnckchan zm~rzdakr ce rzdbm ndkkcr jm g}~raeamb jq kck(

mnckchan g}~raeandrack~ ~}nl d~ lmdfrl cz ~demrq+454

Fm~~ rldk d bmndbm fdrmz& rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr zmr}zkmb rc dkdfqwm dkcrlmz jcqncrr nd~m+

Kczrlym~r Ylcfm~dfm ^rdrackmz~ yd~ d p}znld~aki nccpmzdraum ce zmrdaf ceeanm ~}ppfq ~rczm~+45:

âhafdz rc D~~cnadrmb Pzm~~& rlm nccpmzdraum ldb jq(fdy~ ylanl zm~rzanrmb ar~ hmhjmz~ ezch

nmzrdak eczh~ ce nchpmrarack+45> Ckm hmhjmz& Pdnaean ^rdrackdzq dkb Pzakraki Nc+& yd~ dnn}~mb

ce uacfdraki rlm jq(fdy~ dkb yd~ m|pmffmb ezch hmhjmz~lap yarlc}r b}m pzcnm~~+452

Pdnaean

jzc}ilr d pzaudrm nd}~m ce dnrack didak~r Kczrlym~r& dkb yck ak rlm fcymz nc}zr~ ck rlm jd~a~ rldr

ar ldb jmmk bmkamb pzcnmb}zdf ~demi}dzb~ ak ar~ rmzhakdrack dkb rl}~ yd~ mkrarfmb rc d pmz ~m

eakbaki ce dkranchpmraraum nckb}nr+45=

Rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr zmgmnrmb rlm pmz ~m dkdfq~a~& ~}jgmnraki rlm nd~m ak~rmdb rc rlm Z}fm ce

Zmd~ck+455 Kcraki rldr ~mfe(zmi}fdrack yd~ ~chmrahm~ dk m~~mkradf pcfanq ecz j}~akm~~& rlm nc}zr

kcrmb rldr pzcnmb}zdf ~demi}dzb~ ymzm ckfq ahpczrdkr ylmk Nckizm~~ ldb ‖~dknrackmb dkb

pzcrmnrmb ~mfe(zmi}fdraum dnrauarq+‘459 Nck~mt}mkrfq& rlm Nc}zr bmrmzhakmb rldr Pdnaean ldb kcr

dffmimb kcz pzcumb rldr Kczrlym~r ldb hdzomr pcymz& ylanl yd~ d pzmzmt}a~arm rc d eakbaki ce

dkrarz}~r fadjafarq }kbmz rlm Z}fm ce Zmd~ck+45<

Rlm fd~r hdgcz jcqncrr nd~m rc jm lmdzb jq rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr yd~ bmnabmb g}~r d qmdz

fdrmz+ Akbadkd bmkra~r~ ldb rmdhmb rcimrlmz }~aki rlmaz pzcem~~ackdf czidkawdrack dkb zme}~mb rc

~}jhar bmkrdf |(zdq~ ezch pdramkr~ rc ak~}zmz~ ck rlm jd~a~ rldr cumz~ailr jq rlm ak~}zmz~

454 Ab+ dr 51=(15+45: Kczrlym~r Ylcfm~dfm ^rdrackmz~& Akn+ u+ Pdnaean ^rdrackdzq dkb Pzakraki Nc+& 29: ]+^+ :<2& :<5 ,41<=!+45> Ab+ dr :<9+452 Ab+ 45= Ab+ dr :<<(<1+455 Ab+ dr :<1+459 Ab+ dr :1: ,t}craki âfumz u+ Kmy Qczo ^rcno M|nldkim& >9> ]+^+ >24& >52 ,415>!!+45< Ab+ dr :1<+




:<

rlzmdrmkmb rlm bmkra~r~‑ pzcem~~ackdf akbmpmkbmknm+451 Rlm Embmzdf Rzdbm Nchha~~ack jzc}ilr

dk mkecznmhmkr dnrack& dffmiaki rla~ pzdnranm yd~ dk }kedaz hmrlcb ce nchpmrarack+490

]pck

zmuamy& rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr kcrmb rldr rlm zme}~df rc pzcuabm rlm |(zdq~ yd~ ~ahafdz rc d izc}p

jcqncrr& ylanl ar ldb ak rlm pd~r nck~abmzmb d pmz ~m uacfdrack ce rlm dkrarz}~r fdy~+494 Rlm Nc}zr

bmnfakmb& lcymumz& rc eakb d pmz ~m uacfdrack ecz rla~ ~mfe(zmi}fdraum nckb}nr dkb dkdfqwmb ar

}kbmz rlm Z}fm ce Zmd~ck+49:

Zm~pckbaki rc rlm dzi}hmkr jq rlm bmkra~r~ rldr ~}ppfqaki |(zdq~ rc ak~}zmz~ uacfdrmb rlm

fdy ce rlm ^rdrm ce Akbadkd& rlm Nc}zr lmfb ‖_rXldr d pdzran}fdz pzdnranm hdq jm }kfdye}f a~ kcr& ak

ar~mfe& d ~}eeanamkr g}~raeandrack ecz ncff}~ack dhcki nchpmrarcz~ rc pzmumkr ar+ Dkranchpmraraum

ncff}~ack dhcki pzaudrm dnrcz~& mumk ylmk ar~ icdf a~ nck~a~rmkr yarl ~rdrm pcfanq& dnt}azm~

dkrarz}~r ahh}karq ckfq ylmk ar a~ dnraumfq ~}pmzua~mb jq rlm ^rdrm+‘49>

Ylafm cumz rlm qmdz~ rlm ^}pzmhm Nc}zr ld~ ~cermkmb ar~ dppzcdnl rcydzb ~mfe(lmfp ak rlm

eczh ce d ncknmzrmb zme}~df rc bmdf cz izc}p jcqncrr ezch d pmz ~m uacfdrack rc nckb}nr m|dhakmb

}kbmz rlm Z}fm ce Zmd~ck& rlmzm a~ farrfm bc}jr rldr rlm bcnrzakm zmhdak~ dnraum+492 Ylafm

nchhmkrdrcz~ ldum kcrmb rlm jmkmear~ ce pzaudrm zmi}fdrack&49= rlm nd~m fdy hdom~ nfmdz rldr jcrl

edaz pzcnmb}zm~ dkb icumzkhmkr ~}pmzua~ack dzm m~~mkradf rc d eakbaki ce nchpfadknm yarl rlm

451 E+R+N+ u+ Akbadkd Embmzdrack ce Bmkra~r~& 295 ]+^+ 229& 221 ,41<5!+490 Ab+ dr 2=4+494 Ab+ dr 2=<+49: Ab+ dr 2=1+49> Ab+ dr 25= ,akrmzkdf nardrack~ charrmb!+492

Lqfrck& ~}pzd kcrm 409 dr 455(<=+ ^mm df~c ERN ^rdee& Kc Pzm~mkr Akrmkrack ce Nldffmkiaki Nc}knaf ce Jmrrmz J}~akm~~ J}zmd}~) Dnnc}krdjafarq Pzcizdh ecz Ckfakm Jmlduaczdf Dbumzra~aki d~ Dkranchpmraraum&D}i+ 4=& :044&dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##yyy+ern+icu#cpd#:044#0<#njjj+~lrh ,bmhck~rzdraki rlm ERN‑~ nckrak}aki akrmzm~r ak rlmdkranchpmraraum meemnr~ ce akb}~rzq ~mfe(zmi}fdrack!+ J}r ~mm N+ Pd}f Zcimz~ AAA& Nck~}hmz Ymfedzm dkb Izc}p

Jcqncrr Fdy& 5: ^H] F+ Zmu+ 55=& 555 ,:001! ,dzi}aki rldr d ‖iccb bmdf ce jcqncrr pzmnmbmkr a~ meemnraumfqcumzz}fmb+‘! Kckmrlmfm~~& Zcimz~ hdom~ rlm pcakr rldr nck~}hmz ymfedzm zmhdak~ rlm hdak ncknmzk ce rlm nc}zr~ akbmrmzhakaki dkrarz}~r fadjafarq& ylanl a~ pzmna~mfq yldr a~ dr a~~}m yarl rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh+ Ab +49= Zcjmzr Parce~oq& ^mfe Zmi}fdrack dkb Dkrarz}~r& Emj+ 4<& 411<& dudafdjfm dryyy+ern+icu#~pmmnlm~#parce~oq#~mfe2+~lrh




:1

^lmzhdk Dnr ecz mkraram~ rldr gcak rcimrlmz ak izc}p~ dkb rzq rc ahpc~m ~chm ~czr ce ba~napfakm ck

crlmz hdzomr pdzranapdkr~ uad d ncczbakdrmb jcqncrr+495

AAA+ Dppfandrack ce Dkrarz}~r Fdy rc rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh

D~ ba~n}~~mb pzmuac}~fq& dkrarz}~r fdy ncknmzk~ ar~mfe yarl dizmmhmkr~ jmrymmk

nchpmrarcz~ ylanl ~mmo rc zm~rzanr rlm akbauab}df~ ylc hdq zmnmaum ~mzuanm ezch rlm ndzrmf+

Ylafm rla~ jmlduacz ld~ ak rlm pd~r jmmk ec}kb rc jm d pmz ~m uacfdrack ce rlm fdy& hczm zmnmkrfq

rlm jmlduacz ld~ jmmk dkdfqwmb ck rlm jd~a~ ce zmd~ckdjfmkm~~+ Ak rla~ ~mnrack& rlm Ncpqzailr

Dfmzr ^q~rmh yaff jm dkdfqwmb }kbmz rlm Z}fm ce Zmd~ck& rlm zmd~ckdjfmkm~~ ~rdkbdzb ecz

dkrarz}~r fdy+ Eaz~r& rlm zm~rzdakr~ ahpc~mb jq rlm Hmhczdkb}h ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki yaff jm

dkdfqwmb yarl zmidzb rc rlm zmfdrack~lap ce rlm pdzram~ rc mdnl crlmz dkb rlm ~}j~rdknm ce rlmaz

dizmmhmkr+ Km|r& rlm hdzomr pcymz ce rlm pdzram~ yaff jm m|pfczmb& aknf}baki jcrl rlm pzcb}nr

dkb imcizdplan hdzomr~+ Rlmk& rlm pcrmkradffq dkranchpmraraum meemnr~ ce rlm dizmmhmkr rc

nck~}hmz ymfedzm dkb icumzkdknm ce rlm pdzram~ yaff jm m|dhakmb+ Eakdffq& rlm faomfq pzc(

nchpmraraum g}~raeandrack~& aknf}baki rlm mnckchan~ nc~r~ ce ncpqzailr akezakimhmkr& kmryczo

hdkdimhmkr& rlm pcrmkradf jmkmear rc nck~}hmz~& dkb rlm pc~~ajfm ~dknrack ce rlm ~q~rmh jq rlm

BHND& yaff jm ba~n}~~mb dkb nzarat}mb+

D+ Yldr A~ rlm Zm~rzdakr dr A~~}m3

4+ Lczawckrdf& Umzrandf cz Lqjzab Dizmmhmkr

Rlm eaz~r ~rmp ak rlm Z}fm ce Zmd~ck dkdfq~a~ pmzeczhmb lmzm yaff jm rc dkdfqwm rlm

zm~rzdakr ce rzdbm rldr rlm pdzram~ ldum dizmmb rc ahpfmhmkr+ Pzacz rc bcaki rldr& lcymumz& ar a~

ahpczrdkr rc nldzdnrmzawm rlm dizmmhmkr pzcpmzfq+ Jmnd}~m rlm Hmhczdkb}h ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki

jzaki~ rcimrlmz jcrl nckrmkr cykmz~ dkb A^P~ ak dk dizmmhmkr& ar ndk jm rlc}ilr ce d~ jcrl d

495 Ab+ ^mm df~c Kczrlym~r Ylcfm~dfm ^rdrackmz~& Akn+ u+ Pdnaean ^rdrackdzq dkb Pzakraki Nc+& 29: ]+^+ :<2& :1:,41<=!? E+R+N+ u+ Akbadkd Embmzdrack ce Bmkra~r~& 295 ]+^+ 229& 221 ,41<5!+




>0

umzrandf dizmmhmkr jmrymmk rlm nckrmkr cykmz~ dkb mdnl akbauab}df A^P& d~ ymff d~ d lczawckrdf

dizmmhmkr jmrymmk rlm nckrmkr~ cykmz~ yarl mdnl crlmz dkb rlm A^P~ yarl mdnl crlmz+

Ecz m|dhpfm& rlm Hmhczdkb}h ~pmnaeandffq nckrdak~ pzcua~ack~ ylanl fahar rlm djafarq ce

rlm nckrmkr cykmz~ rc ~}jhar Ncpqzailr Dfmzr~ rc A^P~ yarlc}r m|pzm~~ ncff}~ack dhcki mdnl

crlmz+ Rla~ a~ ~pmnaeandffq d lczawckrdf dzzdkimhmkr jmrymmk nchpmrarcz~ dr rlm ~dhm fmumf ce rlm

ba~rzaj}rack nldak+ A^P~& ck rlm crlmz ldkb& ~mmh rc ldum emy zm~pck~ajafaram~ rc ncczbakdrm yarl

crlmz A^P~+ Ckfq rlm imkmzdf zmt}azmhmkr~ ce yldr rlm Dfmzr ^q~rmh hdkbdrm~ ce rlm A^P~ dzm

banrdrmb? rlm ~pmnaean rmnlkandf hmnldka~h ecz bcaki ~c a~ fmer rc rlm akbauab}df nchpdkam~+ Ck

rlm crlmz ldkb& A^P~ dzm e}ffq eaerq pmznmkr ce rlm nckrzcf ce rlm icumzkaki jcbq ce rlm ncdfarack&

dkb rlmzmeczm ldum d izmdr bmdf ce nckrzcf cumz rlm pzcnm~~ ar~mfe dkb rlm nckb}nr ce crlmz A^P~+

Rl}~& ar dppmdz~ rldr rlm dzzdkimhmkr a~ hc~r ~ahafdz rc d umzrandf dizmmhmkr jmrymmk nckrmkr

cykmz~ dkb mdnl akbauab}df A^P& dfrlc}il ar zmrdak~ ~chm ~aikaeandkr lczawckrdf d~pmnr~ jmrymmk

mdnl ce rlm A^P~+ Rla~ ba~raknrack a~ ahpczrdkr jmnd}~m umzrandf dizmmhmkr~ dzm imkmzdffq ~}jgmnr

rc fm~~ ~rzakimkr dkrarz}~r cumz~ailr rldk lczawckrdf ckm~+

Ak rlm ~}j~rdknm ce rlm dizmmhmkr& rlmzm dzm m|pzm~~ zm~rzanrack~ jmrymmk udzac}~ nckrmkr

cykmz~ ck lcy hdkq kcranm~ mdnl a~ mkrarfmb rc ~mkb& ~}nl rldr rlmq h}~r nck~}fr yarl mdnl crlmz

rc ~mr “t}crd~‑+499 Nmzrdak ce rlm nckrmkr cykmz ~aikdrczam~ rc rlm dizmmhmkr dzm kcr pmzharrmb rc

~mkb dkq ncpqzailr kcranm~+49< Jcrl rlm nckrmkr cykmz~ dkb A^P~ gcakrfq icumzk rlm pzcizdh‑~

bdq(rc(bdq dnrauaram~+ A^P~ dzm zmt}azmb rc ldum rlmaz n}~rchmz~ dbcpr d }kaeczh ~mr ce nckbarack~

}kbmz rlm A^P~ Dnnmprdjfm ]~m Pcfanam~ dkb Rmzh~ ce ^mzuanm+ Rlmzm dzm df~c hdkbdrczq

akeczhdrack ~ldzaki pzcua~ack~ ylanl ~mzum rc mkdjfm rc pdzram~ rc pcfanm mdnl crlmz ecz

499 Hmh+ ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki& ~}pzd kcrm 9= dr 45 ©=,N!+49< Hmh+ ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki& ~}pzd kcrm 9= dr 45 ©5,D!+




>4

nchpfadknm yarl rlm dizmmhmkr491 „ omq pzcua~ack~ iaumk rlm aknmkraum~ kczhdffq ednmb jq ndzrmf

hmhjmz~ rc bmemnr ezch dk dizmmhmkr rc idak nchpmraraum dbudkrdim+

:+ Ncknmzrmb Zme}~df rc Bmdf#Izc}p Jcqncrr

D~ dff}bmb rc pzmuac}~fq& rlm zm~rzdakr dizmmb rc jq rlm pdzram~ hc~r zm~mhjfm~ d ncknmzrmb

zme}~df rc bmdf cz izc}p jcqncrr+ Lcymumz& ar baeemz~ ezch hdkq izc}p jcqncrr~ ak ckm ~aikaeandkr

ydq+ Ylmzmd~ ak rlm pd~r& izc}p jcqncrr~ ecn}~mb ck nchpmrarcz~ rmdhaki }p rc jcqncrr crlmz

akb}~rzq pdzranapdkr~& rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh pzm~nzajm~ d ~mzam~ ce dnrack~ rldr A^P~ h}~r

rdom didak~r rlmaz eakdf n}~rchmz~& ylanl zmpzm~mkr d jzcdb nfd~~ ce Dhmzandk nck~}hmz~+4<0

^rdzraki yarl rlm Akaradf Mb}ndrack ^rmp& A^P~ dzm zmt}azmb rc ~mkb d ydzkaki rc rlmaz

n}~rchmz~+ Km|r& rlm Dnokcyfmbimhmkr ^rmp zmt}azm~ rldr A P~ ahpfmhmkr d ~q~rmh rldr yaff

dnr}dffq baumzr rlmaz n}~rchmz~ ezch Akrmzkmr jzcy~aki& marlmz rlzc}il d jzcy~mz pcp(}p cz

rlzc}il zmbazmnraki rlmaz n}~rchmz~ rc d ~pfd~l pdim yarlc}r rlm m|pfanar pmzha~~ack ce rlmaz

n}~rchmz~ rc bc ~c crlmz rldk rlmaz imkmzdf dizmmhmkr rc rlm A^P‑~ Rmzh~ ce ^mzuanm+

Dr rlm Haraidrack Hmd~}zm~ ~rmp& kcr ckfq a~ d n}~rchmz ~}jgmnrmb rc d jzcy~mz zmbazmnr&

j}r rlmq dzm rlmk ~}jgmnrmb rc d udzamrq ce hmd~}zm~& aknf}baki pc~~ajfq d rmhpczdzq ~rmp(bcyk ak

~mzuanm „ meemnraumfq d zm~rzanrack ck c}rp}r ecz rlm ~mzuanm rlmq dzm pdqaki ecz+4<4

Ae rlm n}~rchmz

cjgmnr~ rc rla~ rzmdrhmkr jq rlmaz A^P& rlmq h}~r m|pmkb ">= rc akaradrm d nldffmkim didak~r rlm

dnn}~drack ce akezakimhmkr rlzc}il akucoaki rlm ‖b}m pzcnm~~‘ pzcua~ack~ ce rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr

^q~rmh+ 4<: Rlm b}m pzcnm~~ pzcnmmbaki~ dzm ceeanadrmb cumz jq d kckicumzkhmkrdf jcbq „ dk

Dbhaka~rmzaki Czidkawdrack rldr a~ ~mfmnrmb jq rlm NNA M|mn}raum Nchharrmm+ B}zaki rlm b}m

pzcnm~~ pzcnmmbaki~ „ jmeczm dk m|rzdg}banadf rzaj}kdf „ rlm n}~rchmz h}~r pzcum rlmq dzm

491 Hmh+ ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki& ~}pzd kcrm 9= dr ©© 2,J!& 2,A!& 1+4<0 ^mm Pdzr A+N+> ~}pzd+4<4 ^mm Pdzr A+N+> ~}pzd+4<: ^mm Pdzr A+N+2 ~}pzd+




>:

akkcnmkr ce akezakimhmkr& jmnd}~m rlm nckrmkr cykmz‑~ hmrlcb~ ce abmkraeqaki akezakiaki nckrmkr

dkb rlm zmfdrmb AP dbbzm~~m~ dzm mkrarfmb rc d pzm~}hprack ce nczzmnrkm~~+

Kcrdjfq& lcymumz& rlm dzzdkimhmkr df~c baeemz~ ezch rlm rzdbarackdf ncknmzrmb zme}~df rc

bmdf ak rldr ar pfdnm~ kc zm~rzanrack ck d nck~}hmz ezch ~ahpfq nldkiaki rc dkcrlmz A^P cknm rlmq

zmdnl rlm Haraidrack Hmd~}zm~ ~rmp+ Rlmzm dppmdz~ rc jm kc zmt}azmhmkr ecz dkq kmy A^P rc

akrmzemzm yarl rlmaz ~mzuanm cz dkq ydq rc “ndzzq(cumz‑ Ncpqzailr Dfmzr~ ezch ckm A^P rc dkcrlmz+

Rl}~& d nck~}hmz a~ kcr nchpfmrmfq m|nf}bmb ezch rlm hdzomr& j}r zdrlmz& hdq ~}j~rar}rm yarl

dkcrlmz A^P rc ducab lduaki p}karaum hmd~}zm~ fmuamb didak~r rlmh+ Rla~ bahaka~lm~ rlm

meemnraumkm~~ ce rlm ~dknrack~ ahpfmhmkrmb jq A^P~& pzcuabmb rldr ar a~ md~q ecz d n}~rchmz rc

~yarnl rc dkcrlmz pzcuabmz „ d ednrcz ylanl ak pdzr a~ bmpmkbmkr ck hdzomr pcymz+

J+ Bc rlm Pdzram~ Pc~~m~~ Hdzomr Pcymz3

Rlm km|r ~rmp rcydzb dppfqaki rlm Z}fm ce Zmd~ck dkdfq~a~ rc rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh

a~ rc abmkraeq ylmrlmz rlm pdzram~ rc rlm dizmmhmkr ldum hdzomr pcymz+ Hdzomr pcymz a~

imkmzdffq bmrmzhakmb jq m|dhakaki ylmrlmz d nck~}hmz ld~ rlm djafarq rc md~afq cjrdak

~}j~rar}rm~ ecz rlm iccb cz ~mzuanm ak t}m~rack+ Rlm t}m~rack a~ ~}jbauabmb akrc rlm zmfmudkr

pzcb}nr hdzomr dkb imcizdplan hdzomr+

4+ Pzcb}nr Hdzomr

Rc jmiak rlm dkdfq~a~ ce rlm zmfmudkr pzcb}nr hdzomr& ym h}~r fcco rc rlm rmnlkcfciam~

rldr ndk pzcuabm lchm jzcdbjdkb Akrmzkmr dnnm~~+4<> Imkmzdffq& d nck~}hmz hdq zmnmaum

jzcdbjdkb ~mzuanm uad ndjfm hcbmh ~mzuanm& eajmz(cpran ~mzuanm& baiardf ~}j~nzajmz fakm ,B^F!&

~drmffarm Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm& dkb uad nmff plckm rmrlmzaki ak d >I ~mzuanm dzmd+ Ce rlm~m& rlm ryc

yazmfm~~ dfrmzkdraum~& ~drmffarm Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm dkb nmff plckm rmrlmzaki& ndk jm mfahakdrmb d~

4<> D pmz~ck hdq df~c zmnmaum lchm Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm uad badf(}p& ylanl a~ kcr nck~abmzmb d jzcdbjdkb rmnlkcfciq+




>>

nchpdzdjfm ~}j~rar}rm~ rc rlm crlmz rlzmm+ Ecz rlm eczhmz& rlmzm dzm hdkq hczm zm~rzanrack~ ck

jdkbyabrl }~dim rldk hc~r crlmz jzcdbjdkb Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm jmnd}~m rlm ndpdnarq ce ~drmffarm~

ndk jm t}arm faharmb nchpdzmb rc rlm k}hjmz ce }~mz~ drrmhpraki rc dnnm~~ bdrd dr dkq iaumk

rahm+4<2 Hczmcumz& rlm ~aikdf fdrmknq ecz ~drmffarm Akrmzkmr rzdeean ndk fd~r d~ h}nl d~ 0+= rc 0+1

~mnckb~+4<= D~ ~}nl& d }~mz hdq kcr nck~a~rmkrfq imr d h}nl ed~rmz ~pmmb rldk d zmi}fdz badf(}p

nckkmnrack& cz }~m d ~drmffarm nckkmnrack ecz dppfandrack~ ~}nl d~ idhaki cz uabmc ~rzmdhaki+

Faomya~m& nmff plckm rmrlmzaki a~ df~c jdkbyabrl nck~rzanrmb& yarl hc~r nmff}fdz rmfmplckm

nchpdkam~ hdakrdakaki jcrl j}z~r bdrd ~pmmb ndp~ d~ ymff d~ zmfdraumfq fcy hckrlfq jdkbyabrl

dffcrhmkr~+

4<5

E}zrlmz& B^F ndk jm mfahakdrmb d~ d zmd~ckdjfm ~}j~rar}rm rc ndjfm hcbmh dkb eajmz cpran

~mzuanm b}m rc rlm fahardrack~ ce rlm rmnlkcfciq+ Ylafm B^F a~ d yazmfakm rmnlkcfciq ylanl a~

ndpdjfm ce zmdnlaki nchpdzdjfm ~pmmb~ rc ndjfm cz eajmz cpran&4<9 ar a~ plq~andffq faharmb jq rlm

ba~rdknm ce rlm n}~rchmz ezch rlm nmkrzdf rmfmplckm ceeanm+4<< Yarl d hd|ah}h zdkim ce >+24

hafm~ ecz rlm fcym~r ~pmmb B^F nckkmnrack& dkb h}nl ~lczrmz zdkim~ ecz lailmz B^F ~pmmb~&

rlmzm dzm hdkq pcrmkradf jzcdbjdkb n}~rchmz~& m~pmnadffq ak z}zdf dzmd~& ylc dzm }kdjfm rc }~m

B^F d~ d ~}j~rar}rm ecz Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm+4<1

Ecz rlm~m n}~rchmz~& ylc zmpzm~mkr d ~aikaeandkr

pczrack ce rlm kdrackdf hdzomr ecz Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm& ndjfm cz eajmz cpran jzcdbjdkb Akrmzkmr zmhdak

4<2 ^mm ^drmffarm Akrmzkmr & dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##yyy+a~p(zmuamy~+czi#~drmffarm+lrh+4<=

Ab+ 4<5 ^mm Fdknm Ylarkmq& Hcjafm Jdkbyabrl Ndp~ Nldffmkiaki Ymj RU & G}fq :4& :040& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##kmy~+nkmr+nch#<>04(40>=S>(:0044494(12+lrhf+4<9 ^mm Ed~r I}abm rc B^F ,Baiardf ^}j~nzajmz Fakm!& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yldra~+rmnlrdzimr+nch#bmeakarack#0&&~ab1Sina:4>14=&00+lrhf ,fd~r ua~armb Bmn+ <& :044!+4<< Ab+4<1 Hczmcumz& rlm pzm~mknm ce jzabim rdp~ cz fcdb ncaf~ ck rlm fakm jmrymmk rlm rmfmplckm nmkrzdf ceeanm dkb rlmn}~rchmz yaff izmdrfq zmb}nm rlm ba~rdknm rldr ndk jm ~mzumb jq B^F+ ^mm Fcdb Ncaf~ dkb Jzabim Rdp~& dudafdjfm drlrrp7##yyy+akecnmffdz+nch#kmryczo~#Rmfmnch404#fcdb(ncaf~+lrh ,fd~r ua~armb Bmn+ <& :044!+




>2

rlmaz ckfq cprack~+ D~ ~}nl& rlm zmfmudkr pzcb}nr hdzomr ecz jzcdbjdkb Akrmzkmr ndk zmd~ckdjfq

jm kdzzcymb rc ndjfm cz eajmz cpran Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm+

:+ Imcizdplan Hdzomr

D~ rc rlm zmfmudkr imcizdplan hdzomr& rlm A^P~ rldr dzm pdzrq rc rlm dizmmhmkr zmpzm~mkr

cumz 50- ce rlm kdrackdf A^P hdzomr& ylanl imkmzdffq a~ nck~abmzmb rlm fcymz fahar ce hdzomr

~ldzm ylanl iaum~ za~m rc d pzm~}hprack ce hdzomr pcymz+410 Lcymumz& Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm a~

pzcuabmb kcr kdrackdffq& j}r zdrlmz ak zm~pmnraum fcndf ~mzuanm dzmd~& ~c kdrackdf hdzomr ~ldzm hdq

kcr jm zmpzm~mkrdraum ce ylmrlmz dk A^P ld~ hdzomr pcymz ak d ~pmnaean fcndrack+

Ak nmzrdak dzmd~ ce rlm nc}krzq „ dzmd~ ylanl aknf}bm }p rc 9=- ce rlm kdrack‑~ pcp}fdrack

„ nck~}hmz~ dzm m|pmnrmb ~cck rc ckfq ldum d ~akifm nlcanm ce d lail(~pmmb A^P& rlmaz fcndf ndjfm

rmfmua~ack nchpdkq+414 Ae rlm jzcdbjdkb A^P pzcuabmz ak rlm~m hdzomr~ a~ d pdzranapdraki A^P&

nck~}hmz~ yaff kcr ldum dkq zmd~ckdjfm dfrmzkdraum nlcanm~ rc cjrdak lail(~pmmb Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm+

Ak meemnr& rlm~m hdzomr~ dzm dfzmdbq hckcpcfawmb „ nck~}hmz~ ldum kc djafarq rc ~yarnl rc

dfrmzkdrm pzcuabmz~+

Ak crlmz fdzimz hdzomr~& ~}nl d~ Jmrlm~bd& Hdzqfdkb „ d ~}j}zj ce Yd~lakirck& BN „

nck~}hmz jzcdbjdkb Akrmzkmr a~ zmdbafq dudafdjfm ezch rlzmm hdgcz nchpdkam~7 Umzawck&

Nchnd~r& dkb ZNK+ Umzawck dkb Nchnd~r dzm jcrl pdzram~ rc rlm Hmhczdkb}h ce

]kbmz~rdkbaki& j}r ZNK a~ kcr+ Rlmzmeczm& n}~rchmz~ ak Jmrlm~bd dzm djfm rc hczm zmdbafq

~yarnl rc d nchpdkq rldr a~ kcr pdzr ce rlm dizmmhmkr ae rlmq bc kcr ydkr rc bc j}~akm~~ yarl d

nchpdkq rldr hdq pdzranapdrm ak rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh+

410 ^mm ~}pzd kcrm 9= dkb dnnchpdkqaki rm|r+ Ak ednr& rla~ eai}zm hdq jm lailmz ae qc} fahar rlm hdzomr rc jzcdbjdkbAkrmzkmr ~mzuanm pzcuabmb jq ndjfm rmfmua~ack nchpdkam~+ Cumz 94- ce dff kdrackdf ndjfm rmfmua~ack pzcuabmz~ dzmpdzram~ rc rlm Hmhczdkb}h ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki+ ^mm Rcp := H}franldkkmf Uabmc Pzcizdhhaki Ba~rzaj}rcz~ d~ ce

G}km :044& Kdr‑f Ndjfm % Rmfmnchh+ D~~‑k& lrrp7##yyy+knrd+nch#^rdr~#RcpH^C~+d~p|414 ENN& Kdrackdf Jzcdbjdkb Pfdk 2: ,:040!& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##bcykfcdb+jzcdbjdkb+icu#pfdk#kdrackdf(jzcdbjdkb(pfdk+pbe + ^mm df~c ^}~dk P+ Nzdyeczb& Rlm Nchh}kandrack~ Nza~a~ ak Dhmzand& = Ldzudzb Fdy % Pcfanq Zmu+ :2=&:21(=5 ,:044! ,bm~nzajaki rlm aknzmd~akifq hckcpcfawmb kdrackdf hdzomr ecz jzcdbjdkb Akrmzkmr!+




>=

Kmumzrlmfm~~& ylafm ~}j~rar}rack ak Jmrlm~bd hdq jm hczm zmdbafq dudafdjfm& cermk rahm~&

n}~rchmz~ zmnmaum h}frapfm ~mzuanm~ ezch rlmaz A P+ Dff rlzmm jzcdbjdkb A^P~ ak Jmrlm~bd ceemz

‖rzapfm(pfdq‘ bmdf~& ylanl nchjakm rmfmplckm& ndjfm rmfmua~ack dkb Akrmzkmr akrc ckm pdnodim+

Rl}~& d n}~rchmz hdq bmrmzhakm rldr ~yarnlaki nc~r~ dzm lailmz ak nldkiaki rc d kmy ~mzuanm

pzcuabmz+ Rlm~m ~yarnlaki nc~r~ faomfq nzmdrm dk dzraeanadf jdzzamz rcydzb md~q ~}j~rar}rack& mumk

ak d hdzomr rldr ceemz~ ~mumzdf nlcanm~+ Rla~ ednrcz ymail~ rcydzb eakbaki hdzomr pcymz mumk ak

hdzomr~ ylmzm kcr dff nck~}hmz jzcdbjdkb Akrmzkmr pzcuabmz~ dzm pdzram~ rc rlm Hmhczdkb}h ce

]kbmz~rdkbaki+

N+ Yldr Dzm rlm Dkranchpmraraum D~pmnr~ ce rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh3

4+ Nck~}hmz Ymfedzm

D~ ba~n}~~mb mdzfamz ak rla~ dzranfm& dkrarz}~r ld~ mucfumb ezch ncknmzkaki ar~mfe yarl rlm

~}zuaudf ce ~hdff nchpmrarcz~ rc bazmnrfq ecn}~aki ck nck~}hmz ymfedzm+ Pmzldp~ rlm izmdrm~r

dkranchpmraraum a~~}m yarl rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh a~ ar~ pzcua~ack~ bazmnrmb ~cfmfq dr

akrmzemzaki yarl rlm zailr~ ce dk A^P n}~rchmz ylc a~ ckfq dnn}~mb& kcr pzcumk& rc jm d ncpqzailr

akezakimz+

âikaeandkrfq& d nck~}hmz hdq jm dnn}~mb ce ncpqzailr akezakimhmkr dkb zmnmaum kc ydq

rc nldffmkim ~}nl dk d~~mzrack }kfm~~ cz }kraf rlm n}~rchmz zmdnlm~ rlm Haraidrack Hmd~}zm~ ~rmp

ce rlm pzcnm~~+ ]pck zmdnlaki rlm Haraidrack Hmd~}zm~ ~rmp& rlm nck~}hmz ednm~ d hczm baeean}fr

~mr ce pzcnmb}zm~+ Eaz~r& rlm nck~}hmz h}~r pdq d ">= emm rc nldffmkim rlm dnn}~drack~ ce

akezakimhmkr+ ^mnckb& rlm pzcnmmbaki~ dzm icumzkmb jq dk m|rzd(g}banadf rzaj}kdf& }kbmz z}fm~

ylanl zm~rzanr rlm dzi}hmkr~ rldr ndk jm hdbm jq d nck~}hmz dkb zmt}azm rldr rlmq pzcum rldr

rlmq bab kcr akezakim rlm nckrmkr cykmz‑~ iccb~+ Rlmzm a~ kcrlaki rc akbandrm rldr d nck~}hmz a~

pzcuabmb dkq akeczhdrack jq ylanl rlmq ndk mudf}drm dkb nldffmkim rlm hmrlcb }~mb rc abmkraeq




>5

rlm ncpqzailrmb iccb cz rlm dffmimb akezakiaki nckb}nr+ Rlazb& rlm nck~}hmz a~ ecznmb rc

nldffmkim dkb zmj}r dff pzacz dffmidrack~ ce akezakimhmkr zmnmaumb+ Rlmzm bcm~ kcr dppmdz rc jm

dkq rahm fahardrack ck rlm~m pzacz dnn}~drack~ dkb ar a~ pc~~ajfm rldr rlm fdp~m ce rahm nc}fb

kmidraumfq ahpdnr d nck~}hmz‑~ djafarq rc hc}kr dk meemnraum nldffmkim+ Eakdffq& rlmzm a~ kc

dudafdjafarq }kbmz rlm pfdk ecz dkq ~czr ce ~mnckb fmumf cz g}banadf zmuamy+

Rlm ~laeraki ce rlm j}zbmk ce pzcce lmzm a~ dk ahpczrdkr ednrcz& jmnd}~m ar zmdnlm~ edz

jmqckb yldr nckrmkr cykmz~ dzm mkrarfmb rc }kbmz rlm Ncpqzailr Dnr+ ^mnrack =04 ce rlm Dnr41:

bmnfdzm~ rldr rlm uacfdrack ce dkq ce rlm m|nf}~aum zailr~ }kbmz rldr Dnr a~ dk akezakimhmkr ce

ncpqzailr+ D~ d zmhmbq& d nckrmkr cykmz hdq akaradrm dk dnrack ecz akezakimhmkr ak d Embmzdf

Nc}zr+ Kcrdjfq& d~ d pfdakraee ak dk akezakimhmkr ~}ar& rlm nckrmkr cykmz~ dzm zmt}azmb rc m~rdjfa~l

rldr rlmq dzm rlm lcfbmz ce d udfab ncpqzailr dkb rlmk pzcum rldr rlm bmemkbdkr akezakimb ckm ce

rlm mk}hmzdrmb zailr~& jcrl jq d pzmpckbmzdknm ce rlm muabmknm+ Bmemkbdkr~ dzm mkrarfmb rc

pzm~mkr dkq ncikawdjfm bmemk~m& ce ylanl edaz }~m a~ j}r ckm+ Jcrl pdzram~ dzm mkrarfmb rc zmnmaum

ba~ncumzq pzacz rc rzadf+ Dkb& rlm pdzrq ylc pzmudaf~ hdq jm mkrarfmb rc drrczkmq‑~ emm~ }kbmz rlm

~rdr}rm‑~ emm ~laeraki pzcua~ack+41> ]kbmz rla~ mfdjczdrm ~q~rmh& ylanl pfdnm~ j}zbmk~ ck jcrl rlm

ncpqzailr cykmz dkb rlm bmemkbdkr& rlm k}hjmz ce Rqpm A mzzcz~ cz edf~m pc~araum~ a~ ompr rc d

hakah}h+

Rlm b}m pzcnm~~ pzcua~ack ce rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh ba~r}zj~ rla~ ndzme}ffq ndfajzdrmb

~q~rmh nzmdrmb jq Nckizm~~+ Ak zm~czraki rc rla~ ~mfe(lmfp ~q~rmh& nckrmkr cykmz~ ldum ud~rfq

aknzmd~mb rlmaz pcymz rc abmkraeq dkb p}ka~l nck~}hmz~ ylc dzm ~}~pmnrmb ce ncpqzailr

akezakimhmkr yarlc}r dkq meemnraum hmdk~ ecz nck~}hmz~ rc zm~pckb dkb bmkq dffmidrack~ ce

41: 49 ]+^+N+ © =04+41> Rlm pc~~ajafarq ce emm(~laeraki ecz drrczkmq‑~ emm~ zmpzm~mkr~ dk ahpczrdkr nlmno ck nckrmkr cykmz~ ezch jzakiaki}khmzarczac}~ nfdah~+




>9

akezakimhmkr+ Rlm ~q~rmh ecz abmkraeqaki dffmimb akezakimz~ a~ hd~omb ak ~mnzmnq dkb nck~}hmz~

ldum ckfq d faharmb djafarq rc meemnraumfq nldffmkim dk dffmidrack jmnd}~m rlm nckrmkr cykmz‑~

abmkraeandrack ce rlm nck~}hmz dkb rlm yczo a~ mkrarfmb rc d pzm~}hprack ce nczzmnrkm~~+

Nck~}hmz~ dzm ecznmb rc pzcum d kmidraum& yarlc}r lduaki dnnm~~ rc m~~mkradf muabmknm ylanl

yc}fb dffcy rlmh rc bc ~c+ Jmnd}~m rlm b}m pzcnm~~ pzcrmnrack~ pzcuabmb dzm hakahdf& rlm

nldknm~ ce Rqpm A mzzcz dzm h}nl izmdrmz ak rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr q~rmh+ D~ d zm~}fr& rlm

faomfalccb ce dk akkcnmkr }~mz jmaki p}ka~lmb a~ h}nl lailmz& mumk ae rlm ~q~rmh hdq yczo rc

ndrnl d pf}zdfarq ce dnr}df ncpqzailr akezakimz~+412 Yarl rlm m~~mkradf pfdnm rldr rlm Akrmzkmr ld~

rdomk ak rlm mumzqbdq faem ce rlm dumzdim Dhmzandk nck~}hmz& rlm pc~~ajafarq ce dk mzzckmc}~

bmpzaudrack ce Akrmzkmr ~mzuanm~ „ mumk hchmkrdzafq „ a~ d ~}jgmnr rldr yc}fb jm ce ncknmzk rc

dkrarz}~r mkecznmz~ dkb rlm nc}zr~+

:+ Icumzkdknm Pzcua~ack~

Ak dbbarack rc rlm nck~}hmz bazmnrmb pzcua~ack~& rlm dizmmhmkr df~c zm~rzanr~ rlm djafarq ce

A^P~ fcndrmb ak nchpmraraum hdzomr~ rc mkidim ak nchpmrarack yarlc}r rlm akrmzemzmknm ce dk

cumz~ailr jcbq nck~a~raki ce crlmz akb}~rzq pdzranapdkr~+ Nckrmkr cykmz~ dzm ~ahafdzfq zm~rzanrmb

ezch a~~}aki kcranm~& marlmz jq hmdk~ ce d t}crd cz d nchpfmrm jdk& yarlc}r rlm nccpmzdrack ce

crlmz pdzranapdkr~ ak rlmaz akb}~rzq+ Rlm~m dzm ahpczrdkr pzcua~ack~ jmnd}~m rlmq dffcy mdnl ce

rlm pdzram~ „ nckrmkr cykmz~ dkb A^P~ dfaom ( rc pcfanm rlm crlmz~ rc hdakrdak ba~napfakm yarlak rlm

ndzrmf+

412 Dbbarackdffq& dff akbandrack~ dzm rldr rz}fq bmucrmb akezakimz~ yaff ~ahpfq dbcpr rmnlkcfciq ylanl yaff hd~o rlmdjafarq ce nckrmkr cykmz~ rc abmkraeq rlmh+ ^mm& m+i+& Zqdk Pd}f& ^ymba~l Pcfarandf Pdzrq Ceemz~ Nchhmznadf Bdzokmr

Dnnm~~& D}i+ 4=& :005& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##dz~rmnlkand+nch#cfb#nckrmkr#:005#0<#9=0:+dz~? JR I}dzb Dkckqhc}~Jarrczzmkr mzuanm~& dudafdjfm dr lrrp7##jri}dzb+nch ,mkdjfaki }~mz~ rc pdq "5+1=#hckrl rc dkckqhawm rlmaz APdbbzm~~m~ ylafm pdzranapdraki ak pmmz(rc(pmmz Jarrczzmkr eafm m|nldkim& hc~r faomfq m|nldkim~ nck~rar}raki ckfakmakezakimhmkr!+




><

Ezch dk mnckchan ~rdkbpcakr& ~}nl pzcua~ack~ ~mzum rc zmakecznm rlm dkranchpmraraum

kdr}zm ce rlm bmdf+ âhafdz rc rlm pza~ckmz‑~ bafmhhd& rlm aknmkraum~ ecz d ndzrmf hmhjmz rc nlmdr

ck rlm dzzdkimhmkr ecz nchpmraraum dbudkrdim dzm lail+ Ak rlm nd~m ce rla~ dizmmhmkr& A^P~ ak

nchpmraraum hdzomr~ ylc ahpfmhmkr fm~~ “~}nnm~~e}f‑ Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh~ rldk rlmaz

nchpmrarcz~ nc}fb ~mzum rc bzdy dbbarackdf n}~rchmz~ dydq ezch crlmz ndzrmf hmhjmz~ ylc

ahpfmhmkr ~rzanrmz ~q~rmh~+ âhafdzfq& rlm zm~rzanrack~ ck faharaki dfmzr~ jq rlm udzac}~ nckrmkr

cykmz~ ~mzum~ rc mk~}zm rldr ckm nckrmkr cykmz a~ kcr jmkmearrmb hczm rldk dkcrlmz jq rlm

pzcpc~mb pfdk+ Jq dffcyaki nckrmkr cykmz~ dkb crlmz A P~ rc hckarcz nchpfadknm yarl rlm

dizmmhmkr& rlm pdzram~ ndk mk~}zm rldr mdnl crlmz bc kcr }~m rlm dizmmhmkr rc idak nchpmraraum

dbudkrdim+

E}zrlmzhczm& dfrlc}il rlm hdak e}knrack ce rlm icumzkdknm dkb akeczhdrack ~ldzaki

pzcua~ack~ a~ rc hdakrdak ba~napfakm dhcki rlm pdzranapdkr~& ~}nl dzzdkimhmkr~ hdq df~c ldum rlm

meemnr ce dffcyaki rlm pdzram~ rc ncff}bm ak rlm e}r}zm ck crlmz hdrrmz~+ Cknm rlm fakm~ ce

nchh}kandrack dzm cpmk& rlm cppczr}karq rc nckrak}m rc }~m rlm~m fakm~ rc dnr ak crlmz

dkranchpmraraum ydq~ hdq za~m bzdhdrandffq+

B+ Yldr Dzm rlm Pzc(Nchpmraraum G}~raeandrack~ Ceemzmb3

Ylafm rlm Ncpqzailr Dfmzr ^q~rmh ld~ kcr jmmk nldffmkimb ak d nc}zr& rlm Hmhczdkb}h

ce ]kbmz~rdkbaki nzmdraki rlm ~q~rmh nckrdak~ hdkq ce rlm faomfq pzc(nchpmraraum g}~raeandrack~

faomfq rc jm ceemzmb ak ~}ppczr ce rlm ^q~rmh+ Dhcki rlc~m abmkraeamb dzm rlm ~}j~rdkradf

m|rmzkdfaram~ rldr ncpqzailr akezakimhmkr ahpc~m~ ck rlm mnckchq mdnl qmdz& rlm ednr rldr ckfakm

akezakimhmkr hdq nckrzaj}rm rc kmryczo nckim~rack& dkb rldr mb}ndrackdf hmd~}zm~ dkb

bmrmzzmknm ak fam} ce faraidrack jmkmear~ nck~}hmz~+ Dbbarackdffq& dk dzi}hmkr ndk jm hdbm rldr

^mnrack =4: ce rlm Ncpqzailr Dnr nckrdak~ dk ahpfanar d}rlczawdrack ecz A^P~ rc mkidim ak

ncknmzrmb jmlduacz ak rlmaz meeczr~ rc ~rmh ckfakm akezakimhmkr+




>1

4+ Mnckchan Nc~r~ ce Ncpqzailr Akezakimhmkr

Rlm mnckchan nc~r~ ce ncpqzailr akezakimhmkr rc nckrmkr cykmz~ dkb rlmaz aknmkraum rc

nzmdrm a~ d g}~raeandrack ylanl nc}zr~ yc}fb fcco rc ak d~~m~~aki dk dkrarz}~r nfdah+ Rlm NNA narm~

ck ar~ ymj~arm rc dk mnckchan ~r}bq jq rlm Ak~rar}rm ecz Pcfanq Akkcudrack rc ba~n}~~ rlm~m nc~r~+

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20

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24

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:05

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2:

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22

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:44

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25

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29

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::4 E+R+N+ u+ Akbadkd Embmzdrack ce Bmkra~r~& 295 ]+^+ 229& 25= ,41<5!+




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zmhdak dnraumfq akucfumb ak ndfajzdraki rlm zailr~ ce nzmdrcz~ didak~r rlc~m ce nck~}hmz~+

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